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Zhang Y, Wu X, Ge H, Jiang Y, Sun Z, Ji X, Jia Z, Cui G. A Blockchain-Based Traceability Model for Grain and Oil Food Supply Chain. Foods 2023; 12:3235. [PMID: 37685168 PMCID: PMC10486922 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure of the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain has the characteristics of complexity, cross-regionality, a long cycle, and numerous participants, making it difficult to maintain the safety of supply. In recent years, some phenomena have emerged in the field of grain procurement and sale, such as topping the new with the old, rotating grains, the pressure of grades and prices, and counterfeit oil food, which have seriously threatened grain-and-oil-food security. Blockchain technology has the advantage of decentralization and non-tampering Therefore, this study analyzes the characteristics of traceability data in the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain, and presents a blockchain-based traceability model for the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain. Firstly, a new method combining blockchain and machine learning is proposed to enhance the authenticity and reliability of blockchain source data by constructing anomalous data-processing models. In addition, a lightweight blockchain-storage method and a data-recovery mechanism are proposed to reduce the pressure on supply-chain-data storage and improve fault tolerance. The results indicate that the average query delay of public data is 0.42 s, the average query delay of private data is 0.88 s, and the average data-recovery delay is 1.2 s. Finally, a blockchain-based grain-and-oil-food-supply-chain traceability system is designed and built using Hyperledger Fabric. Compared with the existing grain-and-oil-food-supply chain, the model constructed achieves multi-source heterogeneous data uploading, lightweight storage, data recovery, and traceability in the supply chain, which are of great significance for ensuring the safety of grain-and-oil food in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongyi Ge
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaodi Ji
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangyuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Jia Y, Nima C, Yang L, Wang L, Wei B, Li Y, Li H, Deji Y, Zhao S, Guo M, Gong H, Kong C, Gu L, Gesang Z, Li R. Selenium and Zinc Intakes of Staple Grains and Their Correlation with Urine Selenium and Zinc in the Tibetan Rural Residents along the Yarlung Zangbo River. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15082010. [PMID: 37111228 PMCID: PMC10143032 DOI: 10.3390/nu15082010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grains account for a large proportion of the diet of rural residents in Tibet. The lack of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) threatens the population's nutrition and health. However, the intakes of selenium and zinc in grains remains unclear. To clarify the nutritional status of selenium and zinc consumed from staple grains of residents along the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet, 341 grain samples and 242 urine samples were collected, and 244 food frequency questionnaires were completed along the Yarlung Zangbo River in 2020-2021. The results showed that the selenium concentrations of 88.5% of self-produced tsampa and 80.8% of self-produced flour were lower than the grain selenium threshold (<25 μg·kg-1). The intake of selenium and zinc from staple grains (tsampa, flour, and rice) contributed 15.0% and 43.5% to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) on average, respectively. A geographical detector model analyzed factors affecting urinary selenium and zinc levels. Selenium and zinc intakes in rice and flour, and dietary diversity score (DDS) were the main factors affecting urinary selenium and zinc (p < 0.01). Their interaction effects on urinary selenium and zinc were greater than those of a single factor. The staple grains of rural residents along the Yarlung Zangbo River were in a state of selenium deficiency. The zinc content of the staple grain purchased was lower than that of the main grain produced by rural residents. Changing the grain consumption pattern and adjusting the proportion of exogenous grains can improve selenium and zinc nutrition in residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cangjue Nima
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Binggan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hairong Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangzong Deji
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, China
| | - Shengcheng Zhao
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, China
| | - Min Guo
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, China
| | - Hongqiang Gong
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, China
| | - Chang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zongji Gesang
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, China
| | - Rujun Li
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, China
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Cui J, Zhaxi D, Sun X, Teng N, Wang R, Diao Y, Jin C, Chen Y, Xu X, Li X. Association of dietary pattern and Tibetan featured foods with high-altitude polycythemia in Naqu, Tibet: A 1:2 individual-matched case-control study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:946259. [PMID: 36211499 PMCID: PMC9538783 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.946259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the association of dietary patterns and Tibetan featured foods with high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) in Naqu, Tibet, to explore the risk factors of HAPC in Naqu, Tibet, to raise awareness of the disease among the population and provide evidence for the development of prevention and treatment interventions. A 1:2 individual-matched case-control study design was used to select residents of three villages in the Naqu region of Tibet as the study population. During the health examination and questionnaire survey conducted from December 2020 to December 2021, a sample of 1,171 cases was collected. And after inclusion and exclusion criteria and energy intake correction, 100 patients diagnosed with HAPC using the “Qinghai criteria” were identified as the case group, while 1,059 patients without HAPC or HAPC -related diseases were identified as the control group. Individuals were matched by a 1:2 propensity score matching according to gender, age, body mass index (BMI), length of residence, working altitude, smoking status, and alcohol status. Dietary patterns were determined by a principal component analysis, and the scores of study subjects for each dietary pattern were calculated. The effect of dietary pattern scores and mean daily intake (g/day) of foods in the Tibetan specialty diet on the prevalence of HAPC was analyzed using conditional logistic regression. After propensity score matching, we found three main dietary patterns among residents in Naqu through principal component analysis, which were a “high protein pattern,” “snack food pattern,” and “vegetarian food pattern.” All three dietary patterns showed a high linear association with HAPC (p < 0.05) and were risk factors for HAPC. In the analysis of the relationship between Tibetan featured foods and the prevalence of HAPC, the results of the multifactorial analysis following adjustment for other featured foods showed that there was a positive correlation between the average daily intake of tsampa and the presence of HAPC, which was a risk factor. Additionally, there was an inverse correlation between the average daily intake of ghee tea and the presence of HAPC, which was a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Duoji Zhaxi
- Institute of High Altitude Medicine, People’s Hospital of Naqu Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Naqu, China
| | - Xianzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Teng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yizhuo Diao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenxin Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Institute of High Altitude Medicine, People’s Hospital of Naqu Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Naqu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Xu,
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Xiaofeng Li,
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Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the Land Carrying Capacity of Tibet Based on Grain Demand and Calorie Requirement. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tibet constitutes a major part of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and is a typical ethnic minority (e.g., Tibetan) and ecologically fragile area in the world. Land resources are one of the most important foundations of food production, and Tibet’s increasingly multi-type food demands are putting new pressure on land resources. However, there is still debate on how many people can be supported with the food production in Tibet. Investigating the land carrying capacity (LCC) in Tibet is very important for maintaining food security and formulating sustainable land management and utilization. Based on an analysis of the unique characteristics of the local farming, pastoral production, and dietary consumption, the spatio-temporal patterns of theLCC in Tibet in 2000–2019 were quantitatively assessed against the grain demands and calorie requirements at three different standards of living (i.e., basic prosperity, comprehensive moderate prosperity, and affluence). The dietary consumption was characterized by the high consumption of grains and meat products, and the low consumption of fruits and vegetables. The LCC in Tibet has continued to increase. The LCC in approximately 60% of the counties increased, with the high-LCC counties concentrated mainly in the Yarlung Zangbo River—Nyangqu River—Lhasa River area, and municipal districts and pastoral counties generally experiencing a low LCC. The load on land resources (LoL) in Tibet exhibited the characteristic of overall balance with local overloads and increasing tensions. More than 50% of the counties experienced population overload, mainly in municipal districts and pastoral counties. Food surplus was mainly found in farming counties, while the food production in pastoral counties was generally unable to meet the calorie demand. Considering the important role of land use in maintaining regional food security and ecological security, the conversion of grassland to cultivated land, the occupation of cultivated land, and the phenomenon of cultivated land was used to non grain should be avoided. Trans-regional transport of food should be strengthened to meet the calorie needs in population overload areas in the future. Our study provides a perspective for evaluating the pressure of land resources. The result can provide a reference for realizing the balance of grain and calorie supply–demand and lay a foundation for formulating sustainable land use policies in the QPT.
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