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Ho CH, Yang TY, Tseng SP, Su PY. Antimicrobial efficacy and amino acid substitutions associated with susceptibility to the tellurium compound AS101 against Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00558-y. [PMID: 38987387 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The tellurite toxicity in Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae remains unclear. To understand the potential of tellurite as a therapeutic option for these bacteria, we investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of AS101, a tellurium compound, against H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae and the molecular basis of their differences in AS101 susceptibility. Through broth microdilution, we examined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AS101 in 51 H. influenzae and 28 H. parainfluenzae isolates. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the H. influenzae isolates to identify genetic variations associated with AS101 susceptibility. The MICs of AS101 were ≦ 4, 16-32, and ≧ 64 μg/mL in 9 (17.6%), 12 (23.5%), and 30 (58.8%) H. influenzae isolates, respectively, whereas ≦ 0.5 μg/mL in all H. parainfluenzae isolates, including multidrug-resistant isolates. Time-killing kinetic assay and scanning electron microscopy revealed the in vitro bactericidal activity of AS101 against H. parainfluenzae. Forty variations in nine tellurite resistance-related genes were associated with AS101 susceptibility. Logistic regression, receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, Venn diagram, and protein sequence alignment indicated that Val195Ile substitution in TerC, Ser93Gly in Gor (glutathione reductase), Pro44Ala/Ala50Pro in NapB (nitrate reductase), Val307Leu in TehA (tellurite resistance protein), Cys105Arg in CysK (cysteine synthase), and Thr364Ser in Csd (Cysteine desulfurase) were strongly associated with reduced AS101 susceptibility, whereas Ser155Pro in TehA with increased AS101 susceptibility. In conclusions, the antimicrobial efficacy of AS101 is high against H. parainfluenzae but low against H. influenzae. Genetic variations and corresponding protein changes relevant to AS101 non-susceptibility in H. influenzae were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Pin Tseng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chiaverini L, Tolbatov I, Marrone A, Marzo T, Biver T, La Mendola D. Unveiling the mechanism of activation of the Te(IV) prodrug AS101. New chemical insights towards a better understanding of its medicinal properties. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 256:112567. [PMID: 38669911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
AS101 (Ammonium trichloro (dioxoethylene-O,O') tellurate) is an important hypervalent Te-based prodrug. Recently, we started a systematic investigation on AS101 with the aim to correlate its promising biological effects as a potent immunomodulator drug with multiple medicinal applications and its specific chemical properties. To date, a substantial agreement on the rapid conversion of the initial AS101 species into the corresponding TeOCl3- anion does exist, and this latter species is reputed as the pharmacologically active one. However, we realized that TeOCl3- could quickly undergo further steps of conversion in an aqueous medium, eventually producing the TeO2 species. Using a mixed experimental and theoretical investigation approach, we characterized the conversion process leading to TeO2 occurring both in pure water and in reference buffers at physiological-like pH. Our findings may offer a valuable "chemical tool" for a better description, interpretation -and optimization- of the mechanism of action of AS101 and Te-based compounds. This might be a starting point for improved AS101-based medicinal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Chiaverini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa. Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Iogann Tolbatov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa. Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa. Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Li R, Shen X, Li Z, Shen J, Tang H, Xu H, Shen J, Xu Y. Combination of AS101 and Mefloquine Inhibits Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7271-7288. [PMID: 38023412 PMCID: PMC10664714 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s427232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) has spread around the world, leading to a high mortality and close attention of medical community. In this study, we aim to find a new strategy of treatment for CRPA infections. Methods Eight strains of CRPA were collected, and PCR detected the multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using the VITEK@2 compact system. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for AS101 and mefloquine was determined using the broth dilution method. Antibacterial activity was tested in vitro and in vivo through the chessboard assay, time killing assay, and a mouse model. The mechanism of AS101 combined with mefloquine against CRPA was assessed through the biofilm formation inhibition assay, electron microscopy, and detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results The results demonstrated that all tested CRPA strains exhibited multidrug resistance. Moreover, our investigation revealed a substantial synergistic antibacterial effect of AS101-mefloquine in vitro. The assay for inhibiting biofilm formation indicated that AS101-mefloquine effectively suppressed the biofilm formation of CRPA-5 and CRPA-6. Furthermore, AS101-mefloquine were observed to disrupt the bacterial cell wall and enhance the permeability of the cell membrane. This effect was achieved by stimulating the production of ROS, which in turn hindered the growth of CRPA-3. To evaluate the therapeutic potential, a murine model of CRPA-3 peritoneal infection was established. Notably, AS101-mefloquine administration resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial load within the liver, kidney, and spleen of mice after 72 hours of treatment. Conclusion The present study showed that the combination of AS101 and mefloquine yielded a notable synergistic bacteriostatic effect both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a potential clinical application of this combination in the treatment of CRPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Provincial Laboratories of Pathogen Biology and Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuhang Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyuan Li
- Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilong Shen
- Provincial Laboratories of Pathogen Biology and Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaming Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilu Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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Yang TY, Hung WC, Tsai TH, Lu PL, Wang SF, Wang LC, Lin YT, Tseng SP. Potentials of organic tellurium-containing compound AS101 to overcome carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:1016-1025. [PMID: 37516546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli was aggravated yearly. The previous studies reported the varied but critical epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant E. coli among which the carbapenemase-producing strains were regarded as one of the most notorious issues. AS101, an organic tellurium-containing compound undergoing clinical trials, was revealed with antibacterial activities. However, little is known about the antibacterial effect of AS101 against carbapenemase-producing E. coli (CPEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AS101 against the 15 isolates was examined using a broth microdilution method. The scanning electron microscopy, pharmaceutical manipulations, reactive oxygen species level, and DNA fragmentation assay were carried out to investigate the antibacterial mechanism. The sepsis mouse model was employed to assess the in vivo treatment effect. RESULTS The blaNDM (33.3%) was revealed as the dominant carbapenemase gene among the 15 CPEC isolates, followed by the blaKPC gene (26.7%). The MICs of AS101 against the 15 isolates ranged from 0.5 to 32 μg/ml, and 99.9% of bacterial eradication was observed at 8 h, 4 h, and 2 h for 1×, 2×, and 4 × MIC, respectively. The mechanistic investigations suggest that AS101 would enter the bacterial cell, and induce ROS generation, leading to DNA fragmentation. The in vivo study exhibited that AS101 possessed a steady treatment effect in a sepsis mouse model, with an up to 83.3% of survival rate. CONCLUSION The in vitro activities, mechanisms, and in vivo study of AS101 against CPEC were unveiled. Our finding provided further evidence for the antibiotic development of AS101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ying Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Future Innovation Institute, Waseda University, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Japan; School of Education, Waseda University, Japan
| | - Wei-Chun Hung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chun Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Pin Tseng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan; Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Tripathi A, Khan A, Kiran P, Shetty H, Srivastava R. Screening of AS101 analog, organotellurolate (IV) compound 2 for its in vitro biocompatibility, anticancer, and antibacterial activities. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03280-7. [PMID: 37227510 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organotellurium compounds are being well researched as potential candidates for their functional roles in therapeutic and clinical biology. Here, we report the in vitro anticancer and antibacterial activities of an AS101 analog, cyclic zwitterionic organotellurolate (IV) compound 2 [Te-{CH2CH(NH3+)COO}(Cl)3]. Different concentrations of compound 2 were exposed to fibroblast L929 and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines to study its effect on cell viability. The fibroblast cells with good viability confirmed the biocompatibility, and compound 2 also was less hemolytic on RBCs. A cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line investigated compound 2 to be anti-cancerous with IC50 value of 2.86 ± 0.02 µg/mL. The apoptosis was confirmed through the cell cycle phase arrest of the organotellurolate (IV) compound 2. Examination of the antibacterial potency compound 2 was done based on the agar disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and time-dependent assay for the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Pseudomonas putida. For both bacterial strains, tests were performed with the concentration range of 3.9-500 μg/mL, and the minimum inhibition concentration value was found to be 125 μg/mL. The time-dependent assay suggested the bactericidal activity of organotellurolate (IV) compound, 2 against the bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Amreen Khan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
- Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Pallavi Kiran
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Harsha Shetty
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Yang TY, Tseng SP, Ho HC, Chen LH, Hsueh PR, Lu PL, Lin CH, Wang LC. In Vitro Evaluation of Tellurium-Based AS101 Compound against Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infectivity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0149622. [PMID: 36877078 PMCID: PMC10100759 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01496-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) is a obligate human pathogen responsible for gonorrhea, one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. The yearly increased multidrug resistance in GC has led to treatment failure clinically, suggesting an urgent need for novel therapy to combat this global health issue. AS101 [ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-O,O'-)tellurate], a tellurium-based compound previously used as an immunomodulatory agent, was found to have antimicrobial effects against Klebsiella pneumoniae via a high-throughput drug screening and showed antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter spp. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anti-gonococcal activity of AS101, including its antimicrobial activity, biofilm and infectivity inhibition, and potential underlying mechanisms. The agar-dilution-based MIC was used. The inhibition of GC microcolony formation and continual growth by AS101 was assessed by microscopy. The effect of AS101 on GC infectivity was evaluated by infecting endocervical ME180 and colorectal T84 epithelial cell lines. The mode of action was evaluated by a time-killing curve, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The MICs of MS11 and WHO GC isolates were both found to be 0.05 μg/mL. The biofilm formation, continual growth, and infectivity of two epithelial cell lines were significantly decreased with AS101 treatment. The time-kill curve, similar to that of azithromycin, suggested that AS101 is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial. However, TEM and ROS levels implied a mode of action different from that of azithromycin. Our findings highlighted the robust anti-gonococcal activities of AS101, which potentiates its use as a future antimicrobial for GC. IMPORTANCE Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen responsible for gonorrhea, one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. The yearly increased multidrug resistance in GC has led to treatment failure clinically, suggesting an urgent need for novel therapy to combat the global health issue. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anti-gonococcal activity of a previous immunomodulatory agent, AS101, and its underlying mechanisms. Here, we report that AS101 possesses remarkable anti-gonococcal activity. These findings supported further studies on in vivo experiments and formulations for the clinical application of AS101 as an anti-gonococcal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ying Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Future Innovation Institute, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Education, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sung-Pin Tseng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Ho
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chun Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chiaverini L, Marzo T, La Mendola D. AS101: An overview on a leading tellurium-based prodrug. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chiaverini L, Cirri D, Tolbatov I, Corsi F, Piano I, Marrone A, Pratesi A, Marzo T, La Mendola D. Medicinal Hypervalent Tellurium Prodrugs Bearing Different Ligands: A Comparative Study of the Chemical Profiles of AS101 and Its Halido Replaced Analogues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147505. [PMID: 35886853 PMCID: PMC9317073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium trichloro (dioxoethylene-O,O′) tellurate (AS101) is a potent immunomodulator prodrug that, in recent years, entered various clinical trials and was tested for a variety of potential therapeutic applications. It has been demonstrated that AS101 quickly activates in aqueous milieu, producing TeOCl3−, which likely represents the pharmacologically active species. Here we report on the study of the activation process of AS101 and of two its analogues. After the synthesis and characterization of AS101 and its derivatives, we have carried out a comparative study through a combined experimental and computational analysis. Based on the obtained results, we describe here, for the first time, the detailed reaction that AS101 and its bromido- and iodido-replaced analogues undergo in presence of water, allowing the conversion of the original molecule to the likely true pharmacophore. Interestingly, moving down in the halogens’ group we observed a higher tendency to react, attributable to the ligands’ effect. The chemical and mechanistic implications of these meaningful differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Chiaverini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (F.C.); (I.P.); (D.L.M.)
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Iogann Tolbatov
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Francesca Corsi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (F.C.); (I.P.); (D.L.M.)
| | - Ilaria Piano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (F.C.); (I.P.); (D.L.M.)
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (F.C.); (I.P.); (D.L.M.)
- Correspondence: (I.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (F.C.); (I.P.); (D.L.M.)
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Synergistic Combination of AS101 and Azidothymidine against Clinical Isolates of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121552. [PMID: 34959507 PMCID: PMC8706163 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the over usage of carbapenems, carbapenem resistance has become a vital threat worldwide, and, thus, the World Health Organization announced the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) as the critical priority for antibiotic development in 2017. In the current situation, combination therapy would be one solution against CRE. Azidothymidine (AZT), a thymidine analog, has demonstrated its synergistically antibacterial activities with other antibiotics. The unexpected antimicrobial activity of the immunomodulator ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-o,o')tellurate (AS101) has been reported against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Here, we sought to investigate the synergistic activity between AS101 and AZT against 12 CRKP clinical isolates. According to the gene detection results, the blaOXA-1 (7/12, 58.3%), blaDHA (7/12, 58.3%), and blaKPC (7/12, 58.3%) genes were the most prevalent ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemase genes, respectively. The checkerboard analysis demonstrated the remarkable synergism between AS101 and AZT, with the observable decrease in the MIC value for two agents and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index ≤0.5 in all strains. Hence, the combination of AS101 and azidothymidine could be a potential treatment option against CRKP for drug development.
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Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Matrix-Induced Silver Ions against Antibiotic-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111094. [PMID: 34832878 PMCID: PMC8621581 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, drug-resistant bacterial infections, especially ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.), have become a critical health issue worldwide, highlighting the emerging need for novel antibacterial agents. In this study, silver nanoparticles were extracted from silver-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG-Ag) using four different matrixes, including water, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), tryptic soy broth (TSB), and taurine (Tau). The inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) results demonstrated that the silver concentration of Tau-Ag was the highest among the four matrixes. The Tau-Ag was also observed to have 87.35% silver ions in its X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) spectra. The micrograph of transmission electron microscope (TEM) displayed a uniform distribution of silver nanoparticles, which was confined in a smaller size compared to that in TSB-Ag. Moreover, the peak shifts observed in the Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectrum implied that the -SO32− and -NH groups in taurine may interact with silver. A low cytotoxicity was noted for Tau-Ag, with approximately 70% of cells surviving at 0.63 mg/mL. Compared to the other three matrix-induced silver agents, Tau-Ag represented a better antibacterial effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.63 mg/mL and a postponed growth of 0.31 mg/mL observed. Further antibacterial examinations illustrated the presence of remarkable antibacterial activities against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus feacium, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Given our observations and multiple bioactive functions of taurine (prevent patients from inflammation and oxidative-stress injuries), we anticipate that taurine matrix-induced silver ions would be a biomedical material with a high potential for combatting drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens.
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