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Yue D, Zheng D, Bai Y, Yang L, Yong J, Li Y. Insights into the anti-Candida albicans properties of natural phytochemicals: An in vitro and in vivo investigation. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2518-2538. [PMID: 38450815 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis, attributed to Candida albicans, has long been a formidable threat to human health. Despite the advent of effective therapeutics in recent decades, the mortality rate in affected patient populations remains discouraging. This is exacerbated by the emergence of multidrug resistance, significantly limiting the utility of conventional antifungals. Consequently, researchers are compelled to continuously explore novel solutions. Natural phytochemicals present a potential adjunct to the existing arsenal of agents. Previous studies have substantiated the efficacy of phytochemicals against C. albicans. Emerging evidence also underscores the promising application of phytochemicals in the realm of antifungal treatment. This review systematically delineates the inhibitory activity of phytochemicals, both in monotherapy and combination therapy, against C. albicans in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Moreover, it elucidates the mechanisms underpinning the antifungal properties, encompassing (i) cell wall and plasma membrane damage, (ii) inhibition of efflux pumps, (iii) induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, and (iv) inhibition of virulence factors. Subsequently, the review introduces the substantial potential of nanotechnology and photodynamic technology in enhancing the bioavailability of phytochemicals. Lastly, it discusses current limitations and outlines future research priorities, emphasizing the need for high-quality research to comprehensively establish the clinical efficacy and safety of phytochemicals in treating fungal infections. This review aims to inspire further contemplation and recommendations for the effective integration of natural phytochemicals in the development of new medicines for patients afflicted with C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daifan Yue
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongming Zheng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Bai
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlan Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangyan Yong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wu T, Yu L, Xiao L, Wang T, Li P, Mu B. Novel 4-Chromanone-Derived Compounds as Plant Immunity Inducers against CMV Disease in Passiflora spp. (Passion Fruit). Molecules 2024; 29:1045. [PMID: 38474557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study involved the design and synthesis of a series of novel 4-chromanone-derived compounds. Their in vivo anti-cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) activity in field trials against CMV disease in Passiflora spp. was then assessed. Bioassay results demonstrated that compounds 7c and 7g exhibited remarkable curative effects and protection against CMV, with inhibition rates of 57.69% and 51.73% and 56.13% and 52.39%, respectively, surpassing those of dufulin and comparable to ningnanmycin. Field trials results indicated that compound 7c displayed significant efficacy against CMV disease in Passiflora spp. (passion fruit) after the third spraying at a concentration of 200 mg/L, with a relative control efficiency of 47.49%, surpassing that of dufulin and comparable to ningnanmycin. Meanwhile, nutritional quality test results revealed that compound 7c effectively enhanced the disease resistance of Passiflora spp., as evidenced by significant increases in soluble protein, soluble sugar, total phenol, and chlorophyll contents in Passiflora spp. leaves as well as improved the flavor and taste of Passiflora spp. fruits, as demonstrated by notable increases in soluble protein, soluble sugar, soluble solid, and vitamin C contents in Passiflora spp. fruits. Additionally, a transcriptome analysis revealed that compound 7c primarily targeted the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, a crucial plant hormone signal transduction pathway, thereby augmenting resistance against CMV disease in Passiflora spp. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential application of these novel 4-chromanone-derived compounds as effective inducers of plant immunity for controlling CMV disease in Passiflora spp. in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Wu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lu Yu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lingling Xiao
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Light Industry Technical College, Guiyang 550032, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Guizhou Light Industry Technical College, Guiyang 550032, China
| | - Pei Li
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Qiandongnan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of National Medicine, Kaili University, Kaili 556011, China
| | - Bo Mu
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang 550000, China
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Nogueira PL, da Nóbrega Alves D, Queiroga Gomes da Costa PC, Araujo GR, Ferreira AR, Gomes Moura Farias AP, Ferreira de Sousa N, Sobral MV, Pergentino de Sousa D, Scotti MT, Scotti L, Dias de Castro R. Derivative of 7-hydroxycoumarin has antifungal potential against Candida species and low cytotoxicity against human cells: In silico studies and biological evaluation. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1451-1465. [PMID: 38097319 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the antifungal and cytotoxic properties of 7-(pentyloxy)-2H-chromen-2-one. Through molecular docking and dynamics simulations, we explored the compound's interactions with fungal cell protein targets. Notably, it exhibited strong affinities for 1,3β-glucan synthase, squalene epoxidase, δ-14-sterol reductase, 14-α-demethylase, and thymidylate synthase, with binding energies ranging from -100.39 to -73.15 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed its stable binding at active targets. The MIC and MFC values ranged from 67.16 μM (15.6 μg/mL) to 537.28 μM (125.0 μg/mL). The compound displayed promising antifungal effects, inhibiting fungal growth for at least 24 hours. Fungal plasma membrane function alteration likely contributed to these antifungal mechanisms. Additionally, the combination of the compound with nystatin, fluconazole, and caspofungin showed indifferent effects on antifungal activity. Cytotoxicity assessment in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) revealed an IC50 of 100 μM, which was approximately 1.5 times higher than the MIC for C. krusei. Thus, the compound exhibited strongly in silico and in vitro antifungal activity with low cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. These findings support its potential as a candidate for further development as an antifungal compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lima Nogueira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; BrazilHealth Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Danielle da Nóbrega Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; BrazilHealth Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Palloma Christine Queiroga Gomes da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; BrazilHealth Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Gleycyelly Rodrigues Araujo
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Alana Rodrigues Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Gomes Moura Farias
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; BrazilHealth Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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Castanha APM, Almeida-Terassi LM, Guardado-Yordi E, Matos MJ, Maistro EL. Cytogenotoxicity assessment of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxycoumarin on HepG2/C3A cells and leukocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:323-334. [PMID: 36000810 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxycoumarin is a newly synthesized coumarin derivative with a potent antioxidant effect. The aim of the present study is to investigate the safety of this compound, determining the in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in HepG2/C3A cells. Cell viability has been investigated by the trypan blue staining test and MTT assay and the genotoxicity by the comet assay and micronucleus test, using concentrations between 0.01 and 10 μg/ml. The compound proved to be noncytotoxic in both cell lines, at all tested concentrations, protecting the cells from the DNA damage. In addition, this molecule does not show clastogenic/aneugenic effects when performing the micronucleus test with cytokinesis blockade. Based on the obtained data, and the conditions of the experiments, we can conclude that the 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxycoumarin is a safe molecule up to a concentration of 10 μg/ml, which encourages further studies aiming to explore its potential as a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria João Matos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Edson Luis Maistro
- Marilia Medical School, FAMEMA, Marilia, Brazil.,Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Speech and Hearing Therapy Department, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Marília, Brazil
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Steverding D, do Nascimento LG, Perez-Castillo Y, de Sousa DP. Gallic Acid Alkyl Esters: Trypanocidal and Leishmanicidal Activity, and Target Identification via Modeling Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185876. [PMID: 36144611 PMCID: PMC9501172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight gallic acid alkyl esters (1−8) were synthesized via Fischer esterification and evaluated for their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity using bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei and promastigotes of Leishmania major. The general cytotoxicity of the esters was evaluated with human HL-60 cells. The compounds displayed moderate to good trypanocidal but zero to low leishmanicidal activity. Gallic acid esters with alkyl chains of three or four carbon atoms in linear arrangement (propyl (4), butyl (5), and isopentyl (6)) were found to be the most trypanocidal compounds with 50% growth inhibition values of ~3 μM. On the other hand, HL-60 cells were less susceptible to the compounds, thus, resulting in moderate selectivity indices (ratio of cytotoxic to trypanocidal activity) of >20 for the esters 4−6. Modeling studies combining molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the trypanocidal mechanism of action of gallic acid alkyl esters could be related to the inhibition of the T. brucei alternative oxidase. This suggestion is supported by the observation that trypanosomes became immobile within minutes when incubated with the esters in the presence of glycerol as the sole substrate. These results indicate that gallic acid alkyl esters are interesting compounds to be considered for further antitrypanosomal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Steverding
- Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (D.P.d.S.)
| | - Lázaro Gomes do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Yunierkis Perez-Castillo
- Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170516, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Área de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170516, Ecuador
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (D.P.d.S.)
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