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Saboon, Iqbal A, Bibi Y, Afzal T, Sher A, Qayyum A, Akmal M, Almoallim HS, Ansari MJ, Zeng Y. GC-MS based antioxidants characterization in Saussurea heteromalla (D. Don) Hand-Mazz by inhibition of nitric oxide generation in macrophages. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10145. [PMID: 38698070 PMCID: PMC11065987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
For centuries, medicinal plants have served as the cornerstone for traditional health care systems and same practice is still prevalent today. In the Himalayan region, Saussurea heteromalla holds a significant place in traditional medicine and is used to address various health issues. Despite its historical use, little exploration has focused on its potential for scavenging free radicals and reducing inflammation. Hence, our current study aims to investigate the free radical scavenging capabilities of S. heteromalla extracts. The n-hexane extract of entire plant revealed promising activity. This extract underwent extensive extraction on a larger scale. Subsequent purification, employing column chromatography, HPLC-DAD techniques, led to the identification of active compounds, confirmed via GC-MS and the NIST database as 1-O-butyl 2-O-octyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate and 2,4-ditert-butylphenol. Assessing the free radical scavenging properties involved utilizing RAW-264.7 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharides. Notably, the compound 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol exhibited remarkable scavenging abilities, demonstrating over 80% inhibition of Nitric oxide. This study stands as the inaugural report on the isolation of these compounds from S. heteromalla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saboon
- Department of Botany, Women University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Asia Iqbal
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
| | - Tayyiba Afzal
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kozuchowska 5b, PL 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ahmad Sher
- Institute of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Akmal
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Hesham S Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box-60169, 11545, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Bareilly, 244001, India
| | - Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650205, China.
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Bioactive Molecules from Plants: Discovery and Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102116. [PMID: 36297551 PMCID: PMC9608623 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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