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Blackwell JA, Stanford KI. Exercise-induced intertissue communication: adipose tissue and the heart. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 31:100626. [PMID: 36588657 PMCID: PMC9802643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise leads to numerous beneficial whole-body effects and can protect against the development of obesity, cardiometabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of inter-organ crosstalk with a focus on secretory factors that mediate communication among organs, including adipose tissue and the heart. Studies investigating the effects of exercise on brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) demonstrated that adipokines are released in response to exercise and act on the heart to decrease inflammation, alter gene expression, increase angiogenesis, and improve cardiac function. This review discusses the exercise-induced adaptations to BAT and WAT and how these adaptations affect heart health and function, while highlighting the importance of tissue crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade A. Blackwell
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristin I. Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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Zhang Y, Feng S, Cheng X, Lou K, Liu X, Zhuo M, Chen L, Ye J. The potential value of exosomes as adjuvants for novel biologic local anesthetics. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1112743. [PMID: 36778004 PMCID: PMC9909291 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The side effects of anesthetic drugs are a key preoperative concern for anesthesiologists. Anesthetic drugs used for general anesthesia and regional blocks are associated with a potential risk of systemic toxicity. This prompted the use of anesthetic adjuvants to ameliorate these side effects and improve clinical outcomes. However, the adverse effects of anesthetic adjuvants, such as neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal reactions, have raised concerns about their clinical use. Therefore, the development of relatively safe anesthetic adjuvants with fewer side effects is an important area for future anesthetic drug research. Exosomes, which contain multiple vesicles with genetic information, can be released by living cells with regenerative and specific effects. Exosomes released by specific cell types have been found to have similar effects as many local anesthetic adjuvants. Due to their biological activity, carrier efficacy, and ability to repair damaged tissues, exosomes may have a better efficacy and safety profile than the currently used anesthetic adjuvants. In this article, we summarize the contemporary literature about local anesthetic adjuvants and highlight their potential side effects, while discussing the potential of exosomes as novel local anesthetic adjuvant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shangzhi Feng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kecheng Lou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ming Zhuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Li Chen, ; Junming Ye,
| | - Junming Ye
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Li Chen, ; Junming Ye,
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Ng CY, Kee LT, Al-Masawa ME, Lee QH, Subramaniam T, Kok D, Ng MH, Law JX. Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7986. [PMID: 35887332 PMCID: PMC9315612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute vesicles with lipid bilayer membranes. EVs are secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Recently, EVs have received much attention, as they are rich in biological components such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins that play essential roles in tissue regeneration and disease modification. In addition, EVs can be developed as vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases, as the vesicle membrane has an abundance of antigenic determinants and virulent factors. EVs for therapeutic applications are typically collected from conditioned media of cultured cells. However, the number of EVs secreted by the cells is limited. Thus, it is critical to devise new strategies for the large-scale production of EVs. Here, we discussed the strategies utilized by researchers for the scalable production of EVs. Techniques such as bioreactors, mechanical stimulation, electrical stimulation, thermal stimulation, magnetic field stimulation, topographic clue, hypoxia, serum deprivation, pH modification, exposure to small molecules, exposure to nanoparticles, increasing the intracellular calcium concentration, and genetic modification have been used to improve the secretion of EVs by cultured cells. In addition, nitrogen cavitation, porous membrane extrusion, and sonication have been utilized to prepare EV-mimetic nanovesicles that share many characteristics with naturally secreted EVs. Apart from inducing EV production, these upscaling interventions have also been reported to modify the EVs' cargo and thus their functionality and therapeutic potential. In summary, it is imperative to identify a reliable upscaling technique that can produce large quantities of EVs consistently. Ideally, the produced EVs should also possess cargo with improved therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiew Yong Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Li Ting Kee
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Qian Hui Lee
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Thayaalini Subramaniam
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - David Kok
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading No. 1, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
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