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Fu T, Zhang J, Sun R, Huang Y, Xu W, Yang S, Zhu Z, Chen H. Optical neural networks: progress and challenges. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:263. [PMID: 39300063 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence has prevailed in all trades and professions due to the assistance of big data resources, advanced algorithms, and high-performance electronic hardware. However, conventional computing hardware is inefficient at implementing complex tasks, in large part because the memory and processor in its computing architecture are separated, performing insufficiently in computing speed and energy consumption. In recent years, optical neural networks (ONNs) have made a range of research progress in optical computing due to advantages such as sub-nanosecond latency, low heat dissipation, and high parallelism. ONNs are in prospect to provide support regarding computing speed and energy consumption for the further development of artificial intelligence with a novel computing paradigm. Herein, we first introduce the design method and principle of ONNs based on various optical elements. Then, we successively review the non-integrated ONNs consisting of volume optical components and the integrated ONNs composed of on-chip components. Finally, we summarize and discuss the computational density, nonlinearity, scalability, and practical applications of ONNs, and comment on the challenges and perspectives of the ONNs in the future development trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhao Fu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Run Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China
| | - Yuyao Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Sigang Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China.
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Special Issue on Advanced Technique and Future Perspective for Next Generation Optical Fiber Communications. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Optical communication refers to the communication mode with optical signal as a carrier [...]
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