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Almadi L, Jarrar S, Sbaihat L, Issa T, Tucci M, Moretti C, Buonaurio R, Famiani F. No- or Low-Content Copper Compounds for Controlling Venturia oleaginea, the Causal Agent of Olive Leaf Spot Disease. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:600. [PMID: 38475447 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of using a synthetic (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole), copper-based (copper oxychloride) and low-content copper compound (copper complexed with gluconate and lignosulphonate) fungicides for controlling Venturia oleaginea, the causal agent of olive spot disease, was evaluated in an olive (cv. Nabali) orchard located in the Kafr Qud area (Palestine) in 2017-2018. Treatments were applied at three different times (February, April, and August). In January 2017, at the beginning of the experiment, about 90% of the leaves grown in 2016 were infected. Defoliation was determined by counting the leaves on the labeled branches initially and then periodically. It increased gradually in both the control and treated trees, but those treated with azoxystrobin + difenoconazole or with copper complexed with gluconate and lignosulphonate showed a slower defoliation rate. During 2017, new shoots grew and new leaves developed. All treatments reduced the drop of new leaves with respect to the control, with positive effects on the reproductive activity (inflorescence growth and yield). Overall, all treatments significantly reduced the disease, thus indicating the possibility of greatly reducing infections if treatments are regularly applied each year, also with traditional (copper-based) fungicides. Due to their capability of penetrating inside the vegetative tissue, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole or copper complexed with gluconate and lignosulphonate reduced/slowed down the drop of infected leaves. The use of these fungicides is therefore particularly recommended when olive leaf spot disease is severe. The use of low-content copper compounds allows the amount of metallic copper used for the treatments against V. oleaginea to be greatly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Almadi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samer Jarrar
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nablus University for Vocational and Technical Education (NU-VTE), Nablus P400, Palestine
| | - Layth Sbaihat
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Arab American University (AAUP), Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine
| | | | - Michele Tucci
- CIHEAM-Bari-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiaraluce Moretti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Buonaurio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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Vitale A. Epidemiology and Control of Plant Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:793. [PMID: 36840141 PMCID: PMC9962675 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
I am pleased to present this edition of the Special Issue of Plants, dedicated to multifaceted topic of epidemiology and control of plant diseases in agricultural systems [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vitale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 100-95123 Catania, Italy
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Buonaurio R, Almadi L, Famiani F, Moretti C, Agosteo GE, Schena L. Olive leaf spot caused by Venturia oleaginea: An updated review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1061136. [PMID: 36699830 PMCID: PMC9868462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1061136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Olive leaf spot (OLS) caused by Venturia oleaginea is widespread in all olive-growing areas and continents, where can cause severe yield losses. The disease is often underestimated for the difficulty to reveal early leaf symptoms and for the pathogen-induced phylloptosis, which creates the illusion of healthy and restored plants. The present review provide updated information on taxonomy, pathogen life style and cycle, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control. Application of copper-based fungicides is the main method to control OLS. However, the regulation 2009/1107 of the European Commission include these fungicides in the list of substances candidates for substitution. It is therefore urgent to find alternative control strategies especially for organic agriculture. Among new approaches/strategies for controlling OLS, promising results have been obtained using nanotechnology, endophytic microbes, and biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Buonaurio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leen Almadi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiaraluce Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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