Development of the PARMS Marker of the Dominant Genic Male Sterility (DGMS) Line and Its Utilization in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Breeding

Identifcation and fine mapping of qHSW1, a major QTL for hundred-seed weight in mungbean

Mung bean, an important economic crop, is considered a crop with relatively high levels of plant protein constituents and is consumed as both a vegetable and a grain. Among various yield-related traits, hundred-seed weight (HSW) is crucial in determining mung bean production. This study employed a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 200 lines that were genotyped via whole-genome resequencing to exploit genetic potential in the identification of HSW-associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs) across four environments. We identified 5 QTLs for HSW, each explaining 2.46-26.15% of the phenotypic variance. Among these, qHSW1 was mapped on chromosome 1 in all four environments, explaining 16.65-26.15% of the phenotypic variation. Fine mapping and map-based cloning procedures, along with progeny testing of recombinants, aided in narrowing the candidate interval for qHSW1 to 506 kb. This identification of the qHSW1 genomic interval and closely linked markers to qHSW1 could prove valuable in breeding efforts for improved mung bean cultivars with higher seed weight.

Penta-Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System (PARMS) with Direct PCR-Based SNP Marker-Assisted Selection (D-MAS)

The penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system (PARMS) is a high-throughput, low-cost, and automated genotyping assay system that utilizes competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) combined with a homogeneous fluorescence-based reporting system to detect genetic variation occurring at single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). It is flexible in terms of the number of SNPs and samples to be analyzed, and the whole process only needs standard liquid handling, thermal cycling instruments, and plate reading instruments, which are present in many labs. Its compatibility with DNA samples prepared from a variety of sources and extraction technologies, such as alkaline lysis, makes it suitable for a direct PCR-based SNP marker-assisted selection system (D-MAS), a simple, cost- and labor-saving, and robust SNP genotyping system. It combines rapid and high-throughput DNA extraction through modified alkaline lysis with PARMS to dramatically reduce the time of manual operation and result analysis in the molecular breeding of major crops.