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Aliprandi E, Demaria S, Colpo A, Brestič M, Živčak M, Martina A, Pancaldi S, Baldisserotto C, Ferroni L. Thylakoid ultrastructural variations in chlorophyll-deficient wheat: aberrations or structural acclimation? PLANTA 2024; 259:90. [PMID: 38478121 PMCID: PMC10937782 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION A structural re-modeling of the thylakoid system, including granum size and regularity, occurs in chlorophyll-deficient wheat mutants affected by photosynthetic membrane over-reduction. In the chloroplast of land plants, the thylakoid system is defined by appressed grana stacks and unstacked stroma lamellae. This study focuses on the variations of the grana organization occurring in outdoor-grown wheat mutants characterized by low chlorophyll content and a tendency for photosynthetic membrane over-reduction. Triticum aestivum ANK-32A and Triticum durum ANDW-7B were compared to their corresponding WT lines, NS67 and LD222, respectively. Electron micrographs of chloroplasts were used to calculate grana ultrastructural parameters. Photosynthetic parameters were obtained by modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and applying Light Curves (LC) and Rapid Light Curves (RLC) protocols. For each photosynthetic parameter, the difference Δ(RLC-LC) was calculated to evaluate the flexible response to light in the examined lines. In the mutants, fewer and smaller disks formed grana stacks characterized by a marked increase in lateral and cross-sectional irregularity, both negatively correlated with the number of layers per granum. A relationship was found between membrane over-reduction and granum structural irregularity. The possible acclimative significance of a greater proportion of stroma-exposed grana domains in relieving the excess electron pressure on PSI is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Aliprandi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Demaria
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Colpo
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marian Brestič
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marek Živčak
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Angela Martina
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Dainelli M, Castellani MB, Pignattelli S, Falsini S, Ristori S, Papini A, Colzi I, Coppi A, Gonnelli C. Growth, physiological parameters and DNA methylation in Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid exposed to PET micro-nanoplastic contaminated waters. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108403. [PMID: 38290343 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The effects of polyethylene terephthalate micro-nanoplastics (PET-MNPs) were tested on the model freshwater species Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., with focus on possible particle-induced epigenetic effects (i.e. alteration of DNA methylation status). MNPs (size ∼ 200-300 nm) were produced as water dispersions from PET bottles through repeated cycles of homogenization and used to prepare N-medium at two environmentally relevant concentrations (∼0.05 g L-1 and ∼0.1 g L-1 of MNPs). After 10 days of exposure, a reduction in fresh and dry weight was observed in treated plants, even if the average specific growth rate for both frond number and area was not altered. Impaired growth was coupled with a MNP-induced decrease of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (i.e. ΨETo and Piabs, indicators of photochemical efficiency) and starch concentration, as well as with alterations in plant ionomic profile and oxidative status. The methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique was used to assess possible changes in DNA methylation levels induced by plastic particles. The analysis showed unusual hypermethylation in 5'-CCGG sites that could be implicated in DNA protection from dangerous agents (i.e. reactive oxygen species) or in the formation of new epialleles. This work represents the first evidence of MNP-induced epigenetic modifications in the plant world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dainelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Castellani
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sara Pignattelli
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sara Falsini
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Ristori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
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Ferroni L, Živčak M. Photosynthesis under Environmental Fluctuations: A Challenge for Plants, a Challenge for Researchers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4146. [PMID: 38140473 PMCID: PMC10747161 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to cope successfully with environmental fluctuations is a result of their evolution in subaerial environments, where fluctuations in parameters such as temperature, light, and water availability, are the norm and stable states are the exception [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marek Živčak
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
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