1
|
Wang S, Zhou H, He Z, Ma D, Sun W, Xu X, Tian Q. Effects of Drought Stress on Leaf Functional Traits and Biomass Characteristics of Atriplex canescens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2006. [PMID: 39065532 PMCID: PMC11281204 DOI: 10.3390/plants13142006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a critical factor constraining plant growth in arid regions. However, the performance and adaptive mechanism of Atriplex canescens (A. canescens) under drought stress remain unclear. Hence, a three-year experiment with three drought gradients was performed in a common garden, and the leaf functional traits, biomass and biomass partitioning patterns of A. canescens were investigated. The results showed that drought stress had significant effects on A. canescens leaf functional traits. A. canescens maintained the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), but the peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity decreased, and the content of proline (Pro) and soluble sugar (SS) increased only under heavy drought stress. Under drought stress, the leaves became smaller but denser, the specific leaf area (SLA) decreased, but the dry matter content (LDMC) maintained stability. Total biomass decreased 60% to 1758 g under heavy drought stress and the seed and leaf biomass was only 10% and 20% of non-stress group, but there had no significant difference on root biomass. More biomass was allocated to root under drought stress. The root biomass allocation ratio was doubled from 9.62% to 19.81% under heavy drought, and the root/shoot ratio (R/S) increased from 0.11 to 0.25. The MDA was significantly and negatively correlated with biomass, while the SPAD was significantly and positively correlated with total and aboveground organs biomass. The POD, CAT, Pro and SS had significant correlations with root and seed allocation ratio. The leaf morphological traits related to leaf shape and weight had significant correlations with total and aboveground biomass and biomass allocation. Our study demonstrated that under drought stress, A. canescens made tradeoffs between growth potential and drought tolerance and evolved with a conservative strategy. These findings provide more information for an in-depth understanding of the adaption strategies of A. canescens to drought stress and provide potential guidance for planting and sustainable management of A. canescens in arid and semi-arid regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (D.M.); (W.S.); (Q.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (D.M.); (W.S.); (Q.T.)
| | - Zhibin He
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (D.M.); (W.S.); (Q.T.)
| | - Dengke Ma
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (D.M.); (W.S.); (Q.T.)
| | - Weihao Sun
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (D.M.); (W.S.); (Q.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Quanyan Tian
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (S.W.); (H.Z.); (D.M.); (W.S.); (Q.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng Z, Zhu N, Wu H, Li M, Chen J, Yuan X, Li J, Wang Y. Microplastic coupled with soil dissolved organic matter mediated changes in the soil chemical and microbial characteristics. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142361. [PMID: 38761827 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The abundance of microplastics (MPs) in soil environments has attracted significant attentions, due to their impact on soil physico-chemical properties. However, limited information is available on the influences of MPs on soil carbon composition and microbial utilization characteristics. Therefore, a two-month incubation experiment was conducted to add polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) with different levels (1%, 10%) and sizes (150-300 μm and 75-150 μm) into different soils. After that, soil chemical properties including the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and soil microbial characteristics were analyzed. Results revealed that PE-MPs addition caused significant differences in soil chemical properties between farmland and woodland soils, particularly in soil pH, DOM composition, and soil phosphatase activity. Woodland soil always exhibited higher levels of DOC content, microbial diversity, and soil carbon source utilization compared to farmland soil, leading to increased humification in the DOM of woodland soil. PE-MPs with a larger particle size significantly increased both the soil DOC content and enzyme activity. Addition of PE-MPs altered the soil DOM composition, and the fluorescence parameters like the biological index (BIX) and humification degree. Moreover, the carbon source utilization intensity of microorganisms on PE MPs-contaminated soils is higher in woodland soils. Various analyses confirmed that compared to other soil properties, characteristics of soil DOM had a more significant impact on soil microbial community composition. Thus, PE-MPs in conjunction with soil DOM spectral characteristics regulated soil microbial diversity, which is crucial for understanding soil carbon sequestration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ningyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hanzhou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xuyin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jizhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramirez-Builes VH, Küsters J, Thiele E, Lopez-Ruiz JC. Physiological and Agronomical Response of Coffee to Different Nitrogen Forms with and without Water Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1387. [PMID: 38794457 PMCID: PMC11125271 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient in coffee, with a direct impact on productivity, quality, and sustainability. N uptake by the roots is dominated by ammonium (NH4+) and nitrates (NO3-), along with some organic forms at a lower proportion. From the perspective of mineral fertilizer, the most common N sources are urea, ammonium (AM), ammonium nitrates (AN), and nitrates; an appropriate understanding of the right balance between N forms in coffee nutrition would contribute to more sustainable coffee production through the better N management of this important crop. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influences of different NH4-N/NO3-N ratios in coffee from a physiological and agronomical perspective, and their interaction with soil water levels. Over a period of 5 years, three trials were conducted under controlled conditions in a greenhouse with different growing media (quartz sand) and organic soil, with and without water stress, while one trial was conducted under field conditions. N forms and water levels directly influence physiological responses in coffee, including photosynthesis (Ps), chlorophyll content, dry biomass accumulation (DW), nutrient uptake, and productivity. In all of the trials, the plants group in soils with N ratios of 50% NH4-N/50% NO3-N, and 25% NH4-N/75% NO3-N showed better responses to water stress, as well as a higher Ps, a higher chlorophyll content, a higher N and cation uptake, higher DW accumulation, and higher productivity. The soil pH was significantly influenced by the N forms: the higher the NO3--N share, the lower the acidification level. The results allow us to conclude that the combination of 50% NH4-N/50% NO3-N and 25% NH4-N/75% NO3-N N forms in coffee improves the resistance capacity of the coffee to water stress, improves productivity, reduces the soil acidification level, and improves ion balance and nutrient uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Ramirez-Builes
- Center for Plant Nutrition and Environmental Research Hanninghof, Yara International, 48249 Dülmen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Küsters
- Center for Plant Nutrition and Environmental Research Hanninghof, Yara International, 48249 Dülmen, Germany
| | - Ellen Thiele
- Center for Plant Nutrition and Environmental Research Hanninghof, Yara International, 48249 Dülmen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun J, Jin L, Li R, Meng X, Jin N, Wang S, Xu Z, Liu Z, Lyu J, Yu J. Effects of Different Forms and Proportions of Nitrogen on the Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4175. [PMID: 38140502 PMCID: PMC10748299 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Optimal plant growth in many species is achieved when the two major forms of N are supplied at a particular ratio. This study investigated optimal nitrogen forms and ratios for tomato growth using the 'Jingfan 502' tomato variety. Thirteen treatments were applied with varying proportions of nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonium nitrogen (AN), and urea nitrogen (UN). Results revealed that the combination of AN and UN inhibited tomato growth and photosynthetic capacity. Conversely, the joint application of NN and UN or NN and AN led to a significant enhancement in tomato plant growth. Notably, the T12 (75%UN:25%NN) and T4 (75%NN:25%AN) treatments significantly increased the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, thereby promoting the accumulation of photosynthetic products. The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were significantly increased by 121.07%, 206.26%, and 94.64% and by 104.39%, 156.42%, and 61.40%, respectively, compared with those in the control. Additionally, AN favored starch accumulation, while NN and UN favored fructose, sucrose, and glucose accumulation. Gene expression related to nitrogen and sugar metabolism increased significantly in T12 and T4, with T12 showing greater upregulation. Key enzyme activity in metabolism also increased notably. In summary, T12 enhanced tomato growth by upregulating gene expression, increasing enzyme activity, and boosting photosynthesis and sugar accumulation. Growers should consider using NN and UN to reduce AN application in tomato fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Sun
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Ruirui Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shuya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhiqi Xu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zitong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Jinhua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De la Peña M, Ruiz-Romero R, Romero HM. Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Oil Palm Seedlings: Unraveling the Untapped Potential of Elevated External Ammonium Supply. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2819. [PMID: 37570973 PMCID: PMC10421314 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) is an essential nitrogen source for plants, but excessive exposure can trigger stress responses that vary among and within different plant species. This study investigated the phenotypic variations in response to ammonium nutrition in five oil palm genotypes seedlings. Nitrate nutrition was used as a reference for a non-stressful condition, and three different nitrogen concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mM) were examined. Control groups without external nitrogen application were included for each genotype. Several parameters were analyzed, including plant growth, root length, gas exchange, fluorescence, chlorophyll, reducing sugars, amino acids, proteins, and nitrogen uptake. The results revealed a significant genotype effect, particularly between the interspecific OxG hybrid and the Elaeis guinensis genotypes. Ammonium nutrition increased shoot growth in all genotypes compared to nitrate nutrition. Additionally, there was a trend towards increased primary root length, amino acids, proteins, and nitrogen uptake under ammonium supply. These findings are promising, particularly considering the recommendation to use ammonium with inhibitors for environmental sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlon De la Peña
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá 11121, Colombia; (M.D.l.P.); (R.R.-R.)
| | - Rodrigo Ruiz-Romero
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá 11121, Colombia; (M.D.l.P.); (R.R.-R.)
| | - Hernán Mauricio Romero
- Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center—Cenipalma, Bogotá 11121, Colombia; (M.D.l.P.); (R.R.-R.)
- Department of Biology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11132, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duan Y, Yang H, Wei Z, Yang H, Fan S, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W. Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Blackberry Fruit Quality. Foods 2023; 12:2318. [PMID: 37372529 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the optimal form of nitrogen (N) application and to determine the best harvest date for blackberries, different N fertilizers were applied during the critical growth period of blackberry plants. The results showed that NH4+-N significantly improved the appearance of blackberry fruits, including their size, firmness, and color, and promoted the accumulation of soluble solids, sugars, anthocyanin, ellagic acid, and vitamin C (VC), while fruit treated with NO3--N accumulated more flavonoids and organic acids and had improved antioxidant capacity. In addition, the fruit size, firmness, and color brightness decreased with the harvest period. While the contents of sugars, anthocyanin, ellagic acid, flavonoids, and VC were higher in the early harvests and then decreased as the season progressed, the total antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging capacity increased. In all, application of NH4+-N is recommended, as it is more beneficial to fruit appearance, taste, and nutritional quality. Harvests in the early stage help to obtain a good fruit appearance, while harvests in the middle and later stages are more beneficial to fruit taste and quality. This study may help growers to determine the best fertilization scheme for blackberries and choose the appropriate harvest time according to their needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Duan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Sufan Fan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|