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Sharma V, Ali MF, Kawashima T. Insights into dynamic coenocytic endosperm development: Unraveling molecular, cellular, and growth complexity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102566. [PMID: 38830335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The endosperm, a product of double fertilization, is one of the keys to the evolution and success of angiosperms in conquering the land. While there are differences in endosperm development among flowering plants, the most common form is coenocytic growth, where the endosperm initially undergoes nuclear division without cytokinesis and eventually becomes cellularized. This complex process requires interplay among networks of transcription factors such as MADS-box, auxin response factors (ARFs), and phytohormones. The role of cytoskeletal elements in shaping the coenocytic endosperm and influencing seed growth also becomes evident. This review offers a recent understanding of the molecular and cellular dynamics in coenocytic endosperm development and their contributions to the final seed size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijyesh Sharma
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mohammad Foteh Ali
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Pirredda M, Fañanás-Pueyo I, Oñate-Sánchez L, Mira S. Seed Longevity and Ageing: A Review on Physiological and Genetic Factors with an Emphasis on Hormonal Regulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:41. [PMID: 38202349 PMCID: PMC10780731 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Upon storage, seeds inevitably age and lose their viability over time, which determines their longevity. Longevity correlates with successful seed germination and enhancing this trait is of fundamental importance for long-term seed storage (germplasm conservation) and crop improvement. Seed longevity is governed by a complex interplay between genetic factors and environmental conditions experienced during seed development and after-ripening that will shape seed physiology. Several factors have been associated with seed ageing such as oxidative stress responses, DNA repair enzymes, and composition of seed layers. Phytohormones, mainly abscisic acid, auxins, and gibberellins, have also emerged as prominent endogenous regulators of seed longevity, and their study has provided new regulators of longevity. Gaining a thorough understanding of how hormonal signalling genes and pathways are integrated with downstream mechanisms related to seed longevity is essential for formulating strategies aimed at preserving seed quality and viability. A relevant aspect related to research in seed longevity is the existence of significant differences between results depending on the seed equilibrium relative humidity conditions used to study seed ageing. Hence, this review delves into the genetic, environmental and experimental factors affecting seed ageing and longevity, with a particular focus on their hormonal regulation. We also provide gene network models underlying hormone signalling aimed to help visualize their integration into seed longevity and ageing. We believe that the format used to present the information bolsters its value as a resource to support seed longevity research for seed conservation and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pirredda
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Iris Fañanás-Pueyo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Oñate-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Mira
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
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Bizouerne E, Ly Vu J, Ly Vu B, Diouf I, Bitton F, Causse M, Verdier J, Buitink J, Leprince O. Genetic Variability in Seed Longevity and Germination Traits in a Tomato MAGIC Population in Contrasting Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3632. [PMID: 37896095 PMCID: PMC10610530 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The stable production of high vigorous seeds is pivotal to crop yield. Also, a high longevity is essential to avoid progressive loss of seed vigour during storage. Both seed traits are strongly influenced by the environment during seed development. Here, we investigated the impact of heat stress (HS) during fruit ripening on tomato seed lifespan during storage at moderate relative humidity, speed (t50) and homogeneity of germination, using a MAGIC population that was produced under optimal and HS conditions. A plasticity index was used to assess the extent of the impact of HS for each trait. HS reduced the average longevity and germination homogeneity by 50% within the parents and MAGIC population. However, there was a high genetic variability in the seed response to heat stress. A total of 39 QTLs were identified, including six longevity QTLs for seeds from control (3) and HS (3) conditions, and six plasticity QTLs for longevity, with only one overlapping with a longevity QTL under HS. Four out of the six longevity QTL co-located with t50 QTL, revealing hotspots for seed quality traits. Twenty-one QTLs with intervals below 3 cM were analyzed using previous transcriptome and gene network data to propose candidate genes for seed vigour and longevity traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Bizouerne
- Institut Agro, INRAE, University Angers, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (E.B.); (J.L.V.); (B.L.V.); (J.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Joseph Ly Vu
- Institut Agro, INRAE, University Angers, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (E.B.); (J.L.V.); (B.L.V.); (J.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Benoît Ly Vu
- Institut Agro, INRAE, University Angers, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (E.B.); (J.L.V.); (B.L.V.); (J.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Isidore Diouf
- Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Centre de Recherche PACA, INRAE, UR1052, CS60094, 84143 Avignon, France (F.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Frédérique Bitton
- Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Centre de Recherche PACA, INRAE, UR1052, CS60094, 84143 Avignon, France (F.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Mathilde Causse
- Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Centre de Recherche PACA, INRAE, UR1052, CS60094, 84143 Avignon, France (F.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Jérôme Verdier
- Institut Agro, INRAE, University Angers, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (E.B.); (J.L.V.); (B.L.V.); (J.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Julia Buitink
- Institut Agro, INRAE, University Angers, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (E.B.); (J.L.V.); (B.L.V.); (J.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Olivier Leprince
- Institut Agro, INRAE, University Angers, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (E.B.); (J.L.V.); (B.L.V.); (J.V.); (J.B.)
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