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Michalak M. Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15444. [PMID: 37895122 PMCID: PMC10607442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural ingredients have been used for centuries for skin treatment and care. Interest in the health effects of plants has recently increased due to their safety and applicability in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Long-known plant materials as well as newly discovered ones are increasingly being used in natural products of plant origin. This review highlights the beneficial effects of plants and plant constituents on the skin, including moisturizing (e.g., Cannabis sativa, Hydrangea serrata, Pradosia mutisii and Carthamus tinctorius), anti-aging (e.g., Aegopodium podagraria, Euphorbia characias, Premna odorata and Warburgia salutaris), antimicrobial (e.g., Betula pendula and Epilobium angustifolium), antioxidant (e.g., Kadsura coccinea, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rubus idaeus and Spatholobus suberectus), anti-inflammatory (e.g., Antidesma thwaitesianum, Helianthus annuus, Oenanthe javanica, Penthorum chinense, Ranunculus bulumei and Zanthoxylum bungeanum), regenerative (e.g., Aloe vera, Angelica polymorpha, Digitaria ciliaris, Glycyrrihza glabra and Marantodes pumilum), wound healing (e.g., Agrimonia eupatoria, Astragalus floccosus, Bursera morelensis, Jatropha neopauciflora and Sapindus mukorossi), photoprotective (e.g., Astragalus gombiformis, Calea fruticose, Euphorbia characias and Posoqueria latifolia) and anti-tyrosinase activity (e.g., Aerva lanata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Dodonaea viscosa, Lonicera japonica and Schisandra chinensis), as well as their role as excipients in cosmetics (coloring (e.g., Beta vulgaris, Centaurea cyanus, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Rubia tinctiorum), protective and aromatic agents (e.g., Hyssopus officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Pelargonium graveolens and Verbena officinalis)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Michalak
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical College, Jan Kochanowski University, 35-317 Kielce, Poland
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Sobstyl E, Szopa A, Olszowy-Tomczyk M, Gnat S, Jafernik K, Choma IM. Chromatographic and Biological Screening of Chosen Species of Schisandraceae Family: Schisandra chinensis, S. rubriflora, S. sphenanthera, S. henryi and Kadsura japonica. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300741. [PMID: 37694741 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
HPLC and TLC profiling was carried out for leaf and fruit extracts of five Schisandraceae species: Schisandra chinensis, S. rubriflora, S. spehenanthera, S. henryi and Kadsura japonica. HPLC measurements confirmed presence of lignans and phenolic compounds in fruits and leaves of all tested species. The most abundant in lignans was S. chinensis fruit extract in which 15 compounds were detected (e. g.: schisandrol A, schisanhenol, γ-schisandrin, gomisin N). The effect-directed detection, i. e., TLC-direct bioautography against Bacillus subtilis, showed exceptionally high activity for S. chinensis and S. rubriflora fruit extracts. On the other hand, TLC-DB enzyme tests (α-glucosidase, lipase, tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assays) showed that all fruit and leaf extracts have ability to inhibit the above-mentioned enzymes (except for the K. japonica fruit). The leaf extracts showed much stronger antioxidant activity than the fruit ones, which were assessed and compared using both TLC-direct bioautography and spectrophotometric measurements based on ABTS, DPPH and FRAP tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Sobstyl
- Department of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, University of M. Curie-Skłodowska, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk
- Department of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, University of M. Curie-Skłodowska, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Str. 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Jafernik
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna Str. 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Maria Choma
- Department of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, University of M. Curie-Skłodowska, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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Arruda HS, Angolini CFF, Eberlin MN, Pastore GM, Marostica Junior MR. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Profiling of Phytochemicals from Araticum Fruit ( Annona crassiflora Mart.) and Its Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2023; 12:3456. [PMID: 37761165 PMCID: PMC10528599 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Araticum is a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado with a high potential for exploitation. Several studies have stated that araticum is a rich source of phytochemicals with multifaceted biological actions. However, little information is available regarding the characterization of phytochemicals found in the pulp of this fruit. In this context, this study aimed to carry out a comprehensive characterization of phytochemicals present in the araticum pulp using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). The antioxidant potential of araticum pulp was also evaluated. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS profiling of the phytochemicals allowed for the identification and annotation of 139 phytochemicals, including organic acids, jasmonates, iridoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, annonaceous acetogenins, fatty acid derivatives, and other compounds. Among them, 116 compounds have been found for the first time in araticum pulp. Phenolic compounds and their derivatives represented about 59% of the phytochemicals identified in the extract. Moreover, araticum pulp showed high total phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity. The majority of identified phytochemicals have been associated with key roles in the plant's defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stress factors in the Cerrado environment. Furthermore, many of these phytochemicals found in the araticum pulp are already widely recognized for their beneficial effects on human health. Our findings showed that the araticum fruit contains different classes of phytochemicals that exert various biological activities, both in the plant itself and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silvano Arruda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.M.P.); (M.R.M.J.)
| | - Célio Fernando Figueiredo Angolini
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Rua Josué de Castro s/n, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.F.F.A.); (M.N.E.)
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, Santo André 09210-580, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Rua Josué de Castro s/n, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.F.F.A.); (M.N.E.)
- MackMass Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry, School of Engineering, PPGEMN & Mackenzie Institute of Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação 896, São Paulo 01302-907, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.M.P.); (M.R.M.J.)
| | - Mario Roberto Marostica Junior
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.M.P.); (M.R.M.J.)
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Schrieber K, Glüsing S, Peters L, Eichert B, Althoff M, Schwarz K, Erfmeier A, Demetrowitsch T. Population divergence in heat and drought responses of a coastal plant: from metabolic phenotypes to plant morphology and growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4559-4578. [PMID: 37147850 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Studying intraspecific variation in multistress responses is central for predicting and managing the population dynamics of wild plant species under rapid global change. Yet, it remains a challenging goal in this field to integrate knowledge on the complex biochemical underpinnings for the targeted 'non-model' species. Here, we studied divergence in combined drought and heat responses among Northern and Southern European populations of the dune plant Cakile maritima, by combining comprehensive plant phenotyping with metabolic profiling via FT-ICR-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS/MS. We observed pronounced constitutive divergence in growth phenology, leaf functional traits, and defence chemistry (glucosinolates and alkaloids) among population origins. Most importantly, the magnitude of growth reduction under drought was partly weaker in southern plants and associated with divergence in plastic growth responses (leaf abscission) and the modulation of primary and specialized metabolites with known central functions not only in plant abiotic but also in biotic stress responses. Our study indicates that divergent selection has shaped the constitutive and drought-/heat-induced expression of numerous morphological and biochemical functional traits to mediate higher abiotic stress resistance in southern Cakile populations, and highlights that metabolomics can be a powerful tool to explore the underlying mechanisms of local adaptation in 'non-model' species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schrieber
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Ecosystem Research, Division of Geobotany, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Svea Glüsing
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lisa Peters
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Ecosystem Research, Division of Geobotany, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, D-06406 Bernburg (Saale), Germany
| | - Beke Eichert
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Ecosystem Research, Division of Geobotany, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Merle Althoff
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Ecosystem Research, Division of Geobotany, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexandra Erfmeier
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Ecosystem Research, Division of Geobotany, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Demetrowitsch
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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Garg P, Awasthi S, Horne D, Salgia R, Singhal SS. The innate effects of plant secondary metabolites in preclusion of gynecologic cancers: Inflammatory response and therapeutic action. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188929. [PMID: 37286146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers can make up the bulk of cancers in both humans and animals. The stage of diagnosis and the type of tumor, its origin, and its spread are a few of the factors that influence how effectively a treatment modality works. Currently, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are the major treatment options recommended for the eradication of malignancies. The use of several anti-carcinogenic drugs increases the chance of harmful side effects, and patients might not react to the treatments as expected. The significance of the relationship between inflammation and cancer has been underscored by recent research. As a result, it has been shown that a variety of phytochemicals with beneficial bioactive effects on inflammatory pathways have the potential to act as anti-carcinogenic medications for the treatment of gynecologic cancer. The current paper reviews the significance of inflammatory pathways in gynecologic malignancies and discusses the role of plants-derived secondary metabolites that are useful in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Cayman Health, CTMH Doctors Hospital in Cayman Islands, George Town, Grand Cayman, USA
| | - David Horne
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Papaemmanouil CD, Peña-García J, Banegas-Luna AJ, Kostagianni AD, Gerothanassis IP, Pérez-Sánchez H, Tzakos AG. ANTIAGE-DB: A Database and Server for the Prediction of Anti-Aging Compounds Targeting Elastase, Hyaluronidase, and Tyrosinase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112268. [PMID: 36421454 PMCID: PMC9686885 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products bear a multivariate biochemical profile with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumoral properties. Along with their natural sources, they have been widely used both as anti-aging and anti-melanogenic agents due to their effective contribution in the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by oxidative stress. Their anti-aging activity is mainly related to their capacity of inhibiting enzymes like Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE), Hyaluronidase (Hyal) and Tyrosinase (Tyr). Herein, we accumulated literature information (covering the period 1965–2020) on the inhibitory activity of natural products and their natural sources towards these enzymes. To navigate this information, we developed a database and server termed ANTIAGE-DB that allows the prediction of the anti-aging potential of target compounds. The server operates in two axes. First a comparison of compounds by shape similarity can be performed against our curated database of natural products whose inhibitory potential has been established in the literature. In addition, inverse virtual screening can be performed for a chosen molecule against the three targeted enzymes. The server is open access, and a detailed report with the prediction results is emailed to the user. ANTIAGE-DB could enable researchers to explore the chemical space of natural based products, but is not limited to, as anti-aging compounds and can predict their anti-aging potential. ANTIAGE-DB is accessed online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D. Papaemmanouil
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Jorge Peña-García
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Banegas-Luna
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Androniki D. Kostagianni
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Gerothanassis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
- Correspondence: (H.P.-S.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Andreas G. Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (H.P.-S.); (A.G.T.)
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Rodrigues MJ, Custódio L, Mecha D, Zengin G, Cziáky Z, Sotkó G, Pereira CG. Nutritional and Phyto-Therapeutic Value of the Halophyte Cladium mariscus L. (Pohl.): A Special Focus on Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2910. [PMID: 36365362 PMCID: PMC9657221 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work searched for the phyto-therapeutic potential and nutritional value of seeds from the halophyte Cladium mariscus L. (Pohl.), aiming at its use as a source of bioactive ingredients for the food industry. Hence, the nutritional profile, including minerals, of seeds biomass was determined; food-grade samples were prepared, and their phytochemical fingerprinting assessed. Extracts were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant potential, inhibitory capacity towards enzymes related to neuroprotection, diabetes, and hyperpigmentation, and anti-inflammatory properties, along with a toxicological assessment. Sawgrass seeds can be considered a proper nutritional source with a good supply of minerals. All extracts had a high level of total phenolics (65.3−394.4 mg GAE/g DW) and showed a chemically rich and diverse profile of metabolites that have several biological properties described (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory). Extracts had no significant toxicity (cell viabilities > 80%) and were overall strong antioxidants (particularly at radical scavenging and reducing iron), effective tyrosinase inhibitors (55−71 mg KAE/g DW), showed anti-inflammatory properties (30−60% NO decrease), and had moderate capacity to inhibit enzymes related to neuroprotection (AChE 3.7−4.2, BChE 4.3−6.0 mg GALE/g DW) and diabetes (α-glucosidase 1.0−1.1, α-amylase 0.8−1.1 mmol ACAE/g). Altogether, results suggest that sawgrass seeds have the potential to be exploited as a new food product and are a reservoir of bioactive molecules with prospective applications as ingredients for value-added, functional, and/or preservative food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences CCMAR, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences CCMAR, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Débora Mecha
- Centre of Marine Sciences CCMAR, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Gyula Sotkó
- Sotiva Seed Ltd., 4440 Tiszavasvári, Hungary
| | - Catarina Guerreiro Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences CCMAR, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Phytochemical composition, biological propensities, and in-silico studies of Crateva adansonii DC.: A natural source of bioactive compounds. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Gómez-García R, Vilas-Boas AA, Machado M, Campos DA, Aguilar CN, Madureira AR, Pintado M. Impact of simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on bioactive compounds, bioactivity and cytotoxicity of melon (Cucumis melo L. inodorus) peel juice powder. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Synthesis of new halogenated flavonoid-based isoxazoles: in vitro and in silico evaluation of a-amylase inhibitory potential, a SAR analysis and DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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LC-MS Based Analysis and Biological Properties of Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) Harms Extracts: A Valuable Source of Antioxidant, Antifungal, and Antibacterial Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101570. [PMID: 34679706 PMCID: PMC8533236 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of two extraction solvents on the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and enzymes inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of two parts (leaves and stem bark) of P. kotschyi was studied. Two different LC-DAD-MSn approaches were used to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds in the different extracts. A total of thirty-two compounds were quantified, being the procyanidin the most abundant in stem bark while catechin and flavonoids are most abundant in leaves. Overall, the stem bark extraction using methanol showed higher amounts of total phenolic (131.83 ± 1.81 mg GAE/g) and flavanol (14.14 ± 0.11 mg CE/g) while the leaves extraction using water exhibited stronger levels of total flavonoid (44.95 ± 0.38 mg RE/g) and phenolic acid (63.58 ± 2.00 mg CAE/g). As regards the antioxidant assays, methanol stem bark extracts were characterized by the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH: 1.94 ± 0.01 mmol TE/g, ABTS: 3.31 ± 0.01 mmol TE/g, FRAP: 2.86 ± 0.02 mmol TE/g, CUPRAC: 5.09 ± 0.08 mmol TE/g, phosphomolybdenum: 5.16 ± 0.23 mmol TE/g and metal chelating: 17.12 ± 0.46 mg EDTAE/g). In addition, the methanolic extracts of stem bark had highest impact on acetylcholinesterase (2.54 mg GALAE/g), butyrylcholinesterase (5.48 mg GALAE/g). In contrast, the methanolic extracts of leaves was potent against tyrosinase (77.39 ± 0.21 mg KAE/g) and α-glucosidase (0.97 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g), while a higher anti-α–amylase (0.97 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g) was observed for water extracts of the same part. All of the tested extracts showed inhibitory effects on elastase, except methanolic leaves extracts. Additionally, the extracts exhibited appreciable antifungal toward A. ochraceus, A. fumigatus, P. ochrochloron, T. viride, and P. funiculosum and promising antibacterial activity against M. flavus, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, and S. typhimurium. Taken together, the outcomes demonstrated P. kotschyi as a novel source of bioactive molecules of interest with an evident therapeutic value.
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Sarri E, Termentzi A, Abraham EM, Papadopoulos GK, Baira E, Machera K, Loukas V, Komaitis F, Tani E. Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of M. sativa, M. arborea and Their Hybrid (Alborea). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094882. [PMID: 34063053 PMCID: PMC8124458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased soil salinity, and therefore accumulation of ions, is one of the major abiotic stresses of cultivated plants that negatively affect their growth and yield. Among Medicago species, only Medicago truncatula, which is a model plant, has been extensively studied, while research regarding salinity responses of two important forage legumes of Medicago sativa (M. sativa) and Medicago arborea (M. arborea) has been limited. In the present work, differences between M. arborea, M. sativa and their hybrid Alborea were studied regarding growth parameters and metabolomic responses. The entries were subjected to three different treatments: (1) no NaCl application (control plants), (2) continuous application of 100 mM NaCl (acute stress) and (3) gradual application of NaCl at concentrations of 50-75-150 mM by increasing NaCl concentration every 10 days. According to the results, M. arborea maintained steady growth in all three treatments and appeared to be more resistant to salinity. Furthermore, results clearly demonstrated that M. arborea presented a different metabolic profile from that of M. sativa and their hybrid. In general, it was found that under acute and gradual stress, M. sativa overexpressed saponins in the shoots while M. arborea overexpressed saponins in the roots, which is the part of the plant where most of the saponins are produced and overexpressed. Alborea did not perform well, as more metabolites were downregulated than upregulated when subjected to salinity stress. Finally, saponins and hydroxycinnamic acids were key players of increased salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efi Sarri
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Aikaterini Termentzi
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Eleni M. Abraham
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George K. Papadopoulos
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Eirini Baira
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Vassilis Loukas
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Fotios Komaitis
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Tani
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2105294625
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Wang J, Huang L, Ren Q, Wang Y, Zhou L, Fu Y, Sai C, Pella SS, Guo Y, Gao LN. Polysaccharides of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.: Extraction, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8899762. [PMID: 33381217 PMCID: PMC7755497 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8899762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. are a famous traditional Chinese medicinal herb and are also used as health food. However, information about polysaccharides from S. ningpoensis (SNPS) is very limited. We applied the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) process to extract SNPS. The UAE conditions were optimized using single-factor experiments and response surface analysis. Under the optimized conditions of ultrasonic power of 550 W, extraction time of 26 min, and extraction temperature at 50°C, the highest yield of 13.47% ± 1.63% was obtained, which was in accordance with the predicted value of 13.71%. In comparison with traditional hot water extraction, the optimized UAE method significantly increased the extraction yield with lower extraction temperature and shorter extraction time. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant evaluation showed that EC50 values of SNPS were 2.43 ± 0.21, 4.40 ± 0.35, and 0.56 ± 0.062 mg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl free radical, and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, respectively. The anti-inflammatory potential of SNPS was detected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ICR mice. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that SNPS significantly improved LPS-stimulated inflammatory response by decreasing mRNA and protein expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the extraction process of SNPS established in this study is reliable, and SNPS possesses potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which will provide a theoretical basis for guiding the clinical application of S. ningpoensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian'an Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, China
| | - Lufen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, China
- Maternal and Child Health Care Family Planning Service Center, Ju Xian, Shandong 276500, China
| | - Lirun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, China
| | - Yingjie Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, China
| | - Chunmei Sai
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, China
| | - Shafii Shaibu Pella
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, China
| | - Li-Na Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, China
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Mamache W, Amira S, Ben Souici C, Laouer H, Benchikh F. In vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterases, anti-α-amylase, and anti-α-glucosidase effects of Algerian Salvia aegyptiaca and Salvia verbenaca. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13472. [PMID: 33000487 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Salvia aegyptiaca and Salvia verbenaca aerial part decoction and methanol extracts (SAE DE, SAE ME, SVR DE, and SVR ME) were screened for their in vitro antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, and antidiabetic enzymes inhibition activities. The antioxidant properties of Salvia extracts were determined using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, Alkaline DMSO superoxide radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, reducing power, and metal chelating activity assays. All extracts showed high antioxidant capacity and the antioxidant properties with the best performance were detected in the SAE ME and SVR ME. The extracts of S. aegyptiaca and S. verbenaca showed a low inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), whereas, the methanol extract of S. aegyptiaca had the highest inhibitory activity on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (71.60 ± 4.33% for 100 µg/ml) compared to the other extracts. In vitro inhibitory effect on diabetic enzymes showed that the ME inhibited α-amylase enzyme with an IC50 86 and 101 µg/ml for SAE and SVR, respectively. Similarly, both extracts inhibited α-glucosidase with (IC50 97 and 150 µg/ml, respectively). The decoction extracts exhibited lower activity on both enzymes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: It is becoming evident that oxidative stress is involved in several acute and chronic diseases. Counteracting free radical generation has become one of the widest fields of research worldwide. This study deals with the in vitro antioxidant activity of two plants from the Salvia genus as well as the assessment of their in vitro inhibitory properties of four key enzymes implicated in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Concerning the practical applications of our work, it can be explored in its antioxidant part as a food supplement to prevent the excess of free radicals in the body and also in other industrial practices. Another potential use is in the prevention and amelioration of both diabetes and Alzheimer's disease symptoms for the extracts that had enzyme inhibitory activity, but this deserves further toxicological and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Mamache
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Smain Amira
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Chawki Ben Souici
- Centre de Recherche en Biotechnologie (C.R.B.T) Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hocine Laouer
- Laboratory of Valorization of Natural Biological Resources, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Fatima Benchikh
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
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