1
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Liang W, Lopez CG, Richtering W, Wöll D. Photo- and thermo-responsive microgels with supramolecular crosslinks for wavelength tunability of the volume phase transition temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14408-14415. [PMID: 35642955 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00532h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional microgels have powerful applications, especially due to their quick responsiveness to different external stimuli such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, solvent composition and light. Here, we describe the synthesis of novel dual-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels and demonstrate that, in addition to temperature, light changes their properties. The crosslinks inside the microgels were achieved by the host-guest interactions between the trans azobenzene (transAzo) and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) units. transAzo can be photoisomerized to cisAzo which exhibits significant lower binding affinity to βCD. As a consequence, the crosslink density, and thus several microgel properties, can be controlled by light irradiation. Surprisingly, this irradiation with light can significantly change the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) by several degrees centigrade, presumably due to the fact that the polar βCD shields the transAzo bound to it, whereas the unbound cisAzo is rather apolar. As a result, continuous irradiation with specific wavelengths until reaching the respective photostationary state allows for a full control over the VPTT within the physiologically relevant range between 32 °C and 38 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Carlos G Lopez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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2
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Stock S, Jakob F, Röhl S, Gräff K, Kühnhammer M, Hondow N, Micklethwaite S, Kraume M, von Klitzing R. Exploring water in oil emulsions simultaneously stabilized by solid hydrophobic silica nanospheres and hydrophilic soft PNIPAM microgel. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8258-8268. [PMID: 34550151 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00942g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A general drawback of microgels is that they do not stabilize water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions of non-polar oils. Simultaneous stabilization with solid hydrophobic nanoparticles and soft hydrophilic microgels overcomes this problem. For a fundamental understanding of this synergistic effect the use of well defined particle systems is crucial. Therefore, the present study investigates the stabilization of water droplets in a highly non-polar oil phase using temperature responsive, soft and hydrophilic PNIPAM microgel particles (MGs) and solid and hydrophobic silica nanospheres (SNs) simultaneously. The SNs are about 20 times smaller than the MGs. In a multiscale approach the resulting emulsions are studied from the nanoscale particle properties over microscale droplet sizes to macroscopic observations. The synergy of the particles allows the stabilization of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions, which was not possible with MGs alone, and offers a larger internal interface than the stabilization with SNs alone. Furthermore, the incorporation of hydrophilic MGs into a hydrophobic particle layer accelerates the emulsions sedimentation speed. Nevertheless, the droplets are still sufficiently protected against coalescence even in the sediment and can be redispersed by gentle shaking. Based on droplet size measurements and cryo-SEM studies we elaborate a model, which explains the found phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stock
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Franziska Jakob
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Susanne Röhl
- Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Gräff
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kühnhammer
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Nicole Hondow
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Matthias Kraume
- Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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3
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Schulz JM, Petzold M, Böhm L, Kraume M. Tropfenbewegung und Stofftransport in technischen Flüssig/flüssig‐Systemen. Teil 2: Auswirkung von Grenzflächeneffekten und Verunreinigungen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joschka M. Schulz
- Technische Universität Berlin Fachgebiet Verfahrenstechnik Ackerstraße 76 13355 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Marc Petzold
- Technische Universität Berlin Fachgebiet Verfahrenstechnik Ackerstraße 76 13355 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Lutz Böhm
- Technische Universität Berlin Fachgebiet Verfahrenstechnik Ackerstraße 76 13355 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Matthias Kraume
- Technische Universität Berlin Fachgebiet Verfahrenstechnik Ackerstraße 76 13355 Berlin Deutschland
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4
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Jung F, Ksiazkiewicz A, Mhamdi A, Pich A, Mitsos A. Model-Based Optimization of Microgel Synthesis in the μm Size Range. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Falco Jung
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Adel Mhamdi
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- JARA-SOFT, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- JARA-SOFT, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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5
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Prieto JL. Viscoelastic Effects on Drop Deformation Using a Machine Learning-Enhanced, Finite Element method. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081652. [PMID: 32722371 PMCID: PMC7464509 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a numerical study of the viscoelastic effects on drop deformation under two configurations of interest: steady shear flow and complex flow under gravitational effects. We use a finite element method along with Brownian dynamics simulation techniques that avoid the use of closed-form, constitutive equations for the “micro-”scale, studying the viscoelastic effects on drop deformation using an interface capturing technique. The method can be enhanced with a variance-reduced approach to the stochastic modeling, along with machine learning techniques to reconstruct the shape of the polymer stress tensor in complex problems where deformations can be dramatic. The results highlight the effects of viscoelasticity on shape, the polymer stress tensor, and flow streamlines under the analyzed configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Prieto
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Schneider S, Jung F, Mergel O, Lammertz J, Nickel AC, Caumanns T, Mhamdi A, Mayer J, Mitsos A, Plamper FA. Model-based design and synthesis of ferrocene containing microgels. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00494g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modelling and synthesis go hand in hand to efficiently engineer copolymer microgels with various architectures: core–shell structures (with ferrocene mainly in the core or in the shell) and also microgels with homogeneous comonomer distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Falco Jung
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Olga Mergel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40
- University of Groningen
- University Medical Center Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Janik Lammertz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Anne C. Nickel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Tobias Caumanns
- GFE Central Facility for Electron Microscopy
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Adel Mhamdi
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Joachim Mayer
- GFE Central Facility for Electron Microscopy
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
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7
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Bochenek S, Scotti A, Ogieglo W, Fernández-Rodríguez MÁ, Schulte MF, Gumerov RA, Bushuev NV, Potemkin II, Wessling M, Isa L, Richtering W. Effect of the 3D Swelling of Microgels on Their 2D Phase Behavior at the Liquid-Liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16780-16792. [PMID: 31782927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate soft, temperature-sensitive microgels at fluid interfaces. Though having an isotropic, spherical shape in bulk solution, the microgels become anisotropic upon adsorption. The structure of microgels at interfaces is described by a core-corona morphology. Here, we investigate how changing temperature across the microgel volume phase transition temperature, which leads to swelling/deswelling of the microgels in the aqueous phase, affects the phase behavior within the monolayer. We combine compression isotherms, atomic force microscopy imaging, multiwavelength ellipsometry, and computer simulations. At low compression, the interaction between adsorbed microgels is dominated by their highly stretched corona and the phase behavior of the microgel monolayers is the same. The polymer segments within the interface lose their temperature-sensitivity because of the strong adsorption to the interface. At high compression, however, the portions of the microgels that are located in the aqueous side of the interface become relevant and prevail in the microgel interactions. These portions are able to collapse and, consequently, the isostructural phase transition is altered. Thus, the temperature-dependent swelling perpendicular to the interface ("3D") affects the compressibility parallel to the interface ("2D"). Our results highlight the distinctly different behavior of soft, stimuli-sensitive microgels as compared to rigid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Bochenek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Andrea Scotti
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Wojciech Ogieglo
- Chemical Process Engineering , RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstrasse 51 , 52064 Aachen , Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - M Friederike Schulte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Rustam A Gumerov
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstrasse 50 , Aachen 52056 , Germany
| | - Nikita V Bushuev
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstrasse 50 , Aachen 52056 , Germany
- National Research South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk 454080 , Russian Federation
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Chemical Process Engineering , RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstrasse 51 , 52064 Aachen , Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstrasse 50 , Aachen 52056 , Germany
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
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8
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Faulde M, Tonn J, Jupke A. Microgels for the Intensification of Liquid‐Liquid Extraction Processes – Feasibility and Advantages. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Faulde
- RWTH Aachen UniversityFluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT) Forckenbeckstrasse 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Josia Tonn
- RWTH Aachen UniversityFluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT) Forckenbeckstrasse 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- RWTH Aachen UniversityFluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT) Forckenbeckstrasse 51 52074 Aachen Germany
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9
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Siemes E, Nevskyi O, Sysoiev D, Turnhoff SK, Oppermann A, Huhn T, Richtering W, Wöll D. Nanoscopic Visualization of Cross-Linking Density in Polymer Networks with Diarylethene Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12280-12284. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Siemes
- Institute for Physical Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Oleksii Nevskyi
- Institute for Physical Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Dmytro Sysoiev
- Department of Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Sarah K. Turnhoff
- Institute for Physical Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alex Oppermann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Department of Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute for Physical Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute for Physical Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
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10
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Siemes E, Nevskyi O, Sysoiev D, Turnhoff SK, Oppermann A, Huhn T, Richtering W, Wöll D. Nanoskopische Bildgebung der Vernetzungsdichte in Polymernetzwerken mittels Diarylethen-Photoschaltern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Siemes
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Oleksii Nevskyi
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Dmytro Sysoiev
- Fachbereich Chemie; Universität Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10 78464 Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Sarah K. Turnhoff
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Alex Oppermann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Fachbereich Chemie; Universität Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10 78464 Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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