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Magallanes-Vallejo AG, López-Oyama AB, González ER, Del Angel-López D, Pulido-Barragán EU, García-Guendulain C, Madera-Santana TJ, Rodríguez-Beas C, Gámez-Corrales R. Study of the Influence of Chitosan-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes on Biopolymer Film Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2025; 17:889. [PMID: 40219279 PMCID: PMC11991639 DOI: 10.3390/polym17070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Due to their biocompatibility and non-toxicity, biopolymer-based films hold significant importance in bioengineering. It is imperative to comprehend the influence of chitosan molecular weight and filler materials nature on the crystalline structure and their subsequent effect on film properties. The aim of this research was to determine how carbon nanotubes embedded within chitosan can significantly improve the performance of biopolymer-based films produced by the solvent-casting technique. Four probe measurements demonstrated that films of medium-molecular-weight chitosan/carbon nanotubes displayed an electrical conductivity value of 0.0132 S cm-1, resulting in films with a low sheet resistance value of 0.0156 mΩ/Υ. Based on XRD findings, it has been demonstrated that films containing carbon nanotubes have shifted the (002) plane of chitosan towards higher angles, favoring chitosan crystal form II, which could be responsible for the enhanced mechanical performance. Structural characteristics, such as lattice strain (e), grain size (D), and dislocation density, have been calculated using the Williamson-Hall method, in which the medium-molecular-weight chitosan/CNTs film samples displayed the best crystalline quality. SEM images revealed nanotube diameters ranging in size from 140 to 300 nm, suggesting that the chitosan was effectively wrapped along carbon nanotubes. Our results indicate that developing chitosan-wrapped carbon nanotube films introduces them as potential materials for bioengineering and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora G. Magallanes-Vallejo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada-Unidad Altamira, Km 14.5 Carr, Tampico-Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (A.G.M.-V.); (D.D.A.-L.); (E.U.P.-B.)
| | - Ana B. López-Oyama
- Departamento de Investigación en Física (DIFUS), Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Transversal S/N, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
- Secihti-DIFUS, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Transversal S/N, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Rodríguez González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada-Unidad Altamira, Km 14.5 Carr, Tampico-Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (A.G.M.-V.); (D.D.A.-L.); (E.U.P.-B.)
| | - Deyanira Del Angel-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada-Unidad Altamira, Km 14.5 Carr, Tampico-Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (A.G.M.-V.); (D.D.A.-L.); (E.U.P.-B.)
| | - Eder U. Pulido-Barragán
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada-Unidad Altamira, Km 14.5 Carr, Tampico-Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (A.G.M.-V.); (D.D.A.-L.); (E.U.P.-B.)
| | | | - Tomás J. Madera-Santana
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carr. Gustavo E. Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - César Rodríguez-Beas
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Transversal S/N, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (C.R.-B.)
| | - Rogelio Gámez-Corrales
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Transversal S/N, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (C.R.-B.)
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2
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Ran F, Mu K, Liu G, Liu Y, Pang Y, Feng G, Zhou L, Peng L. Preparation, Characterization, and Wound Healing Promotion of Hydrogels Containing Glucosyloxybenzyl 2-Isobutylmalates Extract from Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10563. [PMID: 39408888 PMCID: PMC11476415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived medicinal materials have significant potential and promising applications in wound healing and skin regeneration. This study aims to develop a plant-based extract hydrogel from Bletilla striata (Thunb.Reichb.f.), specifically a glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalates extract (B), and characterize its potential effects on wound healing. We synthesized the hydrogel using carbomer (C), glycerol (G), and triethanolamine (T) as the matrix, incorporating B into the hydrogel base, and evaluated its physical and chemical properties. In vitro tests assessed the biocompatibility of the glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalates-carbomer-glycerol-triethanolamine (B-CGT) hydrogel and its effects on cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Animal model experiments evaluated its potential to promote wound healing. The results showed that the prepared B-CGT hydrogel possessed a good three-dimensional network structure and stability, demonstrating significant free radical scavenging capacity in antioxidant tests. In cell experiments, the B-CGT hydrogel exhibited no potential cytotoxicity and showed good hemocompatibility and promotion of cell proliferation. Animal experiments indicated that wounds treated with the B-CGT hydrogel healed significantly faster, with improved formation of new epithelial tissue and collagen. This study suggests that the developed B-CGT hydrogel is a promising candidate for wound dressings, with excellent physicochemical properties and controlled drug release capabilities, effectively promoting the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.R.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (G.F.); (L.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Yuchen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.R.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (G.F.); (L.Z.); (L.P.)
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3
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Yang Z, Zhu Y, Tan X, Gunjal SJJ, Dewapriya P, Wang Y, Xin R, Fu C, Liu K, Macintosh K, Sprague LG, Leung L, Hopkins TE, Thomas KV, Guo J, Whittaker AK, Zhang C. Fluoropolymer sorbent for efficient and selective capturing of per- and polyfluorinated compounds. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8269. [PMID: 39333086 PMCID: PMC11436832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have gained widespread attention due to their adverse effects on health and environment. Developing efficient technology to capture PFAS from contaminated sources remains a great challenge. In this study, we introduce a type of reusable polymeric sorbent (PFPE-IEX + ) for rapid, efficient, and selective removal of multiple PFAS impurities from various contaminated water sources. The resin achieves >98% removal efficiency ([PFPE-IEX + ] = 0.5-5 mg mL-1, [PFAS]0 = 1-10 ppb in potable water and landfill leachate) and >500 mg g-1 sorption capacity for the 11 types of examined PFAS. We achieve efficient PFAS removal without breakthrough and subsequent resin regeneration and demonstrate good PFAS recovery in a proof-of-concept cartridge setup. The outcomes of this study offer valuable guidance to the design of platforms for efficient and selective PFAS capture from contaminated water, such as drinking water and landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojing Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yutong Zhu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiao Tan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Samruddhi Jayendra Jayendra Gunjal
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pradeep Dewapriya
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Level 4, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ruijing Xin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Changkui Fu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kehan Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Katie Macintosh
- City of Gold Coast 833 Southport Nerang Rd, Nerang, QLD 4211, Australia
| | - Lee G Sprague
- The Chemours Company, Chemours Discovery Hub, 201 Discovery Boulevard, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Lam Leung
- The Chemours Company, Chemours Discovery Hub, 201 Discovery Boulevard, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Timothy E Hopkins
- The Chemours Company, Chemours Discovery Hub, 201 Discovery Boulevard, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Level 4, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Green Electrochemical Transformation of Carbon Dioxide, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- The Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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4
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Karibayev M, Myrzakhmetov B, Bekeshov D, Wang Y, Mentbayeva A. Atomistic Modeling of Quaternized Chitosan Head Groups: Insights into Chemical Stability and Ion Transport for Anion Exchange Membrane Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:3175. [PMID: 38999128 PMCID: PMC11243541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical stability and ion transport properties of quaternized chitosan (QCS)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were explored using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. DFT calculations of LUMO energies, reaction energies, and activation energies revealed an increasing stability trend among the head groups: propyl trimethyl ammonium chitosan (C) < oxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chitosan (B) < 2-hydroxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chitosan (A) at hydration levels (HLs) of 0 and 3. Subsequently, all-atom MD simulations evaluated the diffusion of hydroxide ions (OH-) through mean square displacement (MSD) versus time curves. The diffusion coefficients of OH- ions for the three types of QCS (A, B, and C) were observed to increase monotonically with HLs ranging from 3 to 15 and temperatures from 298 K to 350 K. Across different HLs and temperatures, the three QCS variants exhibited comparable diffusion coefficients, underlining their effectiveness in vehicular transport of OH- ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirat Karibayev
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bauyrzhan Myrzakhmetov
- Center for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dias Bekeshov
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Center for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Almagul Mentbayeva
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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5
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González-Martínez JR, López-Oyama AB, Del Ángel-López D, García-Guendulain C, Rodríguez-González E, Pulido-Barragan EU, Barffuson-Domínguez F, Magallanes-Vallejo AG, Mogica-Cantú PJ. Influence of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes on the Structural, Electrical, and Photoluminescent Properties of Chitosan Films. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1827. [PMID: 39000683 PMCID: PMC11243828 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a biopolymer with unique properties that have attracted considerable attention in various scientific fields in recent decades. Although chitosan is known for its poor electrical and mechanical properties, there is interest in producing chitosan-based materials reinforced with carbon-based materials to impart exceptional properties such as high electrical conductivity and high Young's modulus. This study describes the synergistic effect of carbon-based materials, such as reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes, in improving the electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of chitosan-based films. Our findings demonstrate that the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide influences the crystallinity of chitosan, which considerably impacts the mechanical properties of the films. However, the incorporation of a reduced graphene oxide-carbon nanotube complex not only significantly improves the mechanical properties but also significantly improves the optical and electrical properties, as was demonstrated from the photoluminescence studies and resistivity measurements employing the four-probe technique. This is a promising prospect for the synthesis of new materials, such as biopolymer films, with potential applications in optical, electrical, and biomedical bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús R. González-Martínez
- Departamento de Investigación en Física (DIFUS), Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Transversal S/N., Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Ana B. López-Oyama
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Altamira del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 14.5 Carr. Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (D.D.Á.-L.); (E.R.-G.); (E.U.P.-B.); (A.G.M.-V.); (P.J.M.-C.)
- Conahcyt-Cicata Unidad Altamira, IPN. Km. 14.5 Carretera Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Deyanira Del Ángel-López
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Altamira del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 14.5 Carr. Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (D.D.Á.-L.); (E.R.-G.); (E.U.P.-B.); (A.G.M.-V.); (P.J.M.-C.)
| | - Crescencio García-Guendulain
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Blvd. Petrocel Km. 1.3, Altamira 89603, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Rodríguez-González
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Altamira del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 14.5 Carr. Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (D.D.Á.-L.); (E.R.-G.); (E.U.P.-B.); (A.G.M.-V.); (P.J.M.-C.)
| | - Eder U. Pulido-Barragan
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Altamira del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 14.5 Carr. Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (D.D.Á.-L.); (E.R.-G.); (E.U.P.-B.); (A.G.M.-V.); (P.J.M.-C.)
- Conahcyt-Cicata Unidad Altamira, IPN. Km. 14.5 Carretera Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Felipe Barffuson-Domínguez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Transversal S/N., Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Aurora G. Magallanes-Vallejo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Altamira del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 14.5 Carr. Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (D.D.Á.-L.); (E.R.-G.); (E.U.P.-B.); (A.G.M.-V.); (P.J.M.-C.)
| | - Pablo J. Mogica-Cantú
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Altamira del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 14.5 Carr. Puerto Industrial, Altamira 89600, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (D.D.Á.-L.); (E.R.-G.); (E.U.P.-B.); (A.G.M.-V.); (P.J.M.-C.)
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Seleka WM, Ramohlola KE, Modibane KD, Makhado E. Quaternary conducting Cs/GO/PANi hydrogel composites: A smart material for room temperature hydrogen sensing. DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS 2024; 146:111156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
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7
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Myrzakhmetov B, Akhmetova A, Bissenbay A, Karibayev M, Pan X, Wang Y, Bakenov Z, Mentbayeva A. Review: chitosan-based biopolymers for anion-exchange membrane fuel cell application. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230843. [PMID: 38026010 PMCID: PMC10645128 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have gained significant attention in fuel cell applications owing to their numerous benefits, such as environmental friendliness, flexibility for structural alteration, and improved mechanical, thermal and chemical durability. This study aims to enhance the cell performance of CS-based AEMs by addressing key factors including mechanical stability, ionic conductivity, water absorption and expansion rate. While previous reviews have predominantly focused on CS as a proton-conducting membrane, the present mini-review highlights the advancements of CS-based AEMs. Furthermore, the study investigates the stability of cationic head groups grafted to CS through simulations. Understanding the chemical properties of CS, including the behaviour of grafted head groups, provides valuable insights into the membrane's overall stability and performance. Additionally, the study mentions the potential of modern cellulose membranes for alkaline environments as promising biopolymers. While the primary focus is on CS-based AEMs, the inclusion of cellulose membranes underscores the broader exploration of biopolymer materials for fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauyrzhan Myrzakhmetov
- Center for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aktilek Akhmetova
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aiman Bissenbay
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mirat Karibayev
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Xuemiao Pan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Center for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhumabay Bakenov
- Center for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Almagul Mentbayeva
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Phonrachom O, Charoensuk P, Kiti K, Saichana N, Kakumyan P, Suwantong O. Potential use of propolis-loaded quaternized chitosan/pectin hydrogel films as wound dressings: Preparation, characterization, antibacterial evaluation, and in vitro healing assay. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124633. [PMID: 37119912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Quaternized chitosan (QCS) was blended with pectin (Pec) to improve water solubility and antibacterial activity of the hydrogel films. Propolis was also loaded into hydrogel films to improve wound healing ability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize the propolis-loaded QCS/Pec hydrogel films for use as wound dressing materials. The morphology, mechanical properties, adhesiveness, water swelling, weight loss, release profiles, and biological activities of the hydrogel films were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) investigation indicated a homogenous smooth surface of the hydrogel films. The blending of QCS and Pec increased tensile strength and Young's modulus values of the hydrogel films. Moreover, the blending of QCS and Pec improved the stability of the hydrogel films in the medium and controlled the release characteristics of propolis from the hydrogel films. The antioxidant activity of the released propolis from the propolis-loaded hydrogel films was ~21-36 %. The propolis-loaded QCS/Pec hydrogel films showed the bacterial growth inhibition, especially against S. aureus and S. pyogenes. The propolis-loaded hydrogel films were non-toxicity to mouse fibroblast cell line (NCTC clone 929) and supported the wound closure. Therefore, the propolis-loaded QCS/Pec hydrogel films might be good candidates for use as wound dressing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kitipong Kiti
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Natsaran Saichana
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Orawan Suwantong
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
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9
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Pașcu D, Nechifor AC, Grosu VA, Oprea OC, Tanczos SK, Man GT, Dumitru F, Grosu AR, Nechifor G. Hydrogen Sulphide Sequestration with Metallic Ions in Acidic Media Based on Chitosan/sEPDM/Polypropylene Composites Hollow Fiber Membranes System. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:350. [PMID: 36984736 PMCID: PMC10057485 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the preparation and characterization of composite membranes based on chitosan (Chi), sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (sEPDM), and polypropylene (PPy), and designed to capture hydrogen sulfide. The Chi/sEPDM/PPy composite membranes were prepared through controlled evaporation of a toluene dispersion layer of Chi:sEPDM 1;1, w/w, deposited by immersion and under a slight vacuum (100 mmHg) on a PPy hollow fiber support. The composite membranes were characterized morphologically, structurally, and thermally, but also from the point of view of their performance in the process of hydrogen sulfide sequestration in an acidic media solution with metallic ion content (Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and/or Zn2+). The operational parameters of the pertraction were the pH, pM, matrix gas flow rate, and composition. The results of pertraction from synthetic gases mixture (nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide) indicated an efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide through the prepared composite membranes, as well as its immobilization as sulfides. The sequestration and the recuperative separation, as sulfides from an acid medium, of the hydrogen sulfide reached up to 96%, decreasing in the order: CuS > PbS > CdS > ZnS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru Pașcu
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad-Alexandru Grosu
- Department of Electronic Technology and Reliability, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 061071 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Cristian Oprea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Szidonia-Katalin Tanczos
- Department of Bioengineering, University Sapientia of Miercurea-Ciuc, 500104 Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania
| | - Geani Teodor Man
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florina Dumitru
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Raluca Grosu
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Neblea IE, Chiriac AL, Zaharia A, Sarbu A, Teodorescu M, Miron A, Paruch L, Paruch AM, Olaru AG, Iordache TV. Introducing Semi-Interpenetrating Networks of Chitosan and Ammonium-Quaternary Polymers for the Effective Removal of Waterborne Pathogens from Wastewaters. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1091. [PMID: 36904332 PMCID: PMC10007103 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to study the influence of ammonium-quaternary monomers and chitosan, obtained from different sources, upon the effect of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels upon the removal of waterborne pathogens and bacteria from wastewater. To this end, the study was focused on using vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC), a water-soluble monomer with known antibacterial properties, and mineral-enriched chitosan extracted from shrimp shells, to prepare the semi-IPNs. By using chitosan, which still contains the native minerals (mainly calcium carbonate), the study intends to justify that the stability and efficiency of the semi-IPN bactericidal devices can be modified and better improved. The new semi-IPNs were characterized for composition, thermal stability and morphology using well-known methods. Swelling degree (SD%) and the bactericidal effect assessed using molecular methods revealed that hydrogels made of chitosan derived from shrimp shell demonstrated the most competitive and promising potential for wastewater (WW) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia E. Neblea
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anita-L. Chiriac
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anamaria Zaharia
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Sarbu
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Miron
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lisa Paruch
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Oluf Thesens vei 43, 1433 Aas, Norway
| | - Adam M. Paruch
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Oluf Thesens vei 43, 1433 Aas, Norway
| | - Andreea G. Olaru
- S.C. EDAS-EXIM S.R.L., Banat Street 23, 010933 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tanta-V. Iordache
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Vijayakumar V, Nam SY. A Review of Recent Chitosan Anion Exchange Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1265. [PMID: 36557172 PMCID: PMC9783247 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the critical energy challenges and the generation of zero-emission anion exchange membrane (AEM) sources, chitosan-based anion exchange membranes have garnered considerable interest in fuel cell applications owing to their various advantages, including their eco-friendly nature, flexibility for structural modification, and improved mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability. The present mini-review highlights the advancements of chitosan-based biodegradable anion exchange membranes for fuel cell applications published between 2015 and 2022. Key points from the rigorous literature evaluation are: grafting with various counterions in addition to crosslinking contributed good conductivity and chemical as well as mechanical stability to the membranes; use of the interpenetrating network as well as layered structures, blending, and modified nanomaterials facilitated a significant reduction in membrane swelling and long-term alkaline stability. The study gives insightful guidance to the industry about replacing Nafion with a low-cost, environmentally friendly membrane source. It is suggested that more attention be given to exploring chitosan-based anion exchange membranes in consideration of effective strategies that focus on durability, as well as optimization of the operational conditions of fuel cells for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalekshmi Vijayakumar
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Nam
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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12
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Akhmetova A, Myrzakhmetov B, Wang Y, Bakenov Z, Mentbayeva A. Development of Quaternized Chitosan Integrated with Nanofibrous Polyacrylonitrile Mat as an Anion-Exchange Membrane. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45371-45380. [PMID: 36530230 PMCID: PMC9753170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A two-phase anion-exchange membrane was prepared from quaternized chitosan (QCS) integrated with an electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) scaffold by spin coating. To synthesize QCS, glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride in various amounts was introduced into the structure of CS. The characterization of the cast cross-linked QCS (CQCS) membranes by impedance spectroscopy revealed the ionic conductivity (IC) in the range of 2.8 × 10-4 to 8.2 × 10-4 S cm-1 and the degree of quaternization (DQ) of 26.4-51.0%, where the CQCS film with the DQ of 51.0% showed excellent performance. When CQCS was reinforced with a PAN fiber mat, the newly developed composite membrane demonstrated the highest IC of 34 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 80 °C, low swelling, and an almost eightfold increase in tensile strength at a fully hydrated state compared to pristine materials. Moreover, the CQCS/PAN membrane was chemically stable and revealed increasing hydroxide transport during 1 month immersion in alkaline media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aktilek Akhmetova
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital
Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bauyrzhan Myrzakhmetov
- Center
for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital
Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
- Center
for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhumabay Bakenov
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital
Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
- Center
for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Almagul Mentbayeva
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital
Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
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13
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Electrospun Poly(Styrene−Co−Vinylbenzyl Chloride−Co−Acrylonitrile) Nanofiber Mat as an Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163236. [PMID: 36015495 PMCID: PMC9416048 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanofiber mat of styrene−co−vinylbenzyl chloride−co−acrylonitrile copolymer as an anion exchange membrane (AEM) was synthesized via the electrospinning of organic reaction mixtures. The synthesized membranes were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy for structural analysis. The AEM demonstrated a high ionic conductivity mainly due to the phase segregation in the membrane structure, as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The membrane properties such as water uptake, swelling ratio, and ion exchange capacity, as well as ionic conductivity, varied with the chemical composition. With the molar ratio of styrene, vinylbenzyl chloride, and acrylonitrile at 3:5:2, the highest ionic conductivity of 0.214 S cm−1 at 80 °C was observed. Additionally, the AEM retained 94% of original conductivity after 72 h of soaking in 1 M KOH solution.
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14
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Mumtaz S, Ali S, Mumtaz S, Mughal TA, Tahir HM, Shakir HA. Chitosan conjugated silver nanoparticles: the versatile antibacterial agents. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Importance of Hydroxide Ion Conductivity Measurement for Alkaline Water Electrolysis Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060556. [PMID: 35736263 PMCID: PMC9229372 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) refers to a representative water electrolysis technology that applies electricity to synthesize hydrogen gas without the production of carbon dioxide. The ideal polymer electrolyte membranes for AWE should be capable of transporting hydroxide ions (OH−) quickly in harsh alkaline environments at increased temperatures. However, there has not yet been any desirable impedance measurement method for estimating hydroxide ions’ conduction behavior across the membranes, since their impedance spectra are significantly affected by connection modes between electrodes and membranes in the test cells and the impedance evaluation environments. Accordingly, the measurement method suitable for obtaining precise hydroxide ion conductivity values through the membranes should be determined. For this purpose, Zirfon®, a state-of-the-art AWE membrane, was adopted as the standard membrane sample to perform the impedance measurement. The impedance spectra were acquired using homemade test cells with different electrode configurations in alkaline environments, and the corresponding hydroxide ion conductivity values were determined based on the electrochemical spectra. Furthermore, a modified four-probe method was found as an optimal measurement method by comparing the conductivity obtained under alkaline conditions.
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16
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Becerra-Arciniegas RA, Narducci R, Ercolani G, Pasquini L, Knauth P, Di Vona ML. Aliphatic Anion Exchange Ionomers with Long Spacers and No Ether Links by Ziegler-Natta Polymerization: Properties and Alkaline Stability. Molecules 2022; 27:395. [PMID: 35056709 PMCID: PMC8780620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we report the synthesis of poly(vinylbenzylchloride-co-hexene) copolymer grafted with N,N-dimethylhexylammonium groups to study the effect of an aliphatic backbone without ether linkage on the ionomer properties. The copolymerization was achieved by the Ziegler-Natta method, employing the complex ZrCl4 (THF)2 as a catalyst. A certain degree of crosslinking with N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) was introduced with the aim of avoiding excessive swelling in water. The resulting anion exchange polymers were characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR, TGA, and ion exchange capacity (IEC) measurements. The ionomers showed good alkaline stability; after 72 h of treatment in 2 M KOH at 80 °C the remaining IEC of 76% confirms that ionomers without ether bonds are less sensitive to a SN2 attack and suggests the possibility of their use as a binder in a fuel cell electrode formulation. The ionomers were also blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The water uptake of the blend membranes was around 110% at 25 °C. The ionic conductivity at 25 °C in the OH- form was 29.5 mS/cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Andres Becerra-Arciniegas
- Department of Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy;
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, MADIREL (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Campus St Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France; (L.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Riccardo Narducci
- Department of Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy;
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, MADIREL (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Campus St Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France; (L.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Philippe Knauth
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, MADIREL (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Campus St Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France; (L.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Maria Luisa Di Vona
- Department of Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy;
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17
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Li Z, Chen J, Zhou J, Nie Y, Shen C, Gao S. Trimethyl-Ammonium Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes with the Vinylbenzyl Chloride/Acrylonitrile Main Chain. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Effect of Co 3O 4 Nanoparticles on Improving Catalytic Behavior of Pd/Co 3O 4@MWCNT Composites for Cathodes in Direct Urea Fuel Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11041017. [PMID: 33923445 PMCID: PMC8073770 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct urea fuel cells (DUFCs) have recently drawn increased attention as sustainable power generation devices because of their considerable advantages. Nonetheless, the kinetics of the oxidation-reduction reaction, particularly the electrochemical oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), in direct urea fuel cells are slow and hence considered to be inefficient. To overcome these disadvantages in DUFCs, Pd nanoparticles loaded onto Co3O4 supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT) were employed as a promising cathode catalyst for enhancing the electrocatalytic activity and oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode in DUFCs. Co3O4@MWCNT and Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT were synthesized via a facile two-step hydrothermal process. A Pd/MWCNT catalyst was also prepared and evaluated to study the effect of Co3O4 on the performance of the Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT catalyst. A current density of 13.963 mA cm-2 and a maximum power density of 2.792 mW cm-2 at 20 °C were obtained. Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT is a prospectively effective cathode catalyst for DUFCs. The dilution of Pd with non-precious metal oxides in adequate amounts is economically conducive to highly practical catalysts with promising electrocatalytic activity in fuel cell applications.
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19
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Kim SH, Lee KH, Chu JY, Kim AR, Yoo DJ. Enhanced Hydroxide Conductivity and Dimensional Stability with Blended Membranes Containing Hyperbranched PAES/Linear PPO as Anion Exchange Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12123011. [PMID: 33339390 PMCID: PMC7766666 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel blended anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were prepared with hyperbranched brominated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (Br-HB-PAES) and linear chloromethylated poly(phenylene oxide) (CM-PPO). The as-prepared blended membranes were fabricated with different weight ratios of Br-HB-PAES to CM-PPO, and the quaternization reaction for introducing the ionic functional group was performed by triethylamine. The Q-PAES/PPO-XY (quaternized-PAES/PPO-XY) blended membranes promoted the ion channel formation as the strong hydrogen bonds interconnecting the two polymers were maintained, and showed an improved hydroxide conductivity with excellent thermal behavior. In particular, the Q-PAES/PPO-55 membrane showed a very high hydroxide ion conductivity (90.9 mS cm−1) compared to the pristine Q-HB-PAES membrane (32.8 mS cm−1), a result supported by the morphology of the membrane as determined by the AFM analysis. In addition, the rigid hyperbranched structure showed a suppressed swelling ratio of 17.9–24.9% despite an excessive water uptake of 33.2–50.3% at 90 °C, and demonstrated a remarkable alkaline stability under 2.0 M KOH conditions over 1000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Kim
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (S.H.K.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Kyu Ha Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Ji Young Chu
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (S.H.K.); (A.R.K.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (S.H.K.); (A.R.K.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3608
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