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Ráž K, Chval Z, Kemka V. Parametric Production of Prostheses Using the Additive Polymer Manufacturing Technology Multi Jet Fusion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2347. [PMID: 38793414 PMCID: PMC11122768 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a procedure for the production of 3D-printed forearm prostheses (especially hard outer sockets). The production procedure is designed in the form of a parametric workflow (CAD model), which significantly speeds up the designing process of the prosthesis. This procedure is not fixedly dependent on the software (SW) equipment and is fully transferable into another SW environment. The use of these prostheses will significantly increase the comfort of their patients' lives. It is possible to produce prostheses faster and in larger amounts and variants by the usage of additive technology. The input for the own production of the prosthesis is a model of the internal soft socket of the patient. This soft socket (soft bed) is made by a qualified prosthetist. A 3D-scanned CAD model is obtained afterward using the scanning method by an automatic laser projector. An editable, parametric external socket (modifiable in any CAD format) is generated from the obtained 3D scan using a special algorithmic model. This socket, after the necessary individual modifications, is transferred to 3D printing technology and produced using powder technology Multi Jet Fusion (HP MJF). The result of the designed and tested procedure is a quickly editable 3D-printed outer socket (main part of prosthesis), which is able to fully replace the current long-fiber composite solution. Production of current solutions is relatively time-consuming, and only one piece is produced in a given time. The newly designed technology eliminates this. This study summarized the possibilities of speeding up the production of forearm prostheses (but not only these) by creating a parametric CAD model that is applicable to different patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Ráž
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Regional Technological Institute, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 2732/8, 301 00 Plzen, Czech Republic; (Z.C.); (V.K.)
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Franco Urquiza EA. Advances in Additive Manufacturing of Polymer-Fused Deposition Modeling on Textiles: From 3D Printing to Innovative 4D Printing-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:700. [PMID: 38475383 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Technological advances and the development of new and advanced materials allow the transition from three-dimensional (3D) printing to the innovation of four-dimensional (4D) printing. 3D printing is the process of precisely creating objects with complex shapes by depositing superimposed layers of material. Current 3D printing technology allows two or more filaments of different polymeric materials to be placed, which, together with the development of intelligent materials that change shape over time or under the action of an external stimulus, allow us to innovate and move toward an emerging area of research, innovative 4D printing technology. 4D printing makes it possible to manufacture actuators and sensors for various technological applications. Its most significant development is currently in the manufacture of intelligent textiles. The potential of 4D printing lies in modular manufacturing, where fabric-printed material interaction enables the creation of bio-inspired and biomimetic devices. The central part of this review summarizes the effect of the primary external stimuli on 4D textile materials, followed by the leading applications. Shape memory polymers attract current and potential opportunities in the textile industry to develop smart clothing for protection against extreme environments, auxiliary prostheses, smart splints or orthoses to assist the muscles in their medical recovery, and comfort devices. In the future, intelligent textiles will perform much more demanding roles, thus envisioning the application fields of 4D printing in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Adrian Franco Urquiza
- Advanced Manufacturing Department, Center for Engineering and Industrial Development, CIDESI-Airport, Carretera Estatal 200, km 23, Queretaro 76270, Mexico
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Joshua RJN, Raj SA, Hameed Sultan MT, Łukaszewicz A, Józwik J, Oksiuta Z, Dziedzic K, Tofil A, Shahar FS. Powder Bed Fusion 3D Printing in Precision Manufacturing for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:769. [PMID: 38591985 PMCID: PMC10856375 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Precision manufacturing requirements are the key to ensuring the quality and reliability of biomedical implants. The powder bed fusion (PBF) technique offers a promising solution, enabling the creation of complex, patient-specific implants with a high degree of precision. This technology is revolutionizing the biomedical industry, paving the way for a new era of personalized medicine. This review explores and details powder bed fusion 3D printing and its application in the biomedical field. It begins with an introduction to the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology and its various classifications. Later, it analyzes the numerous fields in which powder bed fusion 3D printing has been successfully deployed where precision components are required, including the fabrication of personalized implants and scaffolds for tissue engineering. This review also discusses the potential advantages and limitations for using the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology in terms of precision, customization, and cost effectiveness. In addition, it highlights the current challenges and prospects of the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology. This work offers valuable insights for researchers engaged in the field, aiming to contribute to the advancement of the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology in the context of precision manufacturing for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan John Nekin Joshua
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sakthivel Aravind Raj
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Aerospace Malaysia Innovation Centre (944751-A), Prime Minister’s Department, MIGHT Partnership Hub, Jalan Impact, Cyberjaya 63000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andrzej Łukaszewicz
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Józwik
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
- Institute of Technical Sciences and Aviation, University College of Applied Sciences in Chełm, Pocztowa 54, 22-100 Chełm, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Oksiuta
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Dziedzic
- Institute of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Tofil
- Institute of Technical Sciences and Aviation, University College of Applied Sciences in Chełm, Pocztowa 54, 22-100 Chełm, Poland;
| | - Farah Syazwani Shahar
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Antezana PE, Municoy S, Ostapchuk G, Catalano PN, Hardy JG, Evelson PA, Orive G, Desimone MF. 4D Printing: The Development of Responsive Materials Using 3D-Printing Technology. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2743. [PMID: 38140084 PMCID: PMC10747900 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, widely known as 3D printing, has revolutionized the production of biomaterials. While conventional 3D-printed structures are perceived as static, 4D printing introduces the ability to fabricate materials capable of self-transforming their configuration or function over time in response to external stimuli such as temperature, light, or electric field. This transformative technology has garnered significant attention in the field of biomedical engineering due to its potential to address limitations associated with traditional therapies. Here, we delve into an in-depth review of 4D-printing systems, exploring their diverse biomedical applications and meticulously evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. We emphasize the novelty of this review paper by highlighting the latest advancements and emerging trends in 4D-printing technology, particularly in the context of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Edmundo Antezana
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Sofia Municoy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Gabriel Ostapchuk
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina; (G.O.); (P.N.C.)
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Gerencia de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Proyectos Especiales, Gerencia de Área de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina
| | - Paolo Nicolás Catalano
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina; (G.O.); (P.N.C.)
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Gerencia de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Proyectos Especiales, Gerencia de Área de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Junín 954, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - John G. Hardy
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK;
- Department of Chemistry, Faraday Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Pablo Andrés Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Martin Federico Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
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Thavornyutikarn B, Aumnate C, Kosorn W, Nampichai N, Janvikul W. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends for Material Extrusion Three-Dimensional Printing: Effects of Blend Composition on Printability and Properties. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:45013-45025. [PMID: 38046352 PMCID: PMC10688206 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Blend filaments of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were prepared at different weight ratios, i.e., 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100, for FDM printing; the prepared filaments, with an average diameter of 2.77 ± 0.19 mm, were encoded as A100, A70T30, A50T50, A30T70, and T100, respectively. The properties and printability of the filaments were thoroughly investigated. The blend composition, as well as the printing parameters, were optimized to obtain the FDM-printed objects with a well-defined surface structure and minimized warpages. The glass transition temperatures of ABS and TPU in the blends were not much altered from those of the parent filaments, whereas the thermal degradation characteristics of the blend filaments still fell between those of the neat filaments. The fractured surfaces of the filaments, observed by SEM, appeared smoother when higher amounts of TPU integrated; the smoothest surface of the ABS-based filament was found in A30T70, indicating the well-compatible blend characteristic. This was also confirmed by its rheological behavior examined by a parallel plate rheometer at 225 °C. Not only was the printability of the filaments improved, but also the warpages of the 3D-printed specimens were decreased when increasing amount of TPU was incorporated into the filaments. Among the printed objects, the A30T70 specimen exhibited the evenest surface morphology with the lowest surface roughness value of 32.9 ± 13.2 nm and the most uniform and consistent linear printing structure when being fabricated at the nozzle temperature of 225 °C and the printing bed temperature of 60 °C. However, the incorporation of TPU into the filaments markedly cut down both strength and modulus values of the fabricated materials up to about half but assisted the printed articles to absorb more energy, demonstrating that this polymer served as a good and effective toughener for ABS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonlom Thavornyutikarn
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chuanchom Aumnate
- Metallurgy
and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wasana Kosorn
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nutdanai Nampichai
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanida Janvikul
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Balaji D, Arulmurugan B, Bhuvaneswari V. An Overview of the Additive Manufacturing of Bast Fiber-Reinforced Composites and Envisaging Advancements Using the Patent Landscape. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4435. [PMID: 38006158 PMCID: PMC10674348 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural fiber composites attract attention owing to their environmentally friendly attributes. Many techniques, including fiber treatment, coatings, and fiber orientations, are used to improve the strength of natural fiber-reinforced composites. Still, the strength needs to be improved as expected. At present, some automation in manufacturing is also supported. Recently, additive manufacturing (AM) of natural fiber-reinforced composites has attracted many researchers around the globe. In this work, researchers' attention to various natural fibers that are 3D printed is articulated and consolidated, and the future scope of the additive manufacturing of natural fiber-reinforced composite is envisaged using the patent landscape. In addition, some of the advancements in additive manufacturing of natural fiber composites are also discussed with reference to the patents filed lately. This may be helpful for the researchers working on AM of natural fiber composites for taking their research into new orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devarajan Balaji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, Tamilnadu, India;
| | - Balasubramanian Arulmurugan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, Tamilnadu, India;
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7
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Ivanovski S, Breik O, Carluccio D, Alayan J, Staples R, Vaquette C. 3D printing for bone regeneration: challenges and opportunities for achieving predictability. Periodontol 2000 2023; 93:358-384. [PMID: 37823472 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
3D printing offers attractive opportunities for large-volume bone regeneration in the oro-dental and craniofacial regions. This is enabled by the development of CAD-CAM technologies that support the design and manufacturing of anatomically accurate meshes and scaffolds. This review describes the main 3D-printing technologies utilized for the fabrication of these patient-matched devices, and reports on their pre-clinical and clinical performance including the occurrence of complications for vertical bone augmentation and craniofacial applications. Furthermore, the regulatory pathway for approval of these devices is discussed, highlighting the main hurdles and obstacles. Finally, the review elaborates on a variety of strategies for increasing bone regeneration capacity and explores the future of 4D bioprinting and biodegradable metal 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), The University of Queensland, Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Omar Breik
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danilo Carluccio
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jamil Alayan
- School of Dentistry, Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), The University of Queensland, Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Ruben Staples
- School of Dentistry, Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), The University of Queensland, Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- School of Dentistry, Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), The University of Queensland, Queensland, Herston, Australia
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Petousis M, Ntintakis I, David C, Sagris D, Nasikas NK, Korlos A, Moutsopoulou A, Vidakis N. A Coherent Assessment of the Compressive Strain Rate Response of PC, PETG, PMMA, and TPU Thermoplastics in MEX Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3926. [PMID: 37835975 PMCID: PMC10574899 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we successfully address a significant research and engineering gap by quantitatively assessing the impact of varying compressive loading rates on the mechanical behavior of four popular thermoplastic polymers in material-extrusion-based (MEX) 3D printing. Raw powders of polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were processed through melt extrusion, and the filaments were used to 3D-print the test samples. For completeness, thermogravimetric analysis and a compressive test following the ASTM-D695 standard were conducted. Ultimately, the compressive strength and yield stress, the compressive modulus of elasticity and toughness, and the maximum compressive sensitivity index were thoroughly documented. Specimens were tested in strain rates from 1.3 mm/min to 200 mm/min. The compressive strength (40% for the PMMA) and stiffness (29% for the TPU) increased with the increase in the strain rate in all polymers tested. PC had the highest strain rate sensitivity. Significant variations in deformation and fracture modes were observed and thoroughly documented throughout this study. Our findings can be useful in industrial engineering as valued design optimization input parameters in various applications involving the above-mentioned polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Petousis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (I.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Ioannis Ntintakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (I.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Constantine David
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, International Hellenic University, Serres Campus, 62124 Serres, Greece; (C.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Sagris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, International Hellenic University, Serres Campus, 62124 Serres, Greece; (C.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Nektarios K. Nasikas
- Division of Mathematics and Engineering Sciences, Department of Military Sciences, Hellenic Army Academy, 16673 Vari, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Korlos
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, International Hellenic University, 14th km Thessaloniki—N. Moudania, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Amalia Moutsopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (I.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Nectarios Vidakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (I.N.); (A.M.)
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Shishatskaya EI, Demidenko AV, Sukovatyi AG, Dudaev AE, Mylnikov AV, Kisterskij KA, Volova TG. Three-Dimensional Printing of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] Biodegradable Scaffolds: Properties, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12969. [PMID: 37629152 PMCID: PMC10455171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of constructing 3D scaffolds from degradable poly(3-hydrosbutyrpate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) using FDM technology and studying the structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility in vitro, and osteoplastic properties in vivo are presented. In the process of obtaining granules, filaments, and scaffolds from the initial polymer material, a slight change in the crystallization and glass transition temperature and a noticeable decrease in molecular weight (by 40%) were registered. During the compression test, depending on the direction of load application (parallel or perpendicular to the layers of the scaffold), the 3D scaffolds had a Young's modulus of 207.52 ± 19.12 and 241.34 ± 7.62 MPa and compressive stress tensile strength of 19.45 ± 2.10 and 22.43 ± 1.89 MPa, respectively. SEM, fluorescent staining with DAPI, and calorimetric MTT tests showed the high biological compatibility of scaffolds and active colonization by NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, which retained their metabolic activity for a long time (up to 10 days). The osteoplastic properties of the 3D scaffolds were studied in the segmental osteotomy test on a model defect in the diaphyseal zone of the femur in domestic Landrace pigs. X-ray and histological analysis confirmed the formation of fully mature bone tissue and complete restoration of the defect in 150 days of observation. The results allow us to conclude that the constructed resorbable 3D scaffolds are promising for bone grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.I.S.); (A.V.D.); (A.G.S.); (A.E.D.)
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi Av. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Aleksey V. Demidenko
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.I.S.); (A.V.D.); (A.G.S.); (A.E.D.)
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi Av. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Aleksey G. Sukovatyi
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.I.S.); (A.V.D.); (A.G.S.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Alexey E. Dudaev
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.I.S.); (A.V.D.); (A.G.S.); (A.E.D.)
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi Av. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Aleksey V. Mylnikov
- Clinical Hospital “RZD-Medicine”, Lomonosov Street, 47, 660058 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Kisterskij
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi Av. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Tatiana G. Volova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.I.S.); (A.V.D.); (A.G.S.); (A.E.D.)
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi Av. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
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Hanemann T, Klein A, Baumgärtner S, Jung J, Wilhelm D, Antusch S. Material Extrusion 3D Printing of PEEK-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3412. [PMID: 37631469 PMCID: PMC10458592 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High-performance thermoplastics like polyetheretherketone (PEEK), with their outstanding thermal stability, mechanical properties and chemical stability, have great potential for various structural applications. Combining with additive manufacturing methods extends further PEEK usage, e.g., as a mold insert material in polymer melt processing like injection molding. Mold inserts must possess a certain mechanical stability, a low surface roughness as well as a good thermal conductivity for the temperature control during the molding process. With this in mind, the commercially available high-performance thermoplastic PEEK was doped with small amounts of carbon nanotubes (CNT, 6 wt%) and copper particles (10 wt%) targeting enhanced thermomechanical properties and a higher thermal conductivity. The composites were realized by a commercial combined compounder and filament maker for the usage in a material extrusion (MEX)-based 3D-printer following the fused filament fabrication (FFF) principle. Commercial filaments made from PEEK and carbon fiber reinforced PEEK were used as reference systems. The impact of the filler and the MEX printing conditions like printing temperature, printing speed and infill orientation on the PEEK properties were characterized comprehensively by tensile testing, fracture imaging and surface roughness measurements. In addition, the thermal conductivity was determined by the laser-flash method in combination with differential scanning calorimetry and Archimedes density measurement. The addition of fillers did not alter the measured tensile strength in comparison to pure PEEK significantly. The fracture images showed a good printing quality without the MEX-typical voids between and within the deposited layers. Higher printing temperatures caused a reduction of the surface roughness and, in some cases, an enhanced ductile behavior. The thermal conductivity could be increased by the addition of the CNTs. Following the given results, the most critical process step is the compounding procedure, because for a reliable process-parameter-property relationship, a homogeneous particle distribution in the polymer matrix yielding a reliable filament quality is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hanemann
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (A.K.); (S.B.); (J.J.); (D.W.); (S.A.)
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Klein
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (A.K.); (S.B.); (J.J.); (D.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Siegfried Baumgärtner
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (A.K.); (S.B.); (J.J.); (D.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Judith Jung
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (A.K.); (S.B.); (J.J.); (D.W.); (S.A.)
| | - David Wilhelm
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (A.K.); (S.B.); (J.J.); (D.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Steffen Antusch
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (A.K.); (S.B.); (J.J.); (D.W.); (S.A.)
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Sousa J, Teixeira PF, Hilliou L, Covas JA. Experimental Validation of a Micro-Extrusion Set-Up with In-Line Rheometry for the Production and Monitoring of Filaments for 3D-Printing. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1496. [PMID: 37630032 PMCID: PMC10456369 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to validate an in-line micro-slit rheometer and a micro-extrusion line, both designed for the in-line monitoring and production of filaments for 3D printing using small amounts of material. The micro-filament extrusion line is first presented and its operational window is assessed. The throughputs ranged between 0.045 kg/h and 0.15 kg/h with a maximum 3% error and with a melt temperature control within 1 °C under the processing conditions tested for an average residence time of about 3 min. The rheological micro slit is then presented and assessed using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). The excellent matching between the in-line micro-rheological data and the data measured with off-line rotational and capillary rheometers validate the in-line micro-slit rheometer. However, it is shown that the COC does not follow the Cox-Merz rule. The COC filaments produced with the micro-extrusion line were successfully used in the 3D printing of specimens for tensile testing. The quality of both filaments (less than 6% variation in diameter along the filament's length) and printed specimens validated the whole micro-set-up, which was eventually used to deliver a rheological mapping of COC printability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Loïc Hilliou
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.S.); (P.F.T.)
| | - José A. Covas
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.S.); (P.F.T.)
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Šančić T, Brčić M, Kotarski D, Łukaszewicz A. Experimental Characterization of Composite-Printed Materials for the Production of Multirotor UAV Airframe Parts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5060. [PMID: 37512334 PMCID: PMC10384317 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the characterization of 3D-printed materials that are considered in the design of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for specialized purposes was carried out. The multirotor UAV system is briefly described, primarily from the aspect of system dynamics, considering that the airframe parts connect the UAV components, including the propulsion configuration, into a functional assembly. Three additive manufacturing (AM) technologies were discussed, and a brief overview was provided of selective laser sintering (SLS), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and continuous fiber fabrication (CFF). Using hardware and related software, 12 series of specimens were produced, which were experimentally tested utilizing a quasi-static uniaxial tensile test. The results of the experimental tests are provided graphically with stress-strain diagrams. In this work, the focus is on CFF technology and the testing of materials that will be used in the production of mechanically loaded airframe parts of multirotor UAVs. The experimentally obtained values of the maximum stresses were compared for different technologies. For the considered specimens manufactured using FDM and SLS technology, the values are up to 40 MPa, while for the considered CFF materials and range of investigated specimens, it is shown that it can be at least four times higher. By increasing the proportion of fibers, these differences increase. To be able to provide a wider comparison of CFF technology and investigated materials with aluminum alloys, the following three-point flexural and Charpy impact tests were selected that fit within this framework for experimental characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Šančić
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karlovac University of Applied Sciences, 47000 Karlovac, Croatia
| | - Marino Brčić
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Denis Kotarski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karlovac University of Applied Sciences, 47000 Karlovac, Croatia
| | - Andrzej Łukaszewicz
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
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Li Y, Ren X, Zhu L, Li C. Biomass 3D Printing: Principles, Materials, Post-Processing and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2692. [PMID: 37376338 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Under the background of green and low-carbon era, efficiently utilization of renewable biomass materials is one of the important choices to promote ecologically sustainable development. Accordingly, 3D printing is an advanced manufacturing technology with low energy consumption, high efficiency, and easy customization. Biomass 3D printing technology has attracted more and more attentions recently in materials area. This paper mainly reviewed six common 3D printing technologies for biomass additive manufacturing, including Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Direct Ink Writing (DIW), Stereo Lithography Appearance (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) and Liquid Deposition Molding (LDM). A systematic summary and detailed discussion were conducted on the printing principles, common materials, technical progress, post-processing and related applications of typical biomass 3D printing technologies. Expanding the availability of biomass resources, enriching the printing technology and promoting its application was proposed to be the main developing directions of biomass 3D printing in the future. It is believed that the combination of abundant biomass feedstocks and advanced 3D printing technology will provide a green, low-carbon and efficient way for the sustainable development of materials manufacturing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Engineering Technology Center for Wood Resources Recycling, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueyong Ren
- National Forestry and Grassland Engineering Technology Center for Wood Resources Recycling, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- National Forestry and Grassland Engineering Technology Center for Wood Resources Recycling, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunmiao Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Engineering Technology Center for Wood Resources Recycling, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Moreno AI, Orozco Y, Ocampo S, Malagón S, Ossa A, Peláez-Vargas A, Paucar C, Lopera A, Garcia C. Effects of Propolis Impregnation on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Scaffolds Loaded with Wollastonite Particles against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Their Coculture for Potential Medical Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2629. [PMID: 37376275 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several diseases and injuries cause irreversible damage to bone tissues, which may require partial or total regeneration or replacement. Tissue engineering suggests developing substitutes that may contribute to the repair or regeneration process by using three-dimensional lattices (scaffolds) to create functional bone tissues. Herein, scaffolds comprising polylactic acid and wollastonite particles enriched with propolis extracts from the Arauca region of Colombia were developed as gyroid triply periodic minimal surfaces using fused deposition modeling. The propolis extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25175) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), which cause osteomyelitis. The scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, contact angle, swelling, and degradation. Their mechanical properties were assessed using static and dynamic tests. Cell viability/proliferation assay was conducted using hDP-MSC cultures, while their bactericidal properties against monospecies cultures (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) and cocultures were evaluated. The wollastonite particles did not affect the physical, mechanical, or thermal properties of the scaffolds. The contact angle results showed that there were no substantial differences in the hydrophobicity between scaffolds with and without particles. Scaffolds containing wollastonite particles suffered less degradation than those produced using PLA alone. A representative result of the cyclic tests at Fmax = 450 N showed that the maximum strain reached after 8000 cycles is well below the yield strain (i.e., <7.5%), thereby indicating that even under these stringent conditions, these scaffolds will be able to work properly. The scaffolds impregnated with propolis showed a lower % of cell viability using hDP-MSCs on the 3rd day, but these values increased on the 7th day. These scaffolds exhibited antibacterial activity against the monospecies cultures of S. aureus and S. epidermidis and their cocultures. The samples without propolis loads did not show inhibition halos, whereas those loaded with EEP exhibited halos of 17.42 ± 0.2 mm against S. aureus and 12.9 ± 0.5 mm against S. epidermidis. These results made the scaffolds possible bone substitutes that exert control over species with a proliferative capacity for the biofilm-formation processes required for typical severe infectious processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Moreno
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Yeison Orozco
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Sebastián Ocampo
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Sarita Malagón
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 055422, Colombia
| | - Alex Ossa
- School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad Eafit, Medellín 050022, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Peláez-Vargas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 055422, Colombia
| | - Carlos Paucar
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Alex Lopera
- Grupo de Nanoestructuras y Física Aplicada (NANOUPAR), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, La Paz 202017, Colombia
| | - Claudia Garcia
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
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Do TT, Nguyen VT, Song Toan HD, Minh PS, Uyen TMT, Huynh TH, Nguyen VT, Nguyen VTT. Influences of TPU Content on the Weld Line Characteristics of PP and ABS Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102321. [PMID: 37242896 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) content on the weld line properties of Polypropylene (PP) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) blends. In PP/TPU blends, increasing the TPU content results in a significant decrease in the PP/TPU composite's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation values. Blends with 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt% TPU and pure PP outperform blends with 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt% TPU and recycled PP in terms of UTS value. The blend with 10 wt% TPU and pure PP achieves the highest UTS value of 21.85 MPa. However, the blend's elongation decreases due to the poor bonding in the weld line area. According to Taguchi's analysis, the TPU factor has a more significant overall influence on the mechanical properties of PP/TPU blends than the recycled PP factor. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that the TPU area has a dimple shape on the fracture surface due to its significantly higher elongation value. The 15 wt% TPU sample achieves the highest UTS value of 35.7 MPa in ABS/TPU blends, which is considerably higher than other cases, indicating good compatibility between ABS and TPU. The sample containing 20 wt% TPU has the lowest UTS value of 21.2 MPa. Furthermore, the elongation-changing pattern corresponds to the UTS value. Interestingly, SEM results present that the fracture surface of this blend is flatter than the PP/TPU blend due to a higher compatibility rate. The 30 wt% TPU sample has a higher rate of dimple area than the 10 wt% TPU sample. Moreover, ABS/TPU blends gain a higher UTS value than PP/TPU blends. Increasing the TPU ratio mainly reduces the elastic modulus of both ABS/TPU blends and PP/TPU blends. This study reveals the advantages and disadvantages of mixing TPU with PP or ABS to ensure that it meets the requirements of the intended applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Trung Do
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Van-Thuc Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Do Song Toan
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Pham Son Minh
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh The Uyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Trung H Huynh
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Tien Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City 71307, Vietnam
| | - Van Thanh Tien Nguyen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
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Hanitio EW, Lutfhyansyah NR, Efendi BM, Mardiyati Y, Steven S. From Electronic Waste to 3D-Printed Product, How Multiple Recycling Affects High-Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) Filament Performances. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093412. [PMID: 37176294 PMCID: PMC10180321 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of the electronics industry is producing excessive electronic waste. One of the common types of materials in electronic waste is high-impact polystyrene (HIPS). In this study, HIPS from electronic waste was recycled through an extrusion process and used as a 3D print filament. The effects of recycling on printability, physical properties, and mechanical properties in horizontal and vertical directions were examined. It was found that until the fourth-cycle, mechanical properties such as horizontal tensile strength, horizontal flexural strength, vertical flexural strength, and vertical impact strength were comparable with virgin commercial filament. In addition, the vertical flexural modulus in the fourth cycle increased by 77.28%. However, the density of recycled HIPs' first to the fourth cycle slightly decreased by 10.6%, and the melt flow rate increased by 20.3%. It was also observed that until the third cycle, the effect of the reprocessing steps was insignificant on the defect of the 3D-printed product. In general, the experiments show various results, mainly in mechanical properties. Nevertheless, recycled HIPS filaments are comparable to or better than commercial ones in some cases. As a result, recycled HIPS filaments hold the potential to be considered as an alternative to other types of 3D print filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edbert Wing Hanitio
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Novan Rifky Lutfhyansyah
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Balqis Mentari Efendi
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Yati Mardiyati
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Steven Steven
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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Eickhoff R, Antusch S, Nötzel D, Hanemann T. New Partially Water-Soluble Feedstocks for Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V Parts by Material Extrusion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3162. [PMID: 37109999 PMCID: PMC10145004 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a process chain for the realization of dense Ti6Al4V parts via different material extrusion methods will be introduced applying eco-friendly partially water-soluble binder systems. In continuation of earlier research, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a low molecular weight binder component was combined either with poly(vinylbutyral) (PVB) or with poly(methylmethacrylat) (PMMA) as a high molecular weight polymer and investigated with respect to their usability in FFF and FFD. The additional investigation of different surfactants' impact on the rheological behaviour applying shear and oscillation rheology allowed for a final solid Ti6Al4V content of 60 vol%, which is sufficient to achieve after printing, debinding and thermal densification parts with densities better than 99% of the theoretical value. The requirements for usage in medical applications according to ASTM F2885-17 can be fulfilled depending on the processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Eickhoff
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Steffen Antusch
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dorit Nötzel
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hanemann
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Francese A, Khan M, He F. Role of Dynamic Response in Inclined Transverse Crack Inspection for 3D-Printed Polymeric Beam with Metal Stiffener. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16083095. [PMID: 37109932 PMCID: PMC10141066 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to quantify the relationship between the dynamic response of 3D-printed polymeric beams with metal stiffeners and the severity of inclined transverse cracks under mechanical loading. Very few studies in the literature have focused on defects starting from bolt holes in light-weighted panels and considered the defect's orientation in an analysis. The research outcomes can be applied to vibration-based structure health monitoring (SHM). In this study, an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) beam was manufactured through material extrusion and bolted to an aluminium 2014-T615 stiffener as the specimen. It simulated a typical aircraft stiffened panel geometry. The specimen had seeded and propagated inclined transverse cracks of different depths (1/1.4 mm) and orientations (0°/30°/45°). Then, their dynamic response was investigated numerically and experimentally. The fundamental frequencies were measured with an experimental modal analysis. The numerical simulation provided the modal strain energy damage index (MSE-DI) to quantify and localise the defects. Experimental results showed that the 45° cracked specimen presented the lowest fundamental frequency with a decreased magnitude drop rate during crack propagation. However, the 0° cracked specimen generated a more significant frequency drop rate with an increased crack depth ratio. On the other hand, several peaks were presented at various locations where no defect was present in the MSE-DI plots. This suggests that the MSE-DI approach for assessing damage is unsuitable for detecting cracks beneath stiffening elements due to the restriction of the unique mode shape at the crack's location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Francese
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK;
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Centre for Life-Cycle Engineering and Management, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Feiyang He
- Centre for Life-Cycle Engineering and Management, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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Nazir MH, Al-Marzouqi AH, Ahmed W, Zaneldin E. The potential of adopting natural fibers reinforcements for fused deposition modeling: Characterization and implications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15023. [PMID: 37089374 PMCID: PMC10113796 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural fibers or their derivatives have gained significant attention as green fillers or reinforcement materials due to their abundant availability, environment-friendly nature and biodegradability for sustainable development. Despite the availability of modern alternatives such as concrete, glass-fiber/resin composites, steel, and plastics, there is still considerable demand for naturally occurring based materials for different applications due to their low cost, durability, strength, heat, sound, and fire-resistance characteristics. 3D printing has provided a novel approach to the development and advancement of natural fiber-based composite materials, as well as an important platform for the advancement of biomass materials toward intelligentization and industrialization. The features of 3D printing, particularly fast prototyping and small start-up, allow the easy fabrication of materials for a wide range of applications. This review highlights the current progress and potential commercial applications of 3D printed composites reinforced with natural fibers or biomass. This study discussed that 3D printing technology can be effectively utilized for different applications, including producing electroactive papers, fuel cell membranes, adhesives, wastewater treatment, biosensors, and its potential applications in the automobile, building, and construction industries. The research in the literature showed that even if the field of 3D printing has advanced significantly, problems still need to be solved, such as material incompatibility and material cost. Further studies could be conducted to improve and adapt the methods to work with various materials. More effort should be put into developing affordable printer technologies and materials that work with these printers to broaden the applications for 3D printed objects.
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Kolibaba TJ, Iverson ET, Legendre H, Higgins CI, Buck ZN, Weeks TS, Grunlan JC, Killgore JP. Synergistic Fire Resistance of Nanobrick Wall Coated 3D Printed Photopolymer Lattices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16046-16054. [PMID: 36926807 PMCID: PMC10071572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photopolymer additive manufacturing has become the subject of widespread interest in recent years due to its capacity to enable fabrication of difficult geometries that are impossible to build with traditional manufacturing methods. The flammability of photopolymer resin materials and the lattice structures enabled by 3D printing is a barrier to widespread adoption that has not yet been adequately addressed. Here, a water-based nanobrick wall coating is deposited on 3D printed parts with simple (i.e., dense solid) or complex (i.e., lattice) geometries. When subject to flammability testing, the printed parts exhibit no melt dripping and a propensity toward failure at the print layer interfaces. Moving from a simple solid geometry to a latticed geometry leads to reduced time to failure during flammability testing. For nonlatticed parts, the coating provides negligible improvement in fire resistance, but coating of the latticed structures significantly increases time to failure by up to ≈340% compared to the uncoated lattice. The synergistic effect of coating and latticing is attributed to the lattice structures' increased surface area to volume ratio, allowing for an increased coating:photopolymer ratio and the ability of the lattice to better accommodate thermal expansion strains. Overall, nanobrick wall coated lattices can serve as metamaterials to increase applications of polymer additive manufacturing in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hudson Legendre
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Callie I. Higgins
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Zachary N. Buck
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Timothy S. Weeks
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jason P. Killgore
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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Pepelnjak T, Stojšić J, Sevšek L, Movrin D, Milutinović M. Influence of Process Parameters on the Characteristics of Additively Manufactured Parts Made from Advanced Biopolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030716. [PMID: 36772018 PMCID: PMC9922018 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, additive manufacturing (AM) has become a reliable tool for prototyping and low-volume production. In recent years, the market share of such products has increased rapidly as these manufacturing concepts allow for greater part complexity compared to conventional manufacturing technologies. Furthermore, as recyclability and biocompatibility have become more important in material selection, biopolymers have also become widely used in AM. This article provides an overview of AM with advanced biopolymers in fields from medicine to food packaging. Various AM technologies are presented, focusing on the biopolymers used, selected part fabrication strategies, and influential parameters of the technologies presented. It should be emphasized that inkjet bioprinting, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, extrusion-based bioprinting, and scaffold-free printing are the most commonly used AM technologies for the production of parts from advanced biopolymers. Achievable part complexity will be discussed with emphasis on manufacturable features, layer thickness, production accuracy, materials applied, and part strength in correlation with key AM technologies and their parameters crucial for producing representative examples, anatomical models, specialized medical instruments, medical implants, time-dependent prosthetic features, etc. Future trends of advanced biopolymers focused on establishing target-time-dependent part properties through 4D additive manufacturing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaž Pepelnjak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-47-71-734
| | - Josip Stojšić
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty in Slavonski Brod, University of Slavonski Brod, Trg Ivane Brlić Mažuranić 2, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Luka Sevšek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dejan Movrin
- Department for Production Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mladomir Milutinović
- Department for Production Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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22
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Menekse A, Ertemel AV, Camgoz Akdag H, Gorener A. Additive manufacturing process selection for automotive industry using Pythagorean fuzzy CRITIC EDAS. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282676. [PMID: 36893100 PMCID: PMC9997986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
For many different types of businesses, additive manufacturing has great potential for new product and process development in many different types of businesses including automotive industry. On the other hand, there are a variety of additive manufacturing alternatives available today, each with its own unique characteristics, and selecting the most suitable one has become a necessity for relevant bodies. The evaluation of additive manufacturing alternatives can be viewed as an uncertain multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem due to the potential number of criteria and candidates as well as the inherent subjectivity of various decision-experts engaging in the process. Pythagorean fuzzy sets are an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets that are effective in handling ambiguity and uncertainty in decision-making. This study offers an integrated fuzzy MCDM approach based on Pythagorean fuzzy sets for assessing additive manufacturing alternatives for the automotive industry. Objective significance levels of criteria are determined using the Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) technique, and additive manufacturing alternatives are prioritized using the Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method. A sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the variations against varying criterion and decision-maker weights. Moreover, a comparative analysis is conducted to validate the acquired findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali Gorener
- Faculty of Management, Istanbul Commerce University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Kesharwani K, Kautu A, Sharma S, Singh R, Kumar V, Tripathi SK, Shukla P, Joshi KB. Short peptide amphiphile nanostructures facilitate sunlight-induced nanowelding of gold nanosheets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13815-13818. [PMID: 36444804 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An effortless thermoplasmonic welding of multi-shaped gold nanosheets is achieved by ordinary and simple sunlight irradiation. A light-matter interaction occurred via the nanogaps of smaller nanosheets, leading to the enhancement of the electromagnetic field and thus effectively concentrating the heat at the welding point. The sPA peptide nanostructure facilitates the nanowelding of small caged gold nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Kesharwani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
| | - Aanand Kautu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India. .,Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar (IITGN), India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, IISc, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
| | - Prashant Shukla
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Khashti Ballabh Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
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24
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Sultan MT, Lee OJ, Lee JS, Park CH. Three-Dimensional Digital Light-Processing Bioprinting Using Silk Fibroin-Based Bio-Ink: Recent Advancements in Biomedical Applications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123224. [PMID: 36551978 PMCID: PMC9775525 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been developed as a viable method for fabricating functional tissues and organs by precisely spatially arranging biomaterials, cells, and biochemical components in a layer-by-layer fashion. Among the various bioprinting strategies, digital light-processing (DLP) printing has gained enormous attention due to its applications in tissue engineering and biomedical fields. It allows for high spatial resolution and the rapid printing of complex structures. Although bio-ink is a critical aspect of 3D bioprinting, only a few bio-inks have been used for DLP bioprinting in contrast to the number of bio-inks employed for other bioprinters. Recently, silk fibroin (SF), as a natural bio-ink material used for DLP 3D bioprinting, has gained extensive attention with respect to biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and mechanical properties. This review introduces DLP-based 3D bioprinting, its related technology, and the fabrication process of silk fibroin-based bio-ink. Then, we summarize the applications of DLP 3D bioprinting based on SF-based bio-ink in the tissue engineering and biomedical fields. We also discuss the current limitations and future perspectives of DLP 3D bioprinting using SF-based bio-ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tipu Sultan
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Joo Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Seob Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute (NBRM), College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Depratment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Chiappone A, Pedico A, Porcu S, Pirri CF, Lamberti A, Roppolo I. Photocurable 3D-Printable Systems with Controlled Porosity towards CO 2 Air Filtering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235265. [PMID: 36501659 PMCID: PMC9740396 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous organic polymers are versatile platforms, easily adaptable to a wide range of applications, from air filtering to energy devices. Their fabrication via vat photopolymerization enables them to control the geometry on a multiscale level, obtaining hierarchical porosity with enhanced surface-to-volume ratio. In this work, a photocurable ink based on 1,6 Hexanediol diacrylate and containing a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) is presented, employing PLURONIC F-127 as a surfactant to generate stable micelles. Different parameters were studied to assess the effects on the morphology of the pores, the printability and the mechanical properties. The tests performed demonstrates that only water-in-oil emulsions were suitable for 3D printing. Afterwards, 3D complex porous objects were printed with a Digital Light Processing (DLP) system. Structures with large, interconnected, homogeneous porosity were fabricated with high printing precision (300 µm) and shape fidelity, due to the addition of a Radical Scavenger and a UV Absorber that improved the 3D printing process. The formulations were then used to build scaffolds with complex architecture to test its application as a filter for CO2 absorption and trapping from environmental air. This was obtained by surface decoration with NaOH nanoparticles. Depending on the surface coverage, tested specimens demonstrated long-lasting absorption efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chiappone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedico
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technology Polito, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Porcu
- Department of Physics, Università di Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technology Polito, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Lamberti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technology Polito, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy
| | - Ignazio Roppolo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technology Polito, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0110907412
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26
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Sheheryar M, Khan MA, Jaffery SHI, Alruqi M, Khan R, Bashir MN, Petru J. Multi-Objective Optimization of Process Parameters during Micro-Milling of Nickel-Based Alloy Inconel 718 Using Taguchi-Grey Relation Integrated Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8296. [PMID: 36499794 PMCID: PMC9736743 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the machinability of Inconel 718 under conventional machining speeds using three different tool coatings in comparison with uncoated tool during milling operation. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were selected as variable machining parameters to analyze output responses including surface roughness, burr formation and tool wear. It was found that uncoated and AlTiN coated tools resulted in lower tool wear than nACo and TiSiN coated tools. On the other hand, TiSiN coated tools resulted in highest surface roughness and burr formation. Among the three machining parameters, feed was identified as the most influential parameter affecting burr formation. Grey relational analysis identified the most optimal experimental run with a speed of 14 m/min, feed of 1 μm/tooth, and depth of cut of 70 μm using an AlTiN coated tool. ANOVA of the regression model identified the tool coating parameter as most effective, with a contribution ratio of 41.64%, whereas cutting speed and depth of cut were found to have contribution ratios of 18.82% and 8.10%, respectively. Experimental run at response surface optimized conditions resulted in reduced surface roughness and tool wear by 18% and 20%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sheheryar
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (CEME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Husain Imran Jaffery
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Alruqi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (CEME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - M. Nasir Bashir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (CEME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Jana Petru
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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27
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Ramírez-Elías VA, Damian-Escoto N, Choo K, Gómez-Martínez MA, Balvantín-García A, Diosdado-De la Peña JA. Structural Analysis of Carbon Fiber 3D-Printed Ribs for Small Wind Turbine Blades. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224925. [PMID: 36433052 PMCID: PMC9698696 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work provides a structural analysis of small-scale 3D-printed wind turbine ribs subjected to compression. The ribs were manufactured according to NACA 23015 and NACA 633618 geometries, with polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic acid with carbon fiber additives (CF-PLA). In addition, holes were manufactured into the sample bodies by either 3D printing or drilling for being compared with solid samples. The compression testing was performed by following the ASTM 695D standard, whereas the beginning and propagation of delamination were assessed with the ASTM 5528 standard. Experimental results revealed that 3D-printed built-in holes provided higher compression strength, hence higher structural efficiency, than the drilled samples. Significant improvement by adding carbon fiber additives into the PLA resin system in comparison to raw PLA was detected for at least one of the studied airfoil profiles. NACA geometries also represented a key parameter for avoiding stress concentration areas, as the FEM modeling supported. However, in damaged areas, fracture mechanisms were observed such as bead-bridging, which is a key parameter in reinforcing and consolidating the specimen bodies. Working in better interphase bonding and different additives between beads and layers is highly suggested for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor A. Ramírez-Elías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salamanca, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico
| | - Noemi Damian-Escoto
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salamanca, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico
| | - Kyosung Choo
- Mechanical Engineering, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
| | - Miguel A. Gómez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salamanca, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico
| | - Antonio Balvantín-García
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salamanca, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.B.-G.); (J.A.D.-D.l.P.)
| | - José Angel Diosdado-De la Peña
- Material Science and Engineering, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
- Correspondence: (A.B.-G.); (J.A.D.-D.l.P.)
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28
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Malik A, Rouf S, Ul Haq MI, Raina A, Valerga Puerta AP, Sagbas B, Ruggiero A. Tribo-corrosive behavior of additive manufactured parts for orthopaedic applications. J Orthop 2022; 34:49-60. [PMID: 36016865 PMCID: PMC9396253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Additive manufacturing (AM) being an integral component of the production offers a wide variety of applications in the production of different components. The medical industry after the introduction of Additive Manufacturing has resulted in several advancements. The production of intricate patient-specific implants is one of such advancements which greatly assist a surgeon during a surgery. Orthopedic implants apart from possessing good mechanical strength are also expected to exhibit good tribological and corrosion behavior. As a result, the development of various orthopaedic implants and tools has become simple with the use of additive manufacturing. Objectives and Rationale In the current paper an effort has been made to discuss actual scientific knowledge on the tribo-corrosive behavior of additive manufactured parts for orthopedic applications. Different studies dealing with the mechanisms of lubrication and friction in synovial joints have also been considered. A special focus has also been laid down to study the corrosive effect of implants on the human body. A section dedicated to texturing of orthopedic implants has also been provided. The paper further elaborates the different research challenges and issues related to the use of additive manufacturing for the production of optimized orthopedic implants. Conclusion The study revealed that additive manufacturing has greatly aided in the manufacture of different orthopaedic implants with enhanced properties. However, a detailed study of the effect of processes like friction, wear, lubrication and corrosion in these implants needs to be done. The performance of these implants in the presence of various synovial fluids also needs to be addressed. However, the lack of more biocompatible materials, scalability and cost issues hinder the widespread use of AM in the different orthopaedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Malik
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Saquib Rouf
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Mir Irfan Ul Haq
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Ankush Raina
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India
| | | | - Binnur Sagbas
- Yildiz Technical University, Mechanical Engineering Department, 34349, Besiktas Istanbul, Turkiye
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Van Lieshout EMM, Verhofstad MHJ, Beens LM, Van Bekkum JJJ, Willemsen F, Janzing HMJ, Van Vledder MG. Personalized 3D-printed forearm braces as an alternative for a traditional plaster cast or splint; A systematic review. Injury 2022; 53 Suppl 3:S47-S52. [PMID: 35858868 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Forearm fractures such as distal radius fractures are traditionally treated with a plaster or synthetic cast. Patients commonly report inconvenience of the cast, skin problems, and occasionally radial sensory nerve numbness. A known issue with casting is that the rate of secondary dislocation is high. As an alternative to casts, personalized 3D-printed braces are increasingly used. This review provides an inventory of current developments and experience with 3D-printed forearm braces. Main focus was on the design requirements, materials used, technical requirements, and preclinical and clinical results. Review of 12 studies showed that all printed braces used an open design. Fused Deposition Modelling is most commonly used 3D-printing technique (seven studies) and polylactic acid is the most commonly used material (five studies). Clinical evaluation was done in six studies, mainly involving distal radius fractures, and generally showed a low complication rate and high patient satisfaction with the printed brace. Whether or not the results obtained with 3D-printed braces are superior to results after casting requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M M Van Lieshout
- Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Michael H J Verhofstad
- Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda M Beens
- Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julienne J J Van Bekkum
- Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur Willemsen
- Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mark G Van Vledder
- Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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30
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Hodge JG, Zamierowski DS, Robinson JL, Mellott AJ. Evaluating polymeric biomaterials to improve next generation wound dressing design. Biomater Res 2022; 26:50. [PMID: 36183134 PMCID: PMC9526981 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic series of interconnected events with the ultimate goal of promoting neotissue formation and restoration of anatomical function. Yet, the complexity of wound healing can often result in development of complex, chronic wounds, which currently results in a significant strain and burden to our healthcare system. The advancement of new and effective wound care therapies remains a critical issue, with the current therapeutic modalities often remaining inadequate. Notably, the field of tissue engineering has grown significantly in the last several years, in part, due to the diverse properties and applications of polymeric biomaterials. The interdisciplinary cohesion of the chemical, biological, physical, and material sciences is pertinent to advancing our current understanding of biomaterials and generating new wound care modalities. However, there is still room for closing the gap between the clinical and material science realms in order to more effectively develop novel wound care therapies that aid in the treatment of complex wounds. Thus, in this review, we discuss key material science principles in the context of polymeric biomaterials, provide a clinical breadth to discuss how these properties affect wound dressing design, and the role of polymeric biomaterials in the innovation and design of the next generation of wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Hodge
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David S Zamierowski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jennifer L Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Mail Stop: 3051, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Lawrence, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Adam J Mellott
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Eickhoff R, Antusch S, Baumgärtner S, Nötzel D, Hanemann T. Feedstock Development for Material Extrusion-Based Printing of Ti6Al4V Parts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15186442. [PMID: 36143753 PMCID: PMC9502915 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a holistic approach for the fabrication of dense Ti6Al4V parts via material extrusion methods (MEX), such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused feedstock deposition (FFD), will be presented. With respect to the requirements of the printing process, a comprehensive investigation of the feedstock development will be described. This covers mainly the amount ratio variation of the main binder components LDPE (low-density polyethylene), HDPE (high-density polyethylene), and wax, characterized by shear and oscillation rheology. Solid content of 60 vol% allowed the 3D printing of even more complex small parts in a reproducible manner. In some cases, the pellet-based FFD seems to be superior to the established FFF. After sintering, a density of 96.6% of theory could be achieved, an additional hot isostatic pressing delivered density values better than 99% of theory. The requirements (mechanical properties, carbon, and oxygen content) for the usage of medical implants (following ASTM F2885-17) were partially fulfilled or shortly missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Eickhoff
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Steffen Antusch
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Baumgärtner
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dorit Nötzel
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102,D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hanemann
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102,D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-721-608-22585
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Leon-Becerra J, González-Estrada OA, Sánchez-Acevedo H. Comparison of Models to Predict Mechanical Properties of FR-AM Composites and a Fractographical Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173546. [PMID: 36080625 PMCID: PMC9460192 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous fiber-reinforced additive manufacturing (cFRAM) composites improve the mechanical properties of polymer components. Given the recent interest in their mechanical performance and failure mechanisms, this work aims to describe the principal failure mechanisms and compare the prediction capabilities for the mechanical properties, stiffness constants, and strength of cFRAM using two distinct predictive models. This work presents experimental tensile tests of continuous carbon fiber AM composites varying their reinforced fraction, printing direction, and fiber angle. In the first predictive model, a micromechanical-based model for stiffness and strength predicts their macroscopic response. In the second part, data-driven models using different machine learning algorithms for regression are trained to predict stiffness and strength based on critical parameters. Both models are assessed regarding their accuracy, ease of implementation, and generalization capabilities. Moreover, microstructural images are used for a qualitative evaluation of the parameters and their influence on the macroscopic response and failure surface topology. Finally, we conclude that although predicting the mechanical properties of cFRAM is a complex task, it can be carried on a Gaussian process regression and a micromechanical model, with good accuracy generalized onto different process parameters specimens.
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Amaechi CV, Adefuye EF, Kgosiemang IM, Huang B, Amaechi EC. Scientometric Review for Research Patterns on Additive Manufacturing of Lattice Structures. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155323. [PMID: 35955258 PMCID: PMC9369840 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, interest in additive manufacturing (AM) on lattice structures has significantly increased in producing 3D/4D objects. The purpose of this study is to gain a thorough grasp of the research pattern and the condition of the field’s research today as well as identify obstacles towards future research. To accomplish the purpose, this work undertakes a scientometric analysis of the international research conducted on additive manufacturing for lattice structure materials published from 2002 to 2022. A total of 1290 journal articles from the Web of Science (WoS) database and 1766 journal articles from the Scopus database were found using a search system. This paper applied scientometric science, which is based on bibliometric analysis. The data were subjected to a scientometric study, which looked at the number of publications, authorship, regions by countries, keyword co-occurrence, literature coupling, and scientometric mapping. VOSviewer was used to establish research patterns, visualize maps, and identify transcendental issues. Thus, the quantitative determination of the primary research framework, papers, and themes of this research field was possible. In order to shed light on current developments in additive manufacturing for lattice structures, an extensive systematic study is provided. The scientometric analysis revealed a strong bias towards researching AM on lattice structures but little concentration on technologies that emerge from it. It also outlined its unmet research needs, which can benefit both the industry and academia. This review makes a prediction for the future, with contributions by educating researchers, manufacturers, and other experts on the current state of AM for lattice structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemela Victor Amaechi
- School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YR, UK
- Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON), 52 Lome Crescent, Wuse Zone 7, Abuja 900287, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (C.V.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Emmanuel Folarin Adefuye
- School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YR, UK
- Department of Mechanical/MetalWork Technology, Federal College of Education [Technical], Akoka 100001, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (C.V.A.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Irish Mpho Kgosiemang
- Department of Management, University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN), Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
| | - Bo Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
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Thermal Layer Design in Fused Filament Fabrication. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current limitations of design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) are the state of knowledge on materials and the effects of production parameters. As more engineering-grade polymers become available for fused filament fabrication (FFF), the designs and processes must be adapted to fully utilize the structural properties of such materials. By studying and comparing the production parameters of a material test specimen and a component, the effects of layer temperature on the strength, surface roughness, and dimensional accuracy of PA6-CF were found. As the cross-section increases in component manufacturing, maintaining the layer temperature becomes a major challenge. From the findings, the concept of thermal layer design (TLD) was introduced as a way of increasing strength via temperature in selected regions after presenting the effect of layer temperature. TLD proved to have a major effect on layer temperature and heat distribution. Depending on the investigated layer temperature, from 147 °C to 193 °C the UTS of PA6-CF increased from 42 MPa to 73 MPa. Implementing TLD in DfAM represents a big leap for designing high-performance polymer components.
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Frasheri I, Aumer K, Keßler A, Miosge N, Folwaczny M. Effects of resin materials dedicated for additive manufacturing of temporary dental restorations on human gingival keratinocytes. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:1105-1112. [PMID: 35731110 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of eluates of conventional and 3D-printed resin materials for manufacturing temporary dental restorations on gingival keratinocytes. METHODS Three-dimensional (3D)-printed resin materials: 3Delta temp (Deltamed), NextDent MFH (Nextdent), Freeprint temp (Detax), GC temp (GC), were compared to Grandio disc (Voco) and Luxatemp (DMG). Human gingival keratinocytes (IHGKs) were exposed to eluates of the materials and XTT assays were performed at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, or 144 h. For quantification of the proinflammatory response, the protein amount of IL-6 and 8 was determined in the supernatants using ELISA. One-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis was used to compare differences in cell viability and IL-6 and IL-8 levels between groups. RESULTS At 24 h, and more remarkably at 48 h, a significant decrease in cell viability occurred for the 3D-printed materials compared to the untreated IHGKs, but also compared to Grandio disc and Luxatemp. Except for the expression of IL-8 in presence of the eluate of Grandio disc at 24 and 48 h, all tested materials caused attenuation of IL-6 and 8 from IHGKs for any observation period. CONCLUSIONS The materials for additive manufacturing affect cell proliferation differently than the subtractive manufactured material Grandio disc and the conventional material Luxatemp. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In comparison to conventional and subtractive manufactured restorations, 3D printed temporary restorations might induce more negative effects on the gingival and probably also on pulpal health since viability and the proinflammatory response of oral keratinocytes are more intensively affected by these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Frasheri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Aumer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Keßler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Miosge
- Tissue Regeneration Work Group, Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Wu Y, Lu Y, Zhao M, Bosiakov S, Li L. A Critical Review of Additive Manufacturing Techniques and Associated Biomaterials Used in Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102117. [PMID: 35631999 PMCID: PMC9143308 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ability to fabricate complex structures while meeting individual needs, additive manufacturing (AM) offers unprecedented opportunities for bone tissue engineering in the biomedical field. However, traditional metal implants have many adverse effects due to their poor integration with host tissues, and therefore new material implants with porous structures are gradually being developed that are suitable for clinical medical applications. From the perspectives of additive manufacturing technology and materials, this article discusses a suitable manufacturing process for ideal materials for biological bone tissue engineering. It begins with a review of the methods and applicable materials in existing additive manufacturing technologies and their applications in biomedicine, introducing the advantages and disadvantages of various AM technologies. The properties of materials including metals and polymers, commonly used AM technologies, recent developments, and their applications in bone tissue engineering are discussed in detail and summarized. In addition, the main challenges for different metallic and polymer materials, such as biodegradability, anisotropy, growth factors to promote the osteogenic capacity, and enhancement of mechanical properties are also introduced. Finally, the development prospects for AM technologies and biomaterials in bone tissue engineering are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yongtao Lu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- DUT-BSU Joint Institute, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sergei Bosiakov
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Belarusian State University, No. 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence:
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Choińska M, Hrdlička V, Dejmková H, Fischer J, Míka L, Vaněčková E, Kolivoška V, Navrátil T. Applicability of Selected 3D Printing Materials in Electrochemistry. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050308. [PMID: 35624610 PMCID: PMC9138249 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript investigates the chemical and structural stability of 3D printing materials (3DPMs) frequently used in electrochemistry. Four 3D printing materials were studied: Clear photopolymer, Elastic photopolymer, PET filament, and PLA filament. Their stability, solubility, structural changes, flexibility, hardness, and color changes were investigated after exposure to selected organic solvents and supporting electrolytes. Furthermore, the available potential windows and behavior of redox probes in selected supporting electrolytes were investigated before and after the exposure of the 3D-printed objects to the electrolytes at various working electrodes. Possible electrochemically active interferences with an origin from the 3DPMs were also monitored to provide a comprehensive outline for the use of 3DPMs in electrochemical platform manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Choińska
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Vojtěch Hrdlička
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Hana Dejmková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Jan Fischer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Luděk Míka
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Eva Vaněčková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-266-051-111
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Rajakaruna RADNV, Subeshan B, Asmatulu E. Fabrication of hydrophobic PLA filaments for additive manufacturing. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022; 57:8987-9001. [PMID: 35527806 PMCID: PMC9053124 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-022-07217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an ever-greater need for self-cleaning and water-repelling properties of hydrophobic materials at this time in history, mainly due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the fabrication processes used to create hydrophobic materials are typically time-consuming and costly. Thus, this study aims to create hydrophobic materials based on low-cost manufacturing. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) was mixed with various concentrations of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with the aid of solvents, chloroform, and acetone, through the solvent casting and melt extrusion process, which is capable of producing hydrophobic PLA filaments suitable for additive manufacturing (AM). Water contact angle (WCA) measurements were performed to verify the improved hydrophobicity of PLA/HDTMS/PTFE filaments. According to the results, it was discovered that the best filament WCAs were achieved with 2 g (10 wt%) of PLA, 0.2 ml of HDTMS, and 1 ml of PTFE (2 g PLA + 0.2 ml HDTMS + 1 ml PTFE), producing an average WCA of 131.6° and the highest WCA of 132.7°. These results indicate that adding HDTMS and PTFE to PLA significantly enhances filament hydrophobicity. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques were utilized to characterize the surface morphology, molecular interactions, and thermal decompositions of the prepared PLA/HDTMS/PTFE filaments. This study revealed that compared to 2 g of pure PLA filament, HDTMS and PTFE altered the microstructure of the filament. Its thermal degradation temperature was impacted, but the melting temperature was not. Therefore, the PLA/HDTMS/PTFE filament is good enough to be printed by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) AM process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balakrishnan Subeshan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - Eylem Asmatulu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
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Additive Manufacturing Strategies for Personalized Drug Delivery Systems and Medical Devices: Fused Filament Fabrication and Semi Solid Extrusion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092784. [PMID: 35566146 PMCID: PMC9100145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel additive manufacturing (AM) techniques and particularly 3D printing (3DP) have achieved a decade of success in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Highly innovative personalized therapeutical solutions may be designed and manufactured through a layer-by-layer approach starting from a digital model realized according to the needs of a specific patient or a patient group. The combination of patient-tailored drug dose, dosage, or diagnostic form (shape and size) and drug release adjustment has the potential to ensure the optimal patient therapy. Among the different 3D printing techniques, extrusion-based technologies, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) and semi solid extrusion (SSE), are the most investigated for their high versatility, precision, feasibility, and cheapness. This review provides an overview on different 3DP techniques to produce personalized drug delivery systems and medical devices, highlighting, for each method, the critical printing process parameters, the main starting materials, as well as advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the recent developments of fused filament fabrication and semi solid extrusion 3DP are discussed. In this regard, the current state of the art, based on a detailed literature survey of the different 3D products printed via extrusion-based techniques, envisioning future directions in the clinical applications and diffusion of such systems, is summarized.
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Polymer Composites Based on Glycol-Modified Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Applied to Additive Manufacturing Using Melted and Extruded Manufacturing Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081605. [PMID: 35458355 PMCID: PMC9033097 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the work, innovative polymer composites dedicated to 3D printing applications were developed. For this purpose, the influence of modified fillers, such as silica modified with alumina, bentonite modified with quaternary ammonium salt, and hybrid filler lignin/silicon dioxide, on the functional properties of composites based on glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET-G) was investigated. In the first part of the work, using the proprietary technological line, filaments from unfilled polymer and its composites were obtained, which contained modified fillers in an amount from 1.5% to 3.0% by weight. The fittings for the testing of functional properties were obtained using the 3D printing technique in the Melted and Extruded Manufacturing (MEM) technology and the injection molding technique. In a later part of the work, rheological properties such as mass melt flow rate (MFR) and viscosity, and mechanical properties such as Rockwell hardness, Charpy impact strength, and static tensile strength with Young's modulus were presented. The structure of the obtained composites was also described and determined using scanning electron microscopy with an attachment for the microanalysis of chemical composition (SEM/EDS) and the atomic force microscope (AFM). The correct dispersion of the fillers in the polymer matrix was confirmed by wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis (WAXS). In turn, the physicochemical properties were presented on the basis of the research results: thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that both the amount and the type of fillers used significantly affected the functional properties of the tested composites.
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Baba MN. Flatwise to Upright Build Orientations under Three-Point Bending Test of Nylon 12 (PA12) Additively Manufactured by SLS. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051026. [PMID: 35267849 PMCID: PMC8914917 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes in detail a series of static tests conducted in a three-point bend configuration on three build orientations (i.e., 0°, 45°, and 90°) of additively manufactured Nylon 12 (PA12) specimens produced with a powder refresh ratio of 50%, using a benchtop industrial SLS platform, Formlabs Fuse 1. The bending strength and flexural elasticity moduli are determined following ISO 173 specifications and by employing a more complex equation that considers the influence of large deflections as per ISO 14125 indications. Statistical variability of experimental data is considered and compared to the results from the literature. Through a fractographic SEM study, the damage morphologies of tested specimens are analyzed and associated with the recorded load-deflection curves for an accurate perception of build orientation-dependent anisotropy in bending properties of AM PA12 SLS specimens. A surprising result of this investigation is that the specimens built with 45° orientation showed superior modulus elasticity in flexure but a low bending strength compared to flatwise oriented specimens. In addition, a Weibull reliability quantification of bending strength is adapted to pinpoint the effects of internal 3D printing flaws (contained within a characteristic highly-stressed volume of material) over the failure probability of the three build orientations in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Nicolae Baba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Transilvania University of Brașov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
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42
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Calle Luzuriaga M, Ávila EE, Viloria DA. Porous frameworks from Ecuadorian clays. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.01.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This research provides a literature review on several topics as a foundation to comprehend porous materials, their structure, and behavior to explore how they can be derived from clays and nanoclays. In this case, considering the several minerals present in some Ecuadorian clays, which are a potential starting material for the synthesis of porous frameworks, they constitute a solid source of metal atoms such as Silicon or Aluminum. This research presents the evaluation and characterization via XRD and AAS of clay samples collected in the southeast of Ecuador in the provinces of Azuay, Morona Santiago and Zamora Chinchipe, which present diversified soil mineralogy with many chemical and crystallographic features for suitable precursors in nanomaterials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Calle Luzuriaga
- Universidad de Tecnología Experimental Yachay Tech, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas e Ingenieria, Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP)
| | - Edward E. Ávila
- Universidad de Tecnología Experimental Yachay Tech, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas e Ingenieria, Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP)
| | - Dario Alfredo Viloria
- Universidad de Tecnología Experimental Yachay Tech, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas e Ingenieria, Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP)
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43
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Xu P, Chen H, Li M, Lu W. New Opportunity: Machine Learning for Polymer Materials Design and Discovery. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Mathematics College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Minjie Li
- Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Wencong Lu
- Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
- Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
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Vidakis N, Petousis M, Michailidis N, Grammatikos S, David CN, Mountakis N, Argyros A, Boura O. Development and Optimization of Medical-Grade Multi-Functional Polyamide 12-Cuprous Oxide Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties for Cost-Effective 3D Printing. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030534. [PMID: 35159879 PMCID: PMC8838813 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, nanocomposites of medical-grade polyamide 12 (PA12) with incorporated copper (I) oxide (cuprous oxide-Cu2O) were prepared and fully characterized for their mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties. The investigation was performed on specimens manufactured by fused filament fabrication (FFF) and aimed to produce multi-purpose geometrically complex nanocomposite materials that could be employed in medical, food, and other sectors. Tensile, flexural, impact and Vickers microhardness measurements were conducted on the 3D-printed specimens. The fractographic inspection was conducted utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to determine the fracture mechanism and qualitatively evaluate the process. Moreover, the thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (D/TGA). Finally, their antibacterial performance was assessed through a screening method of well agar diffusion. The results demonstrate that the overall optimum performance was achieved for the nanocomposites with 2.0 wt.% loading, while 0.5 wt.% to 4.0 wt.% loading was concluded to have discrete improvements of either the mechanical, the thermal, or the antibacterial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nectarios Vidakis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (N.V.); (M.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Markos Petousis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (N.V.); (M.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Nikolaos Michailidis
- Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; (N.M.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Research & Development of Advanced Materials (CERDAM), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, 57001 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Sotirios Grammatikos
- Group of Sustainable Composites, Department of Manufacturing and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-905-77-561
| | - Constantine N. David
- Manufacturing Technology & Production Systems Laboratory, School of Engineering, International Hellenic University (Serres Campus), 62124 Serres, Macedonia, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Mountakis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (N.V.); (M.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Apostolos Argyros
- Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; (N.M.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Research & Development of Advanced Materials (CERDAM), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, 57001 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Orsa Boura
- Group of Sustainable Composites, Department of Manufacturing and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway;
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Experimental and modeling investigation on thermodynamic effect of graphene doped shape memory epoxy composites. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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EL-Ghoul Y, Alminderej FM, Alsubaie FM, Alrasheed R, Almousa NH. Recent Advances in Functional Polymer Materials for Energy, Water, and Biomedical Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4327. [PMID: 34960878 PMCID: PMC8708011 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Academic research regarding polymeric materials has been of great interest. Likewise, polymer industries are considered as the most familiar petrochemical industries. Despite the valuable and continuous advancements in various polymeric material technologies over the last century, many varieties and advances related to the field of polymer science and engineering still promise a great potential for exciting new applications. Research, development, and industrial support have been the key factors behind the great progress in the field of polymer applications. This work provides insight into the recent energy applications of polymers, including energy storage and production. The study of polymeric materials in the field of enhanced oil recovery and water treatment technologies will be presented and evaluated. In addition, in this review, we wish to emphasize the great importance of various functional polymers as effective adsorbents of organic pollutants from industrial wastewater. Furthermore, recent advances in biomedical applications are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine EL-Ghoul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehaid M. Alsubaie
- National Center for Chemical Catalysis Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Radwan Alrasheed
- National Center for Desalination & Water Treatment Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Norah H. Almousa
- National Center for Chemical Catalysis Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
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del-Mazo-Barbara L, Ginebra MP. Rheological characterisation of ceramic inks for 3D direct ink writing: A review. Ann Ital Chir 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Fu B, Shen J, Chen Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Liu H, Huang W. Narrative review of gene modification: applications in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1502. [PMID: 34805364 PMCID: PMC8573440 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective This article focused on the application scenarios of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and gene-editing technology in various medical fields, including gene therapy, tissue engineering, tumor microenvironment simulation, tumor model construction, cancer regulation and expression, osteogenesis, and skin and vascular regeneration, and summarizing its development prospects and shortcomings. Background 3D bioprinting is a process based on additive manufacturing that uses biological materials as the microenvironment living cells. The scaffolds and carriers manufactured by 3D bioprinting technology provide a safe, efficient, and economical platform for genes, cells, and biomolecules. Gene modification refers to replacing, splicing, silencing, editing, controlling or inactivating genes and delivering new genes. The combination of this technology that changes cell function or cell fate or corrects endogenous mutations and 3D bioprinting technology has been widely used in various medical field. Methods We conducted a literature search for papers published up to March 2021 on the gene modification combined with 3D bioprinting in various medical fields via PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The following medical subject heading terms were included for a MEDLINE search: “3D printing/gene editing”, “3D printing/genetic modification”, “3D printing/seed cell”, “bioprinting/gene editing”, “bioprinting/genetic modification”, “bioprinting/seed cell”, “scaffold/gene editing”, “scaffold/genetic modification”, “scaffold/seed cell”, “gene/scaffold”, “gene/bioprinting”, “gene/3D printing”. Quantitative and qualitative data was extracted through interpretation of each article. Conclusions We have reviewed the application scenarios of 3D bioprinting and gene-editing technology in various medical fields, it provides an efficient and accurate delivery system for personalized tumor therapy, enhancing the targeting effect while maintaining the integrity of the fabricated structure. It exhibits significant application potential in developing tumor drugs. In addition, scaffolds obtained via 3D bioprinting provide gene therapy applications for skin and bone healing and repair and inducing stem cell differentiation. It also considers the future development direction in this field, such as the emergence and development of gene printing, 4D printing. The combination of nanotechnology and gene printing may provide a new way for future disease research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Guangdong Provincial Medical 3D Printing Application Transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Heshi Zhang
- Department of Vessel & Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Hospital (TCM) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Guangdong Provincial Medical 3D Printing Application Transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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Mechanical Performance of Fused Filament Fabricated and 3D-Printed Polycarbonate Polymer and Polycarbonate/Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposites. FIBERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fib9110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, nanocomposites were fabricated with polycarbonate (PC) as the matrix material. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) at low filler loadings (0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) was used as the filler. Samples were produced using melt mixing extrusion with the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process. The optimum 3D-printing parameters were experimentally determined and the required specimens for each tested material were manufactured using FFF 3D printing. Tests conducted for mechanical performance were tensile, flexural, impact, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) tests, while images of the side and the fracture area of the specimens were acquired using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), aiming to determine the morphology of the specimens and the fracture mechanism. It was concluded that the filler’s ratio addition of 0.5 wt.% created the optimum performance when compared to pure PC and PC CNF 1.0 wt.% nanocomposite material.
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Pal AK, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Additive manufacturing technology of polymeric materials for customized products: recent developments and future prospective. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36398-36438. [PMID: 35494368 PMCID: PMC9043570 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide demand for additive manufacturing (AM) is increasing due to its ability to produce more challenging customized objects based on the process parameters for engineering applications. The processing of conventional materials by AM processes is a critically demanded research stream, which has generated a path-breaking scenario in the rapid manufacturing and upcycling of plastics. The exponential growth of AM in the worldwide polymer market is expected to exceed 20 billion US dollars by 2021 in areas of automotive, medical, aerospace, energy and customized consumer products. The development of functional polymers and composites by 3D printing-based technologies has been explored significantly due to its cost-effective, easier integration into customized geometries, higher efficacy, higher precision, freedom of material utilization as compared to traditional injection molding, and thermoforming techniques. Since polymers are the most explored class of materials in AM to overcome the limitations, this review describes the latest research conducted on petroleum-based polymers and their composites using various AM techniques such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA) related to 3D printing in engineering applications such as biomedical, automotive, aerospace and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Pal
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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