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Rathod SL, Sharma VS, Patel KR, Mali HA, Shrivastav PS, Parekh HM. Lower rim functionalized bowl-shaped resorcin[4]arene with alkyl arms: a simplified approach to build supramolecular liquid crystals. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Asgari M, Memarian HR, Sabzyan H. Cyclic voltammetric and DFT computational studies of 3,5-disubstituted 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles: Steric and electronic effects. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base Polymers via Metal Coordination and Its Application in Infrared Stealth Coating. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214563. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce the infrared emissivity to meet the requirements of modern warfare for infrared stealth materials, we prepared the polymers containing Schiff base moieties using polyetheramine and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde by solution polycondensation and coordinated with Ni2+, Cu2+, and Sm3+ ions to prepare organic coatings. The structure and the thermal and mechanical properties of the coatings were studied in detail. Meanwhile, the effect of the conductivity change of coordination polymers on infrared emissivity was studied systematically. The results showed the polymer coordinated with Sm3+ ions had the lowest energy band gap, which was 2.99 eV, and the best electrical conductivity of 3.54 × 10−4 S/cm compared with Ni2+ and Cu2+ coordination polymers. The infrared emissivity was the lowest in the 2–22 μm infrared waveband range, which reached 0.58, suggesting the polymers containing Schiff base moieties and their coordination polymers may have a great potential to be applied as infrared stealth materials in military applications.
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Soroceanu M, Constantin CP, Damaceanu MD. Polynaphthylimide–Azomethines Containing Triphenylamine or Carbazole Moieties with Tuned Optoelectronic Properties through Molecular Design. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185761. [PMID: 36144497 PMCID: PMC9504240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyazomethines containing electron-donor triphenylamine (TPA) or carbazole (Cbz) and electron-acceptor naphthyl(di)imide were synthesized and investigated with regard to thermal, optical and electronic features, with a focus on their modulation by molecular design. The polycondesation of an imido-based diamine with a Cbz- or TPA-based dialdehyde led to donor-acceptor polymers with good thermostability, up to 318 °C. These displayed good solubility in organic solvents, which enabled easy polymer processability in thin films with different molecular assemblies. The molecular order improved the charge carrier’s mobility, with a direct impact on the bandgap energy. The optical properties studied by UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence experiments showed solvent-dependence, characteristic for donor-acceptor systems. The structural parameters exerted a strong influence on the light-emissive behavior, with the prevalence of intrinsic or intramolecular charge transfer fluorescence contingent on the donor-acceptor strength and polymer geometry. All polymers showed good electroactivity, supporting both electrons and holes transport. The exchange of Cbz with TPA proved to be an efficient tool with which to decrease the bandgap energy, while that of naphthyl(di)imide with bis(naphthylimide) was beneficial for fluorescence enhancement. This study may contribute to a deeper understanding of the physico-chemistry of electronic materials so as to make them more competitive in the newest energy-related or other optoelectronic devices.
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Pająk AK, Kotowicz S, Gnida P, Małecki JG, Ciemięga A, Łuczak A, Jung J, Schab-Balcerzak E. Synthesis and Characterization of New Conjugated Azomethines End-Capped with Amino-thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic Acid Diethyl Ester. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158160. [PMID: 35897736 PMCID: PMC9330727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of thiophene-based azomethines differing in the core structure was synthesized. The effect of the central core structure in azomethines on the thermal, optical and electrochemical properties was investigated. The obtained compounds exhibited the ability to form a stable amorphous phase with a high glass transition temperature above 100 °C. They were electrochemically active and undergo oxidation and reduction processes. The highest occupied (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular (LUMO) orbitals were in the range of −3.86–−3.60 eV and −5.46–−5.17 eV, respectively, resulting in a very low energy band gap below 1.7 eV. Optical investigations were performed in the solvents with various polarity and in the solid state as a thin film deposited on a glass substrate. The synthesized imines absorbed radiation from 350 to 600 nm, depending on its structure and showed weak emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield below 2.5%. The photophysical investigations were supported by theoretical calculations using the density functional theory. The synthesized imines doped with lithium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide were examined as hole transporting materials (HTM) in hybrid inorganic-organic perovskite solar cells. It was found that both a volume of lithium salt and core imine structure significantly impact device performance. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE), being about 35–63% higher compared to other devices, exhibited cells based on the imine containing a core tiphenylamine unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Katarzyna Pająk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (E.S.-B.)
| | - Paweł Gnida
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Ciemięga
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Bałtycka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Adam Łuczak
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.Ł.); (J.J.)
| | - Jarosław Jung
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.Ł.); (J.J.)
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (E.S.-B.)
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Guo Y, Li Z, Sha M, Deng P, Lin X, Li J, Zhang L, Yin H, Zhan H. Synthesis of a Low-Cost Thiophene-Indoloquinoxaline Polymer Donor and Its Application to Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081554. [PMID: 35458305 PMCID: PMC9030569 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple wide-bandgap conjugated polymer based on indoloquinoxaline unit (PIQ) has been newly designed and synthesized via cheap and commercially available starting materials. The basic physicochemical properties of the PIQ have been investigated. PIQ possesses a broad and strong absorption band in the wavelength range of 400~660 nm with a bandgap of 1.80 eV and lower-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of −5.58 eV. Polymer solar cells based on PIQ and popular acceptor Y6 blend display a preliminarily optimized power conversion efficiency of 6.4%. The results demonstrate indoloquinoxaline is a promising building unit for designing polymer donor materials for polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zeyang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Mengzhen Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Ping Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xinyu Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
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Hajduk B, Bednarski H, Jarka P, Janeczek H, Godzierz M, Tański T. Thermal and optical properties of PMMA films reinforced with Nb 2O 5 nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22531. [PMID: 34795332 PMCID: PMC8602437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the thermal and physical properties of PMMA composite films with the addition of Nb2O5 nanoparticles. The addition of nanoparticles to PMMA mainly influenced the optical transmission and glass transition temperature of composite films compared to pure PMMA. It is clearly visible in the results of the conducted ellipsometric and differential scanning calorimetry tests. X-ray studies showed that the heat treatment of the samples resulted in the ordering of the polymer structure (flattening of the polymer chains). Examining the surface of the samples with scanning electron microscopy, it can be seen that Nb2O5 nanoparticles formed unusual, branched formations resembling "snowflakes".
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hajduk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - H Bednarski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - P Jarka
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego str., 41-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - H Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Godzierz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - T Tański
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego str., 41-100, Gliwice, Poland
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Nitschke P, Jarząbek B, Bejan AE, Damaceanu MD. Effect of Protonation on Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Thiophene-Phenylene-Based Schiff Bases with Alkoxy Side Groups. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8588-8600. [PMID: 34313112 PMCID: PMC8389983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Three polyazomethines
and their corresponding model compounds were
protonated with trifluoroacetic acid, and its effect on their optical
(UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence) properties and electrochemical
behavior has been studied, in the context of the presence and elongation
of alkoxy side groups. Moreover, the effect of environment dielectric
constants (i.e., polarity of the solvent) was considered on the doping
process. It has been proven that the presence of alkoxy side groups
is necessary for protonation to occur, while unsubstituted compounds
undergo hydrolysis to constitutive units. Acid doping of imines consisting
of alkoxy side chains has resulted in a distinct bathochromic shift
(>200 nm) of the low-energy absorption band. Even the length of
alkyl
chains has not affected the position of shifted bands; it has been
observed that azomethines with smaller, methoxy side groups undergo
the protonation process much faster than their octyloxy-substituted
analogues, due to the absence of steric hindrance. The electrochemical
studies of these alkoxy-substituted imines have indicated a better
p-type behavior after protonation induced by the capability of the
protonated form to easily oxidize in acetonitrile and to generate
the native molecules. The environmental polarity has also had impact
on the doping process, which took place only in low-polar media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Nitschke
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., Zabrze 41-819, Poland
| | - Bożena Jarząbek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., Zabrze 41-819, Poland
| | - Andra-Elena Bejan
- Electroactive Polymers and Plasmochemistry Laboratory, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Vodă nr. 41A, Iaşi 700487, Romania
| | - Mariana-Dana Damaceanu
- Electroactive Polymers and Plasmochemistry Laboratory, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Vodă nr. 41A, Iaşi 700487, Romania
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