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Ogawa Y, Naito K, Harada K, Oguma H. Proposal of Evaluation Method for Crack Propagation Behaviors of Second-Generation Acrylic Adhesives under Mode I Static Loading. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081878. [PMID: 37112025 PMCID: PMC10142537 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Second-generation acrylic (SGA) adhesives, possessing high strength and toughness, are applicable in automotive body structures. Few studies have considered the fracture toughness of the SGA adhesives. This study entailed a comparative analysis of the critical separation energy for all three SGA adhesives and an examination of the mechanical properties of the bond. Loading-unloading test was performed to evaluate crack propagation behaviors. In the loading-unloading test of the SGA adhesive with high ductility, plastic deformation was observed in the steel adherends; the arrest load dominated the propagation and non-propagation of crack for adhesive. The critical separation energy of this adhesive was assessed by the arrest load. In contrast, for the SGA adhesives with high tensile strength and modulus, the load suddenly decreased during loading, and the steel adherend was not plastically deformed. The critical separation energies of these adhesives were assessed using the inelastic load. The critical separation energies for all the adhesives were higher for thicker adhesive. Particularly, the critical separation energies of the highly ductile adhesives were more affected by the adhesive thickness than highly strength adhesives. The critical separation energy from the analysis using the cohesive zone model agreed with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ogawa
- Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composite Materials Group, Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute of Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composite Materials Group, Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute of Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Keisuke Harada
- Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composite Materials Group, Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute of Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
- Naval Platform and Signature Technology Division, Naval Systems Research Center, Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency, 2-2-1 Nakameguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8630, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oguma
- Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composite Materials Group, Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute of Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
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Wei B, Yu C, Bai Y, Liu L, He J. Preparation Optimization of CFRP and EPDM Composite by the Co-Curing Method. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:503. [PMID: 36676238 PMCID: PMC9865802 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the requirements of aerospace technology become more rigorous, the performance of solid rocket motor (SRM) cases needs to be further optimized. In the present study, a co-curing technique was used to fabricate carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) composites whereby the properties of CFRP/EPDM composites were adjusted by varying the temperature, heating time and type of vulcanizing agent to obtain the optimum manufacturing process. The results of crosslink density (3.459 × 10-4 mol/cm3) tested by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a 90° peel strength test (2.342 N/mm), and an interlaminar shear test (ILSS = 82.08 MPa) demonstrated that the optimum mechanical properties of composites were obtained under the temperature 160 °C heated for 20 min with the curing agent DCP/S. The interfacial phase and bonding mechanism of composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) further indicated that EPDM/DCP/S had favorable thermal stability. This will provide valuable recommendations for the optimization of the SRM shell preparation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxiao Wei
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Wuxi HIT New Material Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214183, China
| | - Chen Yu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongping Bai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Wuxi HIT New Material Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214183, China
| | - Li Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jinmei He
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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