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Yuan R, Zhou S, Xiong X, Yang D, Lin D, Li T, He B, Wei G, Qu S. Enhanced mechanic properties of calcium phosphate cements via mussel-inspired adhesive as bone substitute: Highlights of their interactions. Biomed Mater Eng 2024; 35:13-26. [PMID: 37599515 DOI: 10.3233/bme-230017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inspired by natural bones, many organic components were added to Calcium Phosphate Cements (CPCs) to improve their mechanical strength. However, the strength of these composite CPCs is limited by the low strength of organic components itself and the weak interaction between organic components and CPCs. OBJECTIVE Firstly, a composite CPC containing mussel-inspired adhesive, Poly-(Dopamine Methacrylamide-co-2-methoxy Ethylacrylate) (pDM) was developed. Secondly, the interactions between pDM and CPC and their effect on mechanical properties were investigated. METHODS The interactions between pDM and CPC were performed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Laser Raman, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction Analysis. RESULTS The toughness and compressive strength of pDM-CPC scaffold were both significantly enhanced, because of the enhanced interface binding strength among CPC and pDM due to their interaction and the improved mechanical strength of pDM owing to its self-oxidation cross-linking. The toughness of pDM-CPC scaffolds increased with the increased contents of pDM, while pDM-CPC scaffold containing 35 wt.% pDM had the highest compressive strength of all, which the latter was more than five times compared to that of CPC. CONCLUSION The mechanically strong pDM-CPC scaffolds has potential application in bone regeneration as well as in craniofacial and orthopedic repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sijie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Xiong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiyi Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guihua Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxin Qu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Tian Y, Sun R, Li Y, Liu P, Fan B, Xue Y. Research progress on the application of magnesium phosphate bone cement in bone defect repair: A review. Biomed Mater Eng 2024; 35:265-278. [PMID: 38728179 DOI: 10.3233/bme-230164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone defects arising from diverse causes, such as traffic accidents, contemporary weapon usage, and bone-related disorders, present significant challenges in clinical treatment. Prolonged treatment cycles for bone defects can result in complications, impacting patients' overall quality of life. Efficient and timely repair of bone defects is thus a critical concern in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the scientific progress and achievements of magnesium phosphate bone cement (MPC) as an artificial bone substitute material. Additionally, the research seeks to explore the future development path and clinical potential of MPC bone cement in addressing challenges associated with bone defects. METHODS The study comprehensively reviews MPC's performance, encompassing e.g. mechanical properties, biocompatibility, porosity, adhesion and injectability. Various modifiers are also considered to broaden MPC's applications in bone tissue engineering, emphasizing drug-loading performance and antibacterial capabilities, which meet clinical diversification requirements. RESULTS In comparison to alternatives such as autogenous bone transplantation, allograft, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and calcium phosphate cement (CPC), MPC emerges as a promising solution for bone defects. It addresses limitations associated with these alternatives, such as immunological rejection and long-term harm to patients. MPC can control heat release during the curing process, exhibits superior mechanical strength, and has the capacity to stimulate new bone growth. CONCLUSION MPC stands out as an artificial bone substitute with appropriate mechanical strength, rapid degradation, non-toxicity, and good biocompatibility, facilitating bone repair and regeneration. Modification agents can enhance its clinical versatility. Future research should delve into its mechanical properties and formulations, expanding clinical applications to create higher-performing and more medically valuable alternatives in bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Tian
- 940 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruilong Sun
- 940 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- 940 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- 940 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Fan
- 940 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yun Xue
- 940 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Lanzhou, China
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Yu L, Shen Y, Yang J, Feng X, Zhou C, Lin J. Enhancing cranial defect repair in rats: investigating the effect of combining Total Flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae with calcium phosphate/collagen scaffolds. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:903. [PMID: 38017558 PMCID: PMC10683164 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) in conjunction with a calcium phosphate/collagen scaffold for the repair of cranial defects in rats. METHODS The subjects, rats, were segregated into four groups: Control, TFRD, Scaffold, and TFRD + Scaffold. Cranial critical bone defects, 5 mm in diameter, were artificially induced through precise drilling. Post-surgery, at intervals of 2, 4, and 8 weeks, micro-CT scans were conducted to evaluate the progress of skull repair. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining techniques were applied to discern morphological disparities, and immunohistochemical staining was utilized to ascertain the expression levels of local osteogenic active factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and osteocalcin (OCN). RESULTS Upon examination at the 8-week mark, cranial defects in the Scaffold and TFRD + Scaffold cohorts manifested significant repair, with the latter group displaying only negligible foramina. Micro-CT examination unveiled relative to its counterparts, and the TFRD + Scaffold groups exhibited marked bone regeneration at the 4- and 8-week intervals. Notably, the TFRD + Scaffold group exhibited substantial bone defect repair compared to the TFRD and Scaffold groups throughout the entire observation period, while histomorphological assessment demonstrated a significantly higher collagen fiber content than the other groups after 2 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis further substantiated that the TFRD + Scaffold had augmented expression of BMP-2 at 2, 4 weeks and OCN at 2 weeks relative to other groups. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic application of TFRD and calcium phosphate/collagen scaffold has been shown to enhance bone mineralization, bone plasticity, and bone histomorphology especially during initial osteogenesis phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyang Shen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cytopathology, Ningbo Diagnostic Pathology Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changlong Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Pańtak P, Czechowska JP, Cichoń E, Zima A. Novel Double Hybrid-Type Bone Cements Based on Calcium Phosphates, Chitosan and Citrus Pectin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13455. [PMID: 37686268 PMCID: PMC10488044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the influence of the liquid phase composition on the physicochemical properties of double hybrid-type bone substitutes was investigated. The solid phase of obtained biomicroconcretes was composed of highly reactive α-tricalcium phosphate powder (α-TCP) and hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan granules (HA/CTS). Various combinations of disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) solution and citrus pectin gel were used as liquid phases. The novelty of this study is the development of double-hybrid materials with a dual setting system. The double hybrid phenomenon is due to the interactions between polycationic polymer (chitosan in hybrid granules) and polyanionic polymer (citrus pectin). The chemical and phase composition (FTIR, XRD), setting times (Gillmore needles), injectability, mechanical strength, microstructure (SEM) and chemical stability in vitro were studied. The setting times of obtained materials ranged from 4.5 to 30.5 min for initial and from 7.5 to 55.5 min for final setting times. The compressive strength varied from 5.75 to 13.24 MPa. By incorporating citrus pectin into the liquid phase of the materials, not only did it enhance their physicochemical properties, but it also resulted in the development of fully injectable materials featuring a dual setting system. It has been shown that the properties of materials can be controlled by using the appropriate ratio of citrus pectin in the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pańtak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-058 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna P. Czechowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-058 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Cichoń
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Aneta Zima
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-058 Krakow, Poland
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Ewald A, Fuchs A, Boegelein L, Grunz JP, Kneist K, Gbureck U, Hoelscher-Doht S. Degradation and Bone-Contact Biocompatibility of Two Drillable Magnesium Phosphate Bone Cements in an In Vivo Rabbit Bone Defect Model. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4650. [PMID: 37444964 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of bone-cement-enforced osteosynthesis is a growing topic in trauma surgery. In this context, drillability is a desirable feature for cements that can improve fracture stability, which most of the available cement systems lack. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated a resorbable and drillable magnesium-phosphate (MgP)-based cement paste considering degradation behavior and biocompatibility in vivo. Two different magnesium-phosphate-based cement (MPC) pastes with different amounts of phytic acid (IP 6) as setting retarder (MPC 22.5 and MPC 25) were implanted in an orthotopic defect model of the lateral femoral condyle of New Zealand white rabbits for 6 weeks. After explantation, their resorption behavior and material characteristics were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), porosimetry measurement, histological staining, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and biomechanical load-to-failure tests. Both cement pastes displayed comparable results in mechanical strength and resorption kinetics. Bone-contact biocompatibility was excellent without any signs of inflammation. Initial resorption and bone remodeling could be observed. MPC pastes with IP 6 as setting retardant have the potential to be a valuable alternative in distinct fracture patterns. Drillability, promising resorption potential and high mechanical strength confirm their suitability for use in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ewald
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fuchs
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Boegelein
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Street 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Grunz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Street 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kneist
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hoelscher-Doht
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Street 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Sheng X, Li C, Wang Z, Xu Y, Sun Y, Zhang W, Liu H, Wang J. Advanced applications of strontium-containing biomaterials in bone tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100636. [PMID: 37441138 PMCID: PMC10333686 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Strontium (Sr) and strontium ranelate (SR) are commonly used therapeutic drugs for patients suffering from osteoporosis. Researches have showed that Sr can significantly improve the biological activity and physicochemical properties of materials in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, a large number of strontium containing biomaterials have been developed for repairing bone defects and promoting osseointegration. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of Sr-containing biomaterials along with the current state of their clinical use. For this purpose, the different types of biomaterials including calcium phosphate, bioactive glass, and polymers are discussed and provided future outlook on the fabrication of the next-generation multifunctional and smart biomaterials.
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Wong SK, Yee MMF, Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S. A Review of the Application of Natural and Synthetic Scaffolds in Bone Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050286. [PMID: 37233395 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of bone defects is complicated by the presence of clinical conditions, such as critical-sized defects created by high-energy trauma, tumour resection, infection, and skeletal abnormalities, whereby the bone regeneration capacity is compromised. A bone scaffold is a three-dimensional structure matrix serving as a template to be implanted into the defects to promote vascularisation, growth factor recruitment, osteogenesis, osteoconduction, and mechanical support. This review aims to summarise the types and applications of natural and synthetic scaffolds currently adopted in bone tissue engineering. The merits and caveats of natural and synthetic scaffolds will be discussed. A naturally derived bone scaffold offers a microenvironment closer to in vivo conditions after decellularisation and demineralisation, exhibiting excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility, and osteogenic properties. Meanwhile, an artificially produced bone scaffold allows for scalability and consistency with minimal risk of disease transmission. The combination of different materials to form scaffolds, along with bone cell seeding, biochemical cue incorporation, and bioactive molecule functionalisation, can provide additional or improved scaffold properties, allowing for a faster bone repair rate in bone injuries. This is the direction for future research in the field of bone growth and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Min Fang Yee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Md Dali SS, Wong SK, Chin KY, Ahmad F. The Osteogenic Properties of Calcium Phosphate Cement Doped with Synthetic Materials: A Structured Narrative Review of Preclinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087161. [PMID: 37108321 PMCID: PMC10138398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone grafting is commonly used as a treatment to repair bone defects. However, its use is challenged by the presence of medical conditions that weaken the bone, like osteoporosis. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is used to restore bone defects, and it is commonly available as a bioabsorbable cement paste. However, its use in clinical settings is limited by inadequate mechanical strength, inferior anti-washout characteristics, and poor osteogenic activity. There have been attempts to overcome these shortcomings by adding various natural or synthetic materials as enhancers to CPC. This review summarises the current evidence on the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of CPC after doping with synthetic materials. The incorporation of CPC with polymers, biomimetic materials, chemical elements/compounds, and combination with two or more synthetic materials showed improvement in biocompatibility, bioactivity, anti-washout properties, and mechanical strength. However, the mechanical property of CPC doped with trimethyl chitosan or strontium was decreased. In conclusion, doping of synthetic materials enhances the osteogenic features of pure CPC. The positive findings from in vitro and in vivo studies await further validation on the efficacy of these reinforced CPC composites in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Sarah Md Dali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Koirala N, Joshi J, Duffy SF, McLennan G. Percutaneous-Reinforced Osteoplasty: A Review of Emerging Treatment Strategies for Bone Interventions. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195572. [PMID: 36233434 PMCID: PMC9571370 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous-reinforced osteoplasty is currently being investigated as a possible therapeutic procedure for fracture stabilization in high-risk patients, primarily in patients with bone metastases or osteoporosis. For these patients, a percutaneous approach, if structurally sound, can provide a viable method for treating bone fractures without the physiologic stress of anesthesia and open surgery. However, the low strength of fixation is a common limitation that requires further refinement in scaffold design and selection of materials, and may potentially benefit from tissue-engineering-based regenerative approaches. Scaffolds that have tissue regenerative properties and low inflammatory response promote rapid healing at the fracture site and are ideal for percutaneous applications. On the other hand, preclinical mechanical tests of fracture-repaired specimens provide key information on restoration strength and long-term stability and enable further design optimization. This review presents an overview of percutaneous-reinforced osteoplasty, emerging treatment strategies for bone repair, and basic concepts of in vitro mechanical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nischal Koirala
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jyotsna Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Stephen F. Duffy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Gordon McLennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence:
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Calcium Phosphate Cement Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the case of pulp injury, odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs) at the site of the exposed pulp is necessary for a successful direct pulp capping treatment. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC), a kind of hydroxyapatite-like bone cement, exhibits therapeutic potential in osteogenesis by regulating cell cycle progression and promoting osteoblastic differentiation. Based on the similar biological process of osteo/odontoblastic differentiation, the present study evaluated the effects of CPC on odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The morphology of CPC was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Colony-forming units were used to assess the antibacterial activity. The effects of CPC on cell proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were also measured. Histological staining was performed to observe the reparative dentin formation in rat molars. In vitro, results of antibacterial studies showed that CPC significantly inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The appropriate concentration of CPC extract showed low cytotoxicity on hDPCs. Furthermore, CPC extract also promoted odontoblastic differentiation and mineralization compared with the control group, as shown by a dynamic increase in the expression of odontogenic marker genes and the increased number of mineralized nodules at 21 days. The pulpotomy models with CPC facilitated the formation of dentin bridge with the highly expressed dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) in odontoblast-like cells. In conclusion, the favorable biocompatibility, antibacterial property and bio-inductivity of CPC suggest that CPC can be used as a promising direct pulp capping material.
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