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Hsieh TH, Wang YZ, Ho KS. Cobalt-Based Cathode Catalysts for Oxygen-Reduction Reaction in an Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070699. [PMID: 35877902 PMCID: PMC9319767 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel cobalt-chelating polyimine (Co-PIM) containing an additional amine group is prepared from the condensation polymerization of diethylene triamine (DETA) and terephthalalehyde (PTAl) by the Schiff reaction. A Co, N-co-doped carbon material (Co-N-C), obtained from two-stage calcination in different gas atmospheres is used as the cathode catalyst of an anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). The Co-N-C catalyst demonstrates a CoNx-type single-atom structure seen under high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The Co-N-C catalysts are characterized by FTIR, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy as well. Their morphologies are also illustrated by SEM and TEM micrographs, respectively. Surface area and pore size distribution are found by BET analysis. Co-N-C catalysts exhibit a remarkable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at 0.8 V in the KOH(aq). From the LSV (linear-sweeping voltammetry) curves, the onset potential relative to RHE is 1.19–1.37 V, the half wave potential is 0.73–0.78 V, the Tafel slopes are 76.9–93.6 mV dec−1, and the average number of exchange electrons is 3.81. The limiting reduction current of CoNC-1000A-900 is almost the same as that of commercial 20 wt% Pt-deposited carbon particles (Pt/C), and the max power density (Pmax) of the single cell using CoNC-1000A-900 as the cathode catalyst reaches 361 mW cm−2, which is higher than Pt/C (284 mW cm−2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tar-Hwa Hsieh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 415, Chien-Kuo Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Zen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yu-Lin University of Science & Technology, 123, Section 3, University Road, Dou-Liu City 64301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-Z.W.); (K.-S.H.)
| | - Ko-Shan Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 415, Chien-Kuo Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-Z.W.); (K.-S.H.)
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Cheng YW, Hsieh TH, Huang YC, Tseng PH, Wang YZ, Ho KS, Huang YJ. Calcined Co(II)-Chelated Polyazomethine as Cathode Catalyst of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091784. [PMID: 35566952 PMCID: PMC9101812 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyazomethine (PAM) prepared from the polycondensation between p-phenylene diamine (PDA) and p-terephthalaldehyde (PTAl) via Schiff reaction can physically crosslink (complex) with Co ions. Co-complexed PAM (Co-PAM) in the form of gel is calcined to become a Co, N-co-doped carbonaceous matrix (Co-N-C), acting as cathode catalyst of an anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). The obtained Co-N-C catalyst demonstrates a single-atom structure with active Co centers seen under the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The Co-N-C catalysts are also characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, BET, and Raman spectroscopy. The Co-N-C catalysts demonstrate oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in the KOH(aq) by expressing an onset potential of 1.19–1.37 V vs. RHE, a half wave potential of 0.70–0.92 V, a Tafel slope of 61–89 mV/dec., and number of exchange electrons of 2.48–3.79. Significant ORR peaks appear in the current–voltage (CV) polarization curves for the Co-N-C catalysts that experience two-stage calcination higher than 900 °C, followed by double acid leaching (CoNC-1000A-900A). The reduction current of CoNC-1000A-900A is comparable to that of commercial Pt-implanted carbon (Pt/C), and the max power density of the single cell using CoNC-1000A-900A as cathode catalyst reaches 275 mW cm−2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan;
| | - Tar-Hwa Hsieh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 415, Chien-Kuo Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Yu-Chang Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 415, Chien-Kuo Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Po-Hao Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Zen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yu-Lin University of Science & Technology, 123, Sec. 3, University Road, Dou-Liu City, Yun-Lin 64301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-Z.W.); (K.-S.H.)
| | - Ko-Shan Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 415, Chien-Kuo Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-Z.W.); (K.-S.H.)
| | - Yue-Jie Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 415, Chien-Kuo Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
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Hsieh TH, Chen SN, Wang YZ, Ho KS, Chuang JK, Ho LC. Cobalt-Doped Carbon Nitride Frameworks Obtained from Calcined Aromatic Polyimines as Cathode Catalyst of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12010074. [PMID: 35054600 PMCID: PMC8779780 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt-doped carbon nitride frameworks (CoNC) were prepared from the calcination of Co-chelated aromatic polyimines (APIM) synthesized from stepwise polymerization of p-phenylene diamine (PDA) and o-phthalaldehyde (OPAl) via Schiff base reactions in the presence of cobalt (II) chloride. The Co-chelated APIM (Co-APIM) precursor converted to CoNC after calcination in two-step heating with the second step performed at 100 °C lower than the first one. The CoNCs demonstrated that its Co, N-co-doped carbonaceous framework contained both graphene and carbon nanotube, as characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern, Raman spectra, and TEM micropictures. CoNCs also revealed a significant ORR peak in the current–voltage polarization cycle and a higher O2 reduction current than that of commercial Pt/C in a linear scanning voltage test in O2-saturated KOH(aq). The calculated e-transferred number even reaches 3.94 in KOH(aq) for the CoNC1000A900 cathode catalyst, which has the highest BET surface area of 393.94 m2 g−1. Single cells of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are fabricated using different CoNCs as the cathode catalysts, and CoNC1000A900 demonstrates a peak power density of 374.3 compared to the 334.7 mW cm−2 obtained from the single cell using Pt/C as the cathode catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tar-Hwa Hsieh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 415, Chien-Kuo Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-N.C.); (J.-K.C.)
| | - Sin-Nan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 415, Chien-Kuo Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-N.C.); (J.-K.C.)
| | - Yen-Zen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yu-Lin University of Science & Technology, 123, Sec. 3, University Rd., Dou-Liu City 64301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-Z.W.); (K.-S.H.)
| | - Ko-Shan Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 415, Chien-Kuo Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-N.C.); (J.-K.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-Z.W.); (K.-S.H.)
| | - Jung-Kuan Chuang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 415, Chien-Kuo Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (S.-N.C.); (J.-K.C.)
| | - Lin-Chia Ho
- Tri-Service General Hospital, 325 Sec. 2 Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan;
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