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Kali G, Özkahraman B, Laffleur F, Knoll P, Wibel R, Zöller K, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated Cellulose: A Dual-Acting Mucoadhesive and Permeation-Enhancing Polymer. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4880-4889. [PMID: 37796043 PMCID: PMC10646989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to design an anionic, thiolated cellulose derivative and to evaluate its mucoadhesive and permeation-enhancing properties utilizing enoxaparin as a model drug. 2-Mercaptosuccinic acid-modified cellulose (cellulose-mercaptosuccinate) was synthesized by the reaction of cellulose with S-acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride. The chemical structure of the target compound was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The thiol content was determined by Ellman's test. The conjugate exhibited 215.5 ± 25 μmol/g of thiol groups and 84 ± 16 μmol/g of disulfide bonds. Because of thiolation, mucoadhesion on porcine intestinal mucosa was 9.6-fold enhanced. The apparent permeability (Papp) of the model dye Lucifer yellow was up to 2.2-fold improved by 0.5% cellulose-mercaptosuccinate on a Caco-2 cell monolayer. Enoxaparin permeation through rat intestinal mucosa increased 2.4-fold in the presence of 0.5% cellulose-mercaptosuccinate compared with the drug in buffer only. In vivo studies in rats showed an oral bioavailability of 8.98% using cellulose-mercaptosuccinate, which was 12.5-fold higher than that of the aqueous solution of the drug. Results of this study show that the modification of cellulose with 2-mercaptosuccinic acid provides mucoadhesive and permeation-enhancing properties, making this thiolated polymer an attractive excipient for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kali
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bengi Özkahraman
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit University, 19030 Corum, Turkey
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Knoll
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Wibel
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Zöller
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry
and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Choudhari M, Damle S, Saha RN, Dubey SK, Singhvi G. Emerging Applications of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate: Different Aspects in Drug Delivery and Its Commercial Potential. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:188. [PMID: 37715004 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) has multi-disciplinary applications spanning across the development of drug delivery systems, in 3D printing, and in tissue engineering, etc. HPMCAS helps in maintaining the drug in a super-saturated condition by inhibiting its precipitation, thereby increasing the rate and extent of dissolution in the aqueous media. HPMCAS has several distinctive characteristics, such as being amphiphilic in nature, having an ionization pH, and a succinyl and acetyl substitution ratio, all of which are beneficial while developing formulations. This review provides insights regarding the various types of formulations being developed using HPMCAS, including amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), amorphous nanoparticles, dry coating, and 3D printing, along with their applicability in drug delivery and biomedical fields. Furthermore, HPMCAS, compared with other carbohydrate polymers, shows several benefits in drug delivery, including proficiency in imparting stable ASD with a high dissolution rate, being easily processable, and enhancing bioavailability. The various commercially available formulations, regulatory considerations, and key patents containing the HPMCAS have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Choudhari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shantanu Damle
- Colorcon Asia Pvt. Ltd. Verna Industrial Estate, Verna, Goa, 403722, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
- R&D Healthcare Emami Ltd., Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India.
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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Mondal A, Nayak AK, Chakraborty P, Banerjee S, Nandy BC. Natural Polymeric Nanobiocomposites for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery Therapeutics: A Recent Update. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2064. [PMID: 37631276 PMCID: PMC10459560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common lethal diseases and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Effective cancer treatment is a global problem, and subsequent advancements in nanomedicine are useful as substitute management for anti-cancer agents. Nanotechnology, which is gaining popularity, enables fast-expanding delivery methods in science for curing diseases in a site-specific approach, utilizing natural bioactive substances because several studies have established that natural plant-based bioactive compounds can improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Bioactive, in combination with nanotechnology, is an exceptionally alluring and recent development in the fight against cancer. Along with their nutritional advantages, natural bioactive chemicals may be used as chemotherapeutic medications to manage cancer. Alginate, starch, xanthan gum, pectin, guar gum, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, albumin, collagen, cellulose, chitosan, and other biopolymers have been employed successfully in the delivery of medicinal products to particular sites. Due to their biodegradability, natural polymeric nanobiocomposites have garnered much interest in developing novel anti-cancer drug delivery methods. There are several techniques to create biopolymer-based nanoparticle systems. However, these systems must be created in an affordable and environmentally sustainable way to be more readily available, selective, and less hazardous to increase treatment effectiveness. Thus, an extensive comprehension of the various facets and recent developments in natural polymeric nanobiocomposites utilized to deliver anti-cancer drugs is imperative. The present article provides an overview of the latest research and developments in natural polymeric nanobiocomposites, particularly emphasizing their applications in the controlled and targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743 234, India
| | - Amit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751 003, India;
| | - Prithviraj Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Royal School of Pharmacy, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati 781 035, India;
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, India;
| | - Bankim Chandra Nandy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743 234, India;
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Somwanshi A, Wadhwa P, Raza A, Hudda S, Magan M, Khera K. Natural Alternatives to Non-biodegradable Polymers in 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2281-2290. [PMID: 37818585 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128259971230921111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to potential toxicity, non-biodegradable polymers used in 3D (3-dimensional) printing of drugs could be dangerous for patient safety and the environment. OBJECTIVE This review aims to investigate the toxicity of non-biodegradable polymers and investigate the use of natural materials as an alternative in 3D printing medicines. The study evaluates the dangers connected to 3D printing. METHODS A review of the literature on various 3D printing processes, such as inkjet printing, fused filament manufacturing, and extrusion-related 3DP systems, was done for this study. Also, the use of cellulose derivatives and natural materials in 3D printing and their potential as active excipients was proposed. RESULTS The review identified potential toxicity risks linked to non-biodegradable polymers used in drug 3D printing. As a potential fix for this issue, the use of natural materials with improved mechanical and thermal properties was explored. The use of cellulose derivatives as an alternative to non-biodegradable polymers in 3D printing pharmaceuticals was also investigated in the study. CONCLUSION This study emphasises the significance of evaluating the risks connected to drug 3D printing and recommends using natural materials as an alternative to non-biodegradable polymers. More study is required to create secure and reliable 3D printing processes for pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Somwanshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Pankaj Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Amir Raza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Sharwan Hudda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Muskan Magan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Kanav Khera
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
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Forestryana D, Hayati A, Putri AN. Formulation and Evaluation of Natural Gel Containing Ethanolic Extract of Pandanus amaryllifolius R. Using Various Gelling Agents. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i4.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol extract of Pandanus amaryllifolius leaves contains quercetin has anti-inflammatory properties. The gel dosage form is very appropriate for wound healing therapy because it gives a cold sensation to the skin. This study aims to formulate a P. amaryllifolius gel by variation of a gelling agent to compare the effect of a natural gelling agent, semi-synthetic gelling agent, and synthetic gelling agent on the physical characteristics of the gel. The gel formulation was made in three formulas. Evaluations include organoleptic, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, pH, and viscosity. The optimum gel formula was tested for release study using a dissolution apparatus 5. Determination of release kinetics model using the kinetics approach of zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas. The organoleptic shows the gel's dark green color, P. amaryllifolius aromas, and good homogeneity. The gel formulas had pH values that matched the physical quality criteria of the gel. Data obtained for the spreadability test for F1, F2, and F3 were 12.16, 14.66, and 10.75 g.cm/sec, respectively. The F1, F2, and F3 adhesion test results were 11.66, 10, and 47.33, respectively. The viscosity of F1 was 15750 cps, F2 was 4807 cps, and F3 was 19380 cps. This study concludes that the optimum formula is obtained from the gelling agent of Na-CMC as a gelling agent. The number of quercetins released from F2 was 42.76%, and the release kinetics model followed the kinetics of Higuchi.
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Chanabodeechalermrung B, Chaiwarit T, Sommano SR, Rachtanapun P, Kantrong N, Chittasupho C, Jantrawut P. Dual Crosslinked Ion-Based Bacterial Cellulose Composite Hydrogel Containing Polyhexamethylene Biguanide. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12090825. [PMID: 36135844 PMCID: PMC9505295 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Composite bacterial cellulose (BC) based hydrogel with alginate (A) or pectin (P) or alginate and pectin was fabricated via a physical crosslinking technique using calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution and incorporated with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) as an effective antimicrobial drug by immersion method. After that, the physicochemical properties of all hydrogel formulations were characterized. The result showed that the formulations with PHMB performed better physicochemical properties than the hydrogel without PHMB. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed the interaction between PHMB and the carboxylic group of alginate and pectin. BC/A-PHMB hydrogel performed suitable mechanical strength, fluid uptake ability, water retention property, drug content, high integrity value, and maximum swelling degree. Moreover, in vitro cell viability of BC/A-PHMB hydrogel revealed high biocompatibility with human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and demonstrated prolong released of PHMB in Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.4, while rapid release in phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4. BC/A-PHMB hydrogel demonstrated good anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, BC/A-PHMB hydrogel could be a potential dual crosslinked ion-based hydrogel for wound dressing with anti-bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanpong Chaiwarit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Nutthapong Kantrong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-891184007
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Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: An Overview with Emphasis on Vitamin D and K Transportation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081376. [PMID: 35458084 PMCID: PMC9024560 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that supplementation with vitamin D and K or their analogs induces beneficial effects in various diseases, e.g., osteoarticular, cardiovascular, or carcinogenesis. The use of drugs delivery systems via organic and inorganic nanocarriers increases the bioavailability of vitamins and analogs, enhancing their cellular delivery and effects. The nanotechnology-based dietary supplements and drugs produced by the food and pharmaceutical industries overcome the issues associated with vitamin administration, such as stability, absorption or low bioavailability. Consequently, there is a continuous interest in optimizing the carriers' systems in order to make them more efficient and specific for the targeted tissue. In this pioneer review, we try to circumscribe the most relevant aspects related to nanocarriers for drug delivery, compare different types of nanoparticles for vitamin D and K transportation, and critically address their benefits and disadvantages.
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