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Zhang Y, Feng X, Shi D, Ibrahim SA, Huang W, Liu Y. Properties of modified chitosan-based films and coatings and their application in the preservation of edible mushrooms: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132265. [PMID: 38734346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms are prone to deteriorate during storage. A Single chitosan film or coating has limitations in preservation. Therefore, this article focused on the improvement of modified chitosan-based films and coatings on properties related to storage quality of edible mushrooms (e.g.: safety, barrier, mechanical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties). Besides, the application of chitosan-based materials in the preservation of mushrooms was also discussed. The modified chitosan film and coating can slow down the respiration of mushrooms, inhibit the growth of microorganisms, protect antioxidant compositions, and regulate the activity of related enzymes, thus improving the quality and prolonging the shelf life of mushrooms. Meanwhile, the added ingredients improve the water and gas barrier properties of chitosan through volume and group occupation, and reduce the light transmittance of chitosan through light transmission, scattering and absorption. Essential oils and polyphenolic compounds had a better enhancement of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, United States
| | - Defang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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2
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Ligarda-Samanez CA, Choque-Quispe D, Moscoso-Moscoso E, Pozo LMF, Ramos-Pacheco BS, Palomino-Rincón H, Gutiérrez RJG, Peralta-Guevara DE. Effect of Inlet Air Temperature and Quinoa Starch/Gum Arabic Ratio on Nanoencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds from Andean Potato Cultivars by Spray-Drying. Molecules 2023; 28:7875. [PMID: 38067603 PMCID: PMC10708246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoencapsulation of native potato bioactive compounds by spray-drying improves their stability and bioavailability. The joint effect of the inlet temperature and the ratio of the encapsulant (quinoa starch/gum arabic) on the properties of the nanocapsules is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the best conditions for the nanoencapsulation of these compounds. The effects of two inlet temperatures (96 and 116 °C) and two ratios of the encapsulant (15 and 25% w/v) were evaluated using a factorial design during the spray-drying of native potato phenolic extracts. During the study, measurements of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, and various physical and structural properties were carried out. Higher inlet temperatures increased bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. However, a higher concentration of the encapsulant caused the dilution of polyphenols and anthocyanins. Instrumental analyses confirmed the effective encapsulation of the nuclei in the wall materials. Both factors, inlet temperature, and the encapsulant ratio, reduced the nanocapsules' humidity and water activity. Finally, the ideal conditions for the nanoencapsulation of native potato bioactive compounds were determined to be an inlet temperature of 116 °C and an encapsulant ratio of 15% w/v. The nanocapsules obtained show potential for application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Ligarda-Samanez
- Food Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
- Nutraceuticals and Biomaterials Research Group, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru; (D.C.-Q.); (B.S.R.-P.); (H.P.-R.); (R.J.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
- Research Group in the Development of Advanced Materials for Water and Food Treatment, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
- Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
| | - David Choque-Quispe
- Nutraceuticals and Biomaterials Research Group, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru; (D.C.-Q.); (B.S.R.-P.); (H.P.-R.); (R.J.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
- Research Group in the Development of Advanced Materials for Water and Food Treatment, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
- Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
- Water and Food Treatment Materials Research Laboratory, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
| | - Elibet Moscoso-Moscoso
- Food Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
- Nutraceuticals and Biomaterials Research Group, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru; (D.C.-Q.); (B.S.R.-P.); (H.P.-R.); (R.J.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
- Research Group in the Development of Advanced Materials for Water and Food Treatment, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
- Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
| | - Lizeth M. Flores Pozo
- Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
| | - Betsy S. Ramos-Pacheco
- Nutraceuticals and Biomaterials Research Group, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru; (D.C.-Q.); (B.S.R.-P.); (H.P.-R.); (R.J.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
- Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
| | - Henry Palomino-Rincón
- Nutraceuticals and Biomaterials Research Group, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru; (D.C.-Q.); (B.S.R.-P.); (H.P.-R.); (R.J.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
- Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
| | - Rodrigo J. Guzmán Gutiérrez
- Nutraceuticals and Biomaterials Research Group, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru; (D.C.-Q.); (B.S.R.-P.); (H.P.-R.); (R.J.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
- Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
| | - Diego E. Peralta-Guevara
- Nutraceuticals and Biomaterials Research Group, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru; (D.C.-Q.); (B.S.R.-P.); (H.P.-R.); (R.J.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
- Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru;
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Aloui H, Khwaldia K. Development and characterization of novel emulsified nanocomposite coatings incorporating different loadings of nanoclay and beeswax for paper packaging. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30358-30368. [PMID: 37849698 PMCID: PMC10578248 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05211g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Paper coated with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based films incorporating varying amounts of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and/or beeswax (BW) were developed. The applied PVA/HNTs nanocomposite films, PVA/BW emulsified films, and PVA/HNTs/BW emulsified nanocomposite films were characterized in terms of FTIR, TGA, DSC, and XRD analyses. The effects of HNTs and/or BW at different loadings on the functional properties of coated paper were investigated. HNTs and BW co-incorporation significantly improved the water vapor permeability of the resulting PVA/HNTs/BW coated paper samples, and reduced their Cobb60 values, respectively, by more than 50, 24, and 18% as compared to the uncoated paper, paper coated with pristine PVA and paper coated with PVA/HNTs nanocomposite-based coatings. While increasing their contact angle values in the range of 10-20%. Likewise, HNTs and BW co-incorporation increased the mechanical strength of PVA/HNTs/BW coated paper in the range of 20.54-29.80% as compared to the uncoated paper, while increasing their flexibility up to 32.50%. Such enhancement in the functional properties of PVA/HNTs/BW coated paper is most likely due to the establishment of interactions between PVA, BW, and HNTs. Our results demonstrate the ability of PVA/HNTs/BW emulsified nanocomposite coatings to improve paper barrier and mechanical properties owing to the prominent reinforcement effects of HNTs and the good moisture-barrier properties of BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Aloui
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique Biotechpole Sidi Thabet 2020 Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir (ISBM) Monastir Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Khwaldia
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique Biotechpole Sidi Thabet 2020 Tunisia
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Hemraz UD, Lam E, Sunasee R. Recent advances in cellulose nanocrystals-based antimicrobial agents. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:120987. [PMID: 37230623 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past five years, there has been growing interest in the design of modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as nanoscale antimicrobial agents in potential end-user applications such as food preservation/packaging, additive manufacturing, biomedical and water purification. The interest of applying CNCs-based antimicrobial agents arise due to their abilities to be derived from renewable bioresources and their excellent physicochemical properties including rod-like morphologies, large specific surface area, low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and sustainability. The presence of ample surface hydroxyl groups further allows easy chemical surface modifications for the design of advanced functional CNCs-based antimicrobial materials. Furthermore, CNCs are used to support antimicrobial agents that are subjected to instability issues. The current review summarizes recent progress in CNC-inorganic hybrid-based materials (Ag and Zn nanoparticles, other metal/metal oxide) and CNC-organic hybrid-based materials (polymers, chitosan, simple organic molecules). It focuses on their design, syntheses and applications with a brief discussion on their probable modes of antimicrobial action whereby the roles of CNCs and/or the antimicrobial agents are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha D Hemraz
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada.
| | - Edmond Lam
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada; Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Rajesh Sunasee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, USA.
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Garavand F, Nooshkam M, Khodaei D, Yousefi S, Cacciotti I, Ghasemlou M. Recent advances in qualitative and quantitative characterization of nanocellulose-reinforced nanocomposites: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102961. [PMID: 37515865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has received immense consideration owing to its valuable inherent traits and impressive physicochemical properties such as biocompatibility, thermal stability, non-toxicity, and tunable surface chemistry. These features have inspired researchers to deploy nanocellulose as nanoscale reinforcement materials for bio-based polymers. A simple yet efficient characterization method is often required to gain insights into the effectiveness of various types of nanocellulose. Despite a decade of continuous research and booming growth in scientific publications, nanocellulose research lacks a measuring tool that can characterize its features with acceptable speed and reliability. Implementing reliable characterization techniques is critical to monitor the specifications of nanocellulose alone or in the final product. Many techniques have been developed aiming to measure the nano-reinforcement mechanisms of nanocellulose in polymer composites. This review gives a full account of the scientific underpinnings of techniques that can characterize the shape and arrangement of nanocellulose. This review aims to deliver consolidated details on the properties and characteristics of nanocellulose in biopolymer composite materials to improve various structural, mechanical, barrier and thermal properties. We also present a comprehensive description of the safety features of nanocellulose before and after being loaded within biopolymeric matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Garavand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Majid Nooshkam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Diako Khodaei
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Shima Yousefi
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome 'Niccolò Cusano', Rome, Italy.
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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6
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Aguirre-Loredo RY, Fonseca-García A, Calambas HL, Salazar-Arango A, Caicedo C. Improvements of thermal and mechanical properties of achira starch/chitosan/clay nanocomposite films. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16782. [PMID: 37292352 PMCID: PMC10245066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic biofilms were developed from achira starch, chitosan and nanoclays using the solvent-casting method. To obtain the filmogenic solutions, different sonication times (0, 10, 20 and 30 min) were considered in order to evaluate the incidence of this parameter on the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of the bionanocomposite films. The chemical analysis using FTIR spectroscopy showed strong intermolecular interactions between the components with increasing sonication times. The results for tensile strength and elongation were satisfactory for films with 20 min of sonication with increases of 154% and 161%, respectively. Morphological analysis showed greater homogeneity, while thermal analysis showed that sonication favoured the plasticization process and thus, the production of homogeneous materials. The water absorption and wettability tests showed less hydrophilic materials allowing these new materials to be considered for use as coatings or packaging for the food sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Yaneli Aguirre-Loredo
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico
- Investigadoras por México CONACYT-CIQA, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico
| | - Abril Fonseca-García
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico
- Investigadoras por México CONACYT-CIQA, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico
| | - Heidy Lorena Calambas
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo de Materials y Productos, Centro Nacional de Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (ASTIN), SENA, Cali, 760003, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Salazar-Arango
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA), Carrera 17a 48-144, Tuluá 763022, Colombia
| | - Carolina Caicedo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA), Carrera 17a 48-144, Tuluá 763022, Colombia
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Aigaje E, Riofrio A, Baykara H. Processing, Properties, Modifications, and Environmental Impact of Nanocellulose/Biopolymer Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051219. [PMID: 36904460 PMCID: PMC10006885 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing concerns about plastic pollution and climate change have encouraged research into bioderived and biodegradable materials. Much attention has been focused on nanocellulose due to its abundance, biodegradability, and excellent mechanical properties. Nanocellulose-based biocomposites are a viable option to fabricate functional and sustainable materials for important engineering applications. This review addresses the most recent advances in composites, with a particular focus on biopolymer matrices such as starch, chitosan, polylactic acid, and polyvinyl alcohol. Additionally, the effects of the processing methods, the influence of additives, and the outturn of nanocellulose surface modification on the biocomposite's properties are outlined in detail. Moreover, the change in the composites' morphological, mechanical, and other physiochemical properties due to reinforcement loading is reviewed. Further, mechanical strength, thermal resistance, and the oxygen-water vapor barrier properties are enhanced with the incorporation of nanocellulose into biopolymer matrices. Furthermore, the life cycle assessment of nanocellulose and composites were considered to analyze their environmental profile. The sustainability of this alternative material is compared through different preparation routes and options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Aigaje
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090506, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Ariel Riofrio
- Center of Nanotechnology Research and Development (CIDNA), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090506, Ecuador
| | - Haci Baykara
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090506, Ecuador
- Center of Nanotechnology Research and Development (CIDNA), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090506, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (H.B.)
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8
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Hou X, Wang H, Shi Y, Yue Z. Recent advances of antibacterial starch-based materials. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120392. [PMID: 36604070 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Starch has attracted a lot of attention because it is biodegradable, renewable, nontoxic and low cost. By adding antibacterial substances to starch, starch-based materials have antibacterial properties. The composite with other materials can improve the comprehensive performance of starch-based materials, thus broadening the application field of the material. In this paper, we focus on antibacterial starch-based materials and review their preparation and applications. It was found that antibacterial starch-based materials were most widely used in packaging, followed by medicine, and the research on smart starch-based materials was relatively less. This review may provide some reference value for subsequent studies of starch-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Huashan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, 300457 Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Yuting Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhouyao Yue
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, 300457 Tianjin, PR China
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9
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Production of Thermoplastic Starch- Aloe vera Gel Film with High Tensile Strength and Improved Water Solubility. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194213. [PMID: 36236161 PMCID: PMC9571595 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable film packaging made from thermoplastic starch (TPS) has low mechanical performance and high water solubility, which is incomparable with synthetic films. In this work, Aloe vera (AV) gel and plasticized soluble potato starch were utilised to improve the mechanical stability and water solubility of TPS. Dried starch was mixed with glycerol and different AV gel concentrations (0% to 50%). The TPS + 50% AV gel (30 g TPS + 15 g AV gel) showed the best improvement compared to TPS alone. When compared to similar TPS films with AV gel added, this film is stronger and dissolves better in water. Mechanical qualities improved the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the TPS film, with 1.03 MPa to 9.14 MPa and 51.92 MPa to 769.00 MPa, respectively. This was supported by the improvement of TPS water solubility from 57.44% to 46.6% and also by the increase in decomposition temperature of the TPS. This promises better heat resistance. The crystallinity percentage increase to 24.26% suggested that the formation of hydrogen bonding between TPS and AV gel enhanced crosslinking in the polymeric structure. By adding AV gel, the TPS polymeric structure is improved and can be used as a biodegradable food-packaging film.
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10
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Chitosan-Gelatin Films: Plasticizers/Nanofillers Affect Chain Interactions and Material Properties in Different Ways. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183797. [PMID: 36145942 PMCID: PMC9505206 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers, which are biodegradable and inherently functional, have high potential for specialized applications (e.g., disposable and transient systems and biomedical treatment). For this, it is important to create composite materials with precisely defined chain interactions and tailored properties. This work shows that for a chitosan–gelatin material, both glycerol and isosorbide are effective plasticizers, but isosorbide could additionally disrupt the polyelectrolyte complexation (PEC) between the two biopolymers, which greatly impacts the glass transition temperature (Tg), mechanical properties, and water absorption. While glycerol-plasticized samples without nanofiller or with graphene oxide (GO) showed minimal water uptake, the addition of isosorbide and/or montmorillonite (MMT) made the materials hydrolytically unstable, likely due to disrupted PEC. However, these samples showed an opposite trend in surface hydrophilicity, which means surface chemistry is controlled differently from chain structure. This work highlights different mechanisms that control the different properties of dual-biopolymer systems and provides an updated definition of biopolymer plasticization, and thus could provide important knowledge for the future design of biopolymer composite materials with tailored surface hydrophilicity, overall hygroscopicity, and mechanical properties that meet specific application needs.
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