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Mazhar N, Islam MS, Raza MZ, Mahin SMKH, Islam MR, Chowdhury MEH, Al-Ali A, Agouni A, Yalcin HC. Comparative Analysis of In Vitro Pumps Used in Cardiovascular Investigations: Focus on Flow Generation Principles and Characteristics of Generated Flows. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:1116. [PMID: 39593776 PMCID: PMC11591817 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of in vitro pumps used in cardiovascular research is provided in this review, with a focus on the characteristics of generated flows and principles of flow generations. The cardiovascular system, vital for nutrient circulation and waste removal, generates complex hemodynamics critical for endothelial cell function. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) could be caused by the disturbances in these flows, including aneurysms, atherosclerosis, and heart defects. In vitro systems simulate hemodynamic conditions on cultured cells in the laboratory to study and evaluate these diseases to advance therapies. Pumps used in these systems can be classified into contact and non-contact types. Contact pumps, such as piston and gear pumps, can generate higher flow rates, but they have a higher risk of contamination due to the direct interaction of pump with the fluid. Non-contact pumps, such as peristaltic and lab-on-disk centrifugal pumps, minimize contamination risks, but they are limited to lower flow rates. Advanced pumps including piezoelectric and I-Cor diagonal pumps are focused on improving the accuracy of flow replication and long-term stability. The operational principles, advantages, and some disadvantages of these pump categories are evaluated in this review, while providing insights for optimizing in vitro cardiovascular models and advancing therapeutic strategies against CVDs. The outcomes of the review elaborate the importance of selecting an appropriate pump system, to accurately replicate cardiovascular flow patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noaman Mazhar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (N.M.); (M.S.I.); (M.Z.R.)
| | - Munshi Sajidul Islam
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (N.M.); (M.S.I.); (M.Z.R.)
| | - Muhammad Zohaib Raza
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (N.M.); (M.S.I.); (M.Z.R.)
| | - SM. Khaled Hossain Mahin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.K.H.M.); (M.R.I.); (M.E.H.C.)
| | - Mohammed Riazul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.K.H.M.); (M.R.I.); (M.E.H.C.)
| | - Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.K.H.M.); (M.R.I.); (M.E.H.C.)
| | - Abdulla Al-Ali
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Huseyin C. Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (N.M.); (M.S.I.); (M.Z.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Computational Characterization of Mechanical, Hemodynamic, and Surface Interaction Conditions: Role of Protein Adsorption on the Regenerative Response of TEVGs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031130. [PMID: 35163056 PMCID: PMC8835378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available small diameter vascular grafts (<6 mm) present several long-term limitations, which has prevented their full clinical implementation. Computational modeling and simulation emerge as tools to study and optimize the rational design of small diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVG). This study aims to model the correlation between mechanical-hemodynamic-biochemical variables on protein adsorption over TEVG and their regenerative potential. To understand mechanical-hemodynamic variables, two-way Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) computational models of novel TEVGs were developed in ANSYS Fluent 2019R3® and ANSYS Transient Structural® software. Experimental pulsatile pressure was included as an UDF into the models. TEVG mechanical properties were obtained from tensile strength tests, under the ISO7198:2016, for novel TEVGs. Subsequently, a kinetic model, linked to previously obtained velocity profiles, of the protein-surface interaction between albumin and fibrinogen, and the intima layer of the TEVGs, was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3®. TEVG wall properties appear critical to understand flow and protein adsorption under hemodynamic stimuli. In addition, the kinetic model under flow conditions revealed that size and concentration are the main parameters to trigger protein adsorption on TEVGs. The computational models provide a robust platform to study multiparametrically the performance of TEVGs in terms of protein adsorption and their regenerative potential.
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