1
|
Chmayssem A, Tanase CE, Verplanck N, Gougis M, Mourier V, Zebda A, Ghaemmaghami AM, Mailley P. New Microfluidic System for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Assessment of Cell Culture Performance: Design and Development of New Electrode Material. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070452. [PMID: 35884254 PMCID: PMC9313146 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely accepted as an effective and non-destructive method to assess cell health during cell-culture. However, there is a lack of compact devices compatible with microfluidic integration and microscopy that could provide the real-time and non-invasive monitoring of cell-cultures using EIS. In this paper, we reported the design and characterization of a modular EIS testing system based on a patented technology. This device was fabricated using easily processable methodologies including screen-printing of the impedance electrodes and molding or micromachining of the cell culture chamber with an easy assembly procedure. Accordingly, to obtain processable, biocompatible and sterilizable electrode materials that lower the impact of interfacial impedance on TEER (Transepithelial electrical resistance) measurements, and to enable concomitant microscopy observations, we optimized the formulation of the electrode inks and the design of the EIS electrodes, respectively. First, electrode materials were based on carbon biocompatible inks enriched with IrOx particles to obtain low interfacial impedance electrodes approaching the performances of classical non-biocompatible Ag/AgCl second-species electrodes. Secondly, we proposed three original electrode designs, which were compared to classical disk electrodes that were optically compatible with microscopy. We assessed the impact of the electrode design on the response of the impedance sensor using COMSOL Multiphysics. Finally, the performance of the impedance spectroscopy devices was assessed in vitro using human airway epithelial cell cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Chmayssem
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (N.V.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
- University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG/CNRS/INSERM, UMR 5525, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Constantin Edi Tanase
- Immunology & Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (C.E.T.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Nicolas Verplanck
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (N.V.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Maxime Gougis
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (N.V.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Véronique Mourier
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (N.V.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Abdelkader Zebda
- University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG/CNRS/INSERM, UMR 5525, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- Immunology & Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (C.E.T.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Pascal Mailley
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (N.V.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ilyas AMO, Alam MK, Musah JD, Saw LO, Venkatesh S, Yeung CC, Yang M, Vellaisamy ALR, Lau C. Development of a carboxyl-terminated indium tin oxide electrode for improving cell adhesion and facilitating low noise, real-time impedance measurements. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C974-C986. [PMID: 33689477 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00537.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The working electrode's surface property is crucial to cell adhesion and signal collection in electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). To date, the indium tin oxide (ITO)-based working electrode is of interest in ECIS study due to its high transparency and biocompatibility. Of great concern is the impedance signal loss, distortion, and data interpretation conflict profoundly created by the movement of multiple cells during ECIS study. Here, a carboxyl-terminated ITO substrate was prepared by stepwise surface amino silanization, with N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) treatment, respectively. We investigated the stepwise changes in the property of the treated ITO, cell-substrate adhesion, collective cell mobility, and time course of change in absolute impedance from multiple Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells [(Δt-Δ|Z|)CELLS]. The carboxyl-terminated ITO substrate with a surface roughness of 6.37 nm shows enhanced conductivity, 75% visible light transparency, improved cell adherence, reduced collective cell migration speed by approximately twofold, and diminished signal distortion in the [(Δt-Δ|Z|)CELLS]. Thus, our study provides an ITO surface-treatment strategy to reduce multiple cell movement effects and to obtain essential cell information from the ECIS study of multiple cells through undistorted (Δt-Δ|Z|)CELLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Olabisi Ilyas
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Special Administrative Region of China.,Department of Physics, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Md Kowsar Alam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Special Administrative Region of China.,Department of Physics, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Jamal-Deen Musah
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, Department of Material Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lin Oo Saw
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, Department of Material Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Shishir Venkatesh
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, Department of Material Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chi-Chung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - A L R Vellaisamy
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Condon Lau
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Special Administrative Region of China
| |
Collapse
|