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Amoh PO, Samy M, Elkady M, Shokry H, Mensah K. Surface modification of toner-based recyclable iron oxide self-doped graphite nanocomposite to enhance methylene blue and tetracycline adsorption. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120786. [PMID: 38583386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
An innovative task was undertaken to convert ubiquitous and toxic electronic waste, waste toner powder (WTP), into novel adsorbents. Alkaline modification with KOH, NaOH, and NH4OH was employed for the first time to synthesize a series of surface-modified WTP with enhanced dispersibility and adsorption capacity. XRD, XRF, FTIR, and BET analyses confirmed that the prepared KOH-WTP, NaOH-WTP, and NH4OH-WTP were oxygen-functionalized self-doped iron oxide-graphite nanocomposites. The prepared adsorbents were used to remove methylene blue and tetracycline from aqueous solutions. KOH-WTP (0.1 g/100 mL) adsorbed 80% of 10 mg/L methylene blue within 1 h, while 0.1 g/100 mL NH4OH-WTP removed 72% of 10 mg/L tetracycline in 3 h. Exploring surface chemistry by altering solution pH and temperature suggested that hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π electron stacking, and pore filling were plausible adsorption mechanisms. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a diminishing adsorbents porosity after adsorption proving the filling of pores by the adsorbates. KOH-WTP and NH4OH-WTP removed 77% and 61% of methylene blue and tetracycline respectively in the fourth reuse. The adsorption data of methylene blue and tetracycline fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities of KOH-WTP and NH4OH-WTP for methylene blue and tetracycline were 59 mg/g and 43 mg/g respectively. The prepared adsorbents were also compared with other adsorbents to assess their performance. The transformation of waste toner powder into magnetically separable oxygen-functionalized WTP with outstanding recyclability and adsorption capacity showcases a significant advancement in sustainable wastewater treatment. This further aligns with the principles of the circular economy through the utilization of toxic e-waste in value-added applications. Additionally, magnetic separation of surface-modified WTP post-treatment can curtail filtration and centrifugation expenses and adsorbent loss during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Oppong Amoh
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Samy
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Marwa Elkady
- Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering Dept., Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Hassan Shokry
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Kenneth Mensah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, United States.
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Samy M, Mensah K, El-Fakharany EM, Elkady M, Shokry H. Green valorization of end-of-life toner powder to iron oxide-nanographene nanohybrid as a recyclable persulfate activator for degrading emerging micropollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115460. [PMID: 36775090 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable management of toner waste (T-raw) was performed via carbonization at 500 °C (T-500) and 600 °C (T-600) to produce iron oxide-nanographene nanohybrid (FeO-NG) for activating persulfate (PS) to efficiently degrade dyes (methylene blue, MB), antibiotics (sulfamethazine, SMZ), and pesticides (diazinon, DZN). Morphology, crystallinity, chemical structure, chemical composition, surface area, and pore size distribution of the synthesized materials were investigated using various analyses. High degradation ratios of MB were attained over a wide pH range (2-7), and the optimum operating conditions were determined. The FeO-NG/PS system was tested in different water matrices. MB degradation efficiency dropped from 80.13% to 78.56% after five succeeding experiments, proving the high stability of T-500. Trapping experiments proved the major role of sulfate radicals and the minor contribution of singlet oxygen. The toxicity evaluation of the treated and untreated MB solutions was conducted via measuring the cell viability, showing an increase in cell viability ratio after the degradation of MB. The degradation efficiencies of DZN and SMZ were 97.54% and 83.7%, respectively and the mineralization ratios were 74.08% and 60.37% at initial concentrations of sulfamethazine and diazinon of 50 and 100 mg/L, respectively. The high degradation efficiency of emerging micropollutants as well as the inexpensiveness, and facile synthesis of the catalyst boost the prospect of applying the proposed system on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Samy
- Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Kenneth Mensah
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA- City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa Elkady
- Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering Dept., Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt; Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hassan Shokry
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Electronic Materials Researches Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
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Itoua PI, Sun D, Li P, Shen S. Influence of Waste Toner on Asphalt Binder: Chemical and Rheological Characterization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062794. [PMID: 36985765 PMCID: PMC10058980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing amount of waste toner (WT) has posed a significant environmental challenge. Meanwhile, researchers are interested in the feasibility of utilizing waste toner as an asphalt binder modifier because its primary chemical components (Styrene-acrylic copolymer and carbon black) are known to improve asphalt properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and rheological properties of the waste-toner-modified asphalt binder and hence determine the suitability of integrating waste toner for asphalt modification. The waste-toner-modified asphalt (TMA) binders were produced by blending base asphalt with two types of waste toners of different gradation sizes. Microscopic tests such as x-ray fluorescence (XRF), attenuated total reflectance transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS) and fluorescence microscope, as well as rheology tests such as multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests, oscillation tests, and bending beam rheometer tests were performed. The FTIR results showed that there was a chemical reaction between waste toners and base asphalt binder. A fluorescence effect was observed on the binders produced with different toners used in this research. The binder modified with an optimal content of 8%WTs revealed better high and low-temperature properties. Additionally, 8%WTs used in this research could change the PG70-22 binder to PG76-22 binder. The rutting properties of asphalt material were improved for its improved elasticity. In addition, the 200-mesh TMA binders were desirable with respect to waste toner particle size. Overall, there is a benefit to using waste toner in the asphalt industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Igor Itoua
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Cao’an Road, Shanghai 201804, China; (P.I.I.); (D.S.)
| | - Daquan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Cao’an Road, Shanghai 201804, China; (P.I.I.); (D.S.)
| | - Ping Li
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University & Technology, 2nd Section, Wanjiali RD (S), Changsha 410114, China;
| | - Shihui Shen
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University & Technology, 2nd Section, Wanjiali RD (S), Changsha 410114, China;
- Department of Engineering, Penn State University, Altoona, PA 16601, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(814)-9403326
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Balasubramanian S, Kanagarathinam S, Cingaram R, Bakthavachalam V, Kulathu Iyer S, Rajendran S, Natesan Sundaramurthy K, Ranganathan S. Waste toner-derived porous iron oxide pigments with enhanced catalytic degradation property. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114695. [PMID: 36351473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
'Wealth from Waste' is an emerging concept, since it leads an effective waste treatment and waste recyclability. On the other hand, cost effective production iron oxide (IO) nanomaterials is still needed to develop, owing to their wide applications. Herein, we proposed a simple direct calcination method to prepare porous IO (Fe3O4 and Fe2O3) nanomaterials from waste toner powder. Characterization techniques reveal that a structural change happened from Fe3O4 to γ-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3 to α-Fe2O3 at the calcination temperature of 500 °C and 700 °C respectively. Consequently, optical (band gap) and magnetic parameters of IO samples were significantly varied. The pigment characteristics of the IO samples were evaluated using Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) analysis. IO900 sample has shown good brown-red coloration (L* = 43.11, a* = 13.26 and b* = 5.69) and it also exhibited good stability in acidic and basic conditions. Practical applicability of IO pigments were also tested by mixing with plaster of paris (PP) powder. Further, porous IO samples were also used as catalysts in the reductive degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye in presence of excess sodium borohydride (NaBH4). IO, prepared at 900 °C exhibited ∼99.9% reduction efficiency within 40 min. Recycling experiments indicated that IO900 possess good stability up to seven cycles. The present porous IO samples will become potential in pigment and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ravichandran Cingaram
- Department of Chemistry, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai 600089, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatachalapathy Bakthavachalam
- Department of Chemistry, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai 600089, Tamil Nadu, India; Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT University), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile; Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600095, India; University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohaliz, Punjab, 140413, India
| | | | - Suresh Ranganathan
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
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Sanjuan-Navarro L, Moliner-Martínez Y, Campíns-Falcó P. The state of art of nanocarbon black as analyte in a variety of matrices: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sustainable Management of Calcite Contaminated with Waste Toner Powder in the Construction Industry. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144785. [PMID: 35888251 PMCID: PMC9322812 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the highly explosive nature of toners, absorbers are used in toner processing plants to prevent the explosion of toner dust suspension in the air. Usually, finely divided calcite (in the form of a dust) is used. The mixture of toner-calcite is treated as waste and landfilled. The main aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using toner-contaminated calcite as an additive to concrete. Materials originating from the toner processing plant were analyzed by using TGA, AAS, XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. Calcite-waste toner powder mixture in amounts 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were used to produce concrete. The results of the study showed that an increase in the amount of calcite contaminated with toner to 20% causes a decrease in compressive strength of concrete by 24–51% depending on material sample. The addition of calcite in amounts up to 5% can be a suitable method of its management.
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Burdó-Masferrer M, Díaz-González M, Sanchis A, Calleja Á, Marco MP, Fernández-Sánchez C, Baldi A. Compact Microfluidic Platform with LED Light-Actuated Valves for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Automation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:280. [PMID: 35624581 PMCID: PMC9139117 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip devices incorporating valves and pumps can perform complex assays involving multiple reagents. However, the instruments used to drive these chips are complex and bulky. In this article, a new wax valve design that uses light from a light emitting diode (LED) for both opening and closing is reported. The valves and a pumping chamber are integrated in lab-on-a-foil chips that can be fabricated at low cost using rapid prototyping techniques. A chip for the implementation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) is designed. A porous nitrocellulose material is used for the immobilization of capture antibodies in the microchannel. A compact generic instrument with an array of 64 LEDs, a linear actuator to drive the pumping chamber, and absorbance detection for a colorimetric readout of the assay is also presented. Characterization of all the components and functionalities of the platform and the designed chip demonstrate their potential for assay automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Burdó-Masferrer
- Institut de Microelectronica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.B.-M.); (M.D.-G.); (Á.C.); (C.F.-S.)
| | - María Díaz-González
- Institut de Microelectronica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.B.-M.); (M.D.-G.); (Á.C.); (C.F.-S.)
| | - Ana Sanchis
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (A.S.); (M.-P.M.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Calleja
- Institut de Microelectronica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.B.-M.); (M.D.-G.); (Á.C.); (C.F.-S.)
| | - María-Pilar Marco
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (A.S.); (M.-P.M.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Fernández-Sánchez
- Institut de Microelectronica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.B.-M.); (M.D.-G.); (Á.C.); (C.F.-S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Baldi
- Institut de Microelectronica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (M.B.-M.); (M.D.-G.); (Á.C.); (C.F.-S.)
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Statistical process monitoring for e-waste based on beta regression and particle swarm optimization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITY & RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijqrm-09-2021-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeE-waste management can reduce relevant impact of the business activity without affecting reliability, quality or performance. Statistical process monitoring is an effective way for managing reliability and quality to devices in manufacturing processes. This paper proposes an approach for monitoring the proportion of e-waste devices based on Beta regression model and particle swarm optimization. A statistical process monitoring scheme integrating residual useful life techniques for efficient monitoring of e-waste components or equipment was developed.Design/methodology/approachAn approach integrating regression method and particle swarm optimization algorithm was developed for increasing the accuracy of regression model estimates. The control chart tools were used for monitoring the proportion of e-waste devices from fault detection of electronic devices in manufacturing process.FindingsThe results showed that the proposed statistical process monitoring was an excellent reliability and quality scheme for monitoring the proportion of e-waste devices in toner manufacturing process. The optimized regression model estimates showed a significant influence of the process variables for both individually injection rate and toner treads and the interactions between injection rate, toner treads, viscosity and density.Originality/valueThis research is different from others by providing an approach for modeling and monitoring the proportion of e-waste devices. Statistical process monitoring can be used to monitor waste product in manufacturing. Besides, the key contribution in this study is to develop different models for fault detection and identify any change point in the manufacturing process. The optimized model used can be replicated to other Electronic Industry and allows support of a satisfactory e-waste management.
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