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Farahinia A, Zhang W, Badea I. Recent Developments in Inertial and Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems along with the Involved Forces for Cancer Cell Separation: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115300. [PMID: 37300027 DOI: 10.3390/s23115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cancers is a significant challenge in the healthcare context today. Spreading circulating tumor cells (CTCs) throughout the body will eventually lead to cancer metastasis and produce new tumors near the healthy tissues. Therefore, separating these invading cells and extracting cues from them is extremely important for determining the rate of cancer progression inside the body and for the development of individualized treatments, especially at the beginning of the metastasis process. The continuous and fast separation of CTCs has recently been achieved using numerous separation techniques, some of which involve multiple high-level operational protocols. Although a simple blood test can detect the presence of CTCs in the blood circulation system, the detection is still restricted due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of CTCs. The development of more reliable and effective techniques is thus highly desired. The technology of microfluidic devices is promising among many other bio-chemical and bio-physical technologies. This paper reviews recent developments in the two types of microfluidic devices, which are based on the size and/or density of cells, for separating cancer cells. The goal of this review is to identify knowledge or technology gaps and to suggest future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farahinia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Bhat MP, Thendral V, Uthappa UT, Lee KH, Kigga M, Altalhi T, Kurkuri MD, Kant K. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Platform for Physical and Immunological Detection and Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040220. [PMID: 35448280 PMCID: PMC9025399 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CTCs (circulating tumor cells) are well-known for their use in clinical trials for tumor diagnosis. Capturing and isolating these CTCs from whole blood samples has enormous benefits in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In general, various approaches are being used to separate malignant cells, including immunomagnets, macroscale filters, centrifuges, dielectrophoresis, and immunological approaches. These procedures, on the other hand, are time-consuming and necessitate multiple high-level operational protocols. In addition, considering their low efficiency and throughput, the processes of capturing and isolating CTCs face tremendous challenges. Meanwhile, recent advances in microfluidic devices promise unprecedented advantages for capturing and isolating CTCs with greater efficiency, sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy. In this regard, this review article focuses primarily on the various fabrication methodologies involved in microfluidic devices and techniques specifically used to capture and isolate CTCs using various physical and biological methods as well as their conceptual ideas, advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Padmalaya Bhat
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Venkatachalam Thendral
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Madhuprasad Kigga
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahaveer D. Kurkuri
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India; (M.P.B.); (V.T.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Krishna Kant
- Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.D.K.); (K.K.)
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Bodo E, Merlo S, Bello V. Spectral Fingerprint Investigation in the near Infra-Red to Distinguish Harmful Ethylene Glycol from Isopropanol in a Microchannel. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22020459. [PMID: 35062420 PMCID: PMC8781737 DOI: 10.3390/s22020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene glycol (EG) and isopropanol (ISO) are among the major toxic alcohols that pose a risk to human health. However, it is important to distinguish them, since EG is more prone to cause renal failure, and can thus be more dangerous when ingested than ISO. Analysis of alcohols such as isopropanol and ethylene glycol generally can be performed with a complex chromatographic method. Here, we present an optical method based on absorption spectroscopy, performed remotely on EG-ISO mixtures filling a microchannel. Mixtures of ethylene glycol in isopropanol at different volume concentrations were analyzed in a contactless manner in a rectangular-section glass micro-capillary provided with integrated reflectors. Fiber-coupled broadband light in the wavelength range 1.3–1.7 µm crossed the microchannel multiple times before being directed towards an optical spectrum analyzer. The induced zig-zag path increased the fluid–light interaction length and enhanced the effect of optical absorption. A sophisticated theoretical model was developed and the results of our simulations were in very good agreement with the results of the experimental spectral measurements. Moreover, from the acquired data, we retrieved a responsivity parameter, defined as power ratio at two wavelengths, that is linearly related to the EG concentration in the alcoholic mixtures.
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Efficient Mercury Removal at Ultralow Metal Concentrations by Cysteine Functionalized Carbon-Coated Magnetite. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the preparation and utility of cysteine-functionalized carbon-coated Fe3O4 materials (Cys-C@Fe3O4) as efficient sorbents for remediation of Hg(II)-contaminated water. Efficient removal (90%) of Hg(II) from 1000 ppb aqueous solutions is possible, at very low Cys-C@Fe3O4 sorbent loadings (0.01 g sorbent per liter of Hg(II) solution). At low metal concentrations (5–100 ppb Hg(II)), where adsorption is typically slow, Hg(II) removal efficiencies of 94–99.4% were achievable, resulting in final Hg(II) levels of <1.0 ppb. From adsorption isotherms, the Hg(II) adsorption capacity for Cys-C@Fe3O4 is 94.33 mg g−1, around three times that of carbon-coated Fe3O4 material. The highest partition coefficient (PC) of 2312.5 mgg−1µM−1 was achieved at the initial Hg (II) concentration of 100 ppb, while significantly high PC values of 300 mgg−1µM−1 and above were also obtained in the ultralow concentration range (≤20 ppb). Cys-C@Fe3O4 exhibits excellent selectivity for Hg(II) when tested in the presence of Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions, is easily separable from aqueous media by application of an external magnet, and can be regenerated for three subsequent uses without compromising Hg(II) uptake. Derived from commercially available raw materials, it is highly possible to achieve large-scale production of the functional sorbent for practical applications.
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Bello V, Merlo S. Micro-opto-fluidic platform for solvents identification based on absorption properties in the NIR region. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3351-3358. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zulkifli SN, Rahim HA, Lau WJ. Detection of contaminants in water supply: A review on state-of-the-art monitoring technologies and their applications. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2018; 255:2657-2689. [PMID: 32288249 PMCID: PMC7126548 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Water monitoring technologies are widely used for contaminants detection in wide variety of water ecology applications such as water treatment plant and water distribution system. A tremendous amount of research has been conducted over the past decades to develop robust and efficient techniques of contaminants detection with minimum operating cost and energy. Recent developments in spectroscopic techniques and biosensor approach have improved the detection sensitivities, quantitatively and qualitatively. The availability of in-situ measurements and multiple detection analyses has expanded the water monitoring applications in various advanced techniques including successful establishment in hand-held sensing devices which improves portability in real-time basis for the detection of contaminant, such as microorganisms, pesticides, heavy metal ions, inorganic and organic components. This paper intends to review the developments in water quality monitoring technologies for the detection of biological and chemical contaminants in accordance with instrumental limitations. Particularly, this review focuses on the most recently developed techniques for water contaminant detection applications. Several recommendations and prospective views on the developments in water quality assessments will also be included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herlina Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Woei-Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Multiplexed capillary microfluidic immunoassay with smartphone data acquisition for parallel mycotoxin detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhang Y, Xu M, Tian W, Xu Q, Xiao J. Analysis of three-dimensional interference patterns of an inclined capillary. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:5936-5944. [PMID: 27505374 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.005936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the interference patterns from an inclined capillary tube filled with liquid by using the ray tracing method and interference theory. A beautiful elliptical pattern is found on the screen, with refined fringes embedded in it. Particularly, the fringes on top of the pattern are continuously swallowed to the center with the angle of incidence increasing. In addition, a method is demonstrated to determine the refractive index of the liquid and the wavelength of the incident light by measuring the capillary tilt of every 10-fringe being swallowed, which looks like fringe crossover, with respect to the change of the inclined angle of the capillary.
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Stasio N, Shibukawa A, Papadopoulos IN, Farahi S, Simandoux O, Huignard JP, Bossy E, Moser C, Psaltis D. Towards new applications using capillary waveguides. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4619-31. [PMID: 26713182 PMCID: PMC4679242 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate the enhancement of the sensing capabilities of glass capillaries. We exploit their properties as optical and acoustic waveguides to transform them potentially into high resolution minimally invasive endoscopic devices. We show two possible applications of silica capillary waveguides demonstrating fluorescence and optical-resolution photoacoustic imaging using a single 330 μm-thick silica capillary. A nanosecond pulsed laser is focused and scanned in front of a capillary by digital phase conjugation through the silica annular ring of the capillary, used as an optical waveguide. We demonstrate optical-resolution photoacoustic images of a 30 μm-thick nylon thread using the water-filled core of the same capillary as an acoustic waveguide, resulting in a fully passive endoscopic device. Moreover, fluorescence images of 1.5 μm beads are obtained collecting the fluorescence signal through the optical waveguide. This kind of silica-capillary waveguide together with wavefront shaping techniques such as digital phase conjugation, paves the way to minimally invasive multi-modal endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolino Stasio
- Laboratory of Optics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
- contributed equally
| | - Atsushi Shibukawa
- Laboratory of Optics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
- contributed equally
| | - Ioannis N. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Optics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Salma Farahi
- Laboratory of Optics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Olivier Simandoux
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris,
France
| | | | - Emmanuel Bossy
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris,
France
| | - Christophe Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Demetri Psaltis
- Laboratory of Optics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
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Chan AS, Danquah MK, Agyei D, Hartley PG, Zhu Y. A simple microfluidic chip design for fundamental bioseparation. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:175457. [PMID: 24527255 PMCID: PMC3910460 DOI: 10.1155/2014/175457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A microchip pressure-driven liquid chromatographic system with a packed column has been designed and fabricated by using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The liquid chromatographic column was packed with mesoporous silica beads of Ia3d space group. Separation of dyes and biopolymers was carried out to verify the performance of the chip. A mixture of dyes (fluorescein and rhodamine B) and a biopolymer mixture (10 kDa Dextran and 66 kDa BSA) were separated and the fluorescence technique was employed to detect the movement of the molecules. Fluorescein molecule was a nonretained species and rhodamine B was attached onto silica surface when dye mixture in deionized water was injected into the microchannel. The retention times for dextran molecule and BSA molecule in biopolymer separation experiment were 45 s and 120 s, respectively. Retention factor was estimated to be 3.3 for dextran and 10.4 for BSA. The selectivity was 3.2 and resolution was 10.7. Good separation of dyes and biopolymers was achieved and the chip design was verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. Chan
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael K. Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Yonggang Zhu
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia
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Florea L, Diamond D, Benito-Lopez F. Polyaniline coated micro-capillaries for continuous flow analysis of aqueous solutions. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 759:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Lamprecht B, Tschepp A, Čajlaković M, Sagmeister M, Ribitsch V, Köstler S. A luminescence lifetime-based capillary oxygen sensor utilizing monolithically integrated organic photodiodes. Analyst 2013; 138:5875-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bettotti P, Pitanti A, Rigo E, De Leonardis F, Passaro VMN, Pavesi L. Modeling of slot waveguide sensors based on polymeric materials. SENSORS 2011; 11:7327-40. [PMID: 22164020 PMCID: PMC3231716 DOI: 10.3390/s110807327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Slot waveguides are very promising for optical sensing applications because of their peculiar spatial mode profile. In this paper we have carried out a detailed analysis of mode confinement properties in slot waveguides realized in very low refractive index materials. We show that the sensitivity of a slot waveguide is not directly related to the refractive index contrast of high and low materials forming the waveguide. Thus, a careful design of the structures allows the realization of high sensitivity devices even in very low refractive index materials (e.g., polymers) to be achieved. Advantages of low index dielectrics in terms of cost, functionalization and ease of fabrication are discussed while keeping both CMOS compatibility and integrable design schemes. Finally, applications of low index slot waveguides as substitute of bulky fiber capillary sensors or in ring resonator architectures are addressed. Theoretical results of this work are relevant to well established polymer technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bettotti
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy; E-Mails: (A.P.); (E.R.); (L.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0461-283-172, Fax: +39-0461-282-967
| | - Alessandro Pitanti
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy; E-Mails: (A.P.); (E.R.); (L.P.)
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eveline Rigo
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy; E-Mails: (A.P.); (E.R.); (L.P.)
- Department of Physics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/A, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco De Leonardis
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Ambiente e per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile, Politecnico di Bari, Viale del Turismo 8, 74100 Taranto, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Vittorio M. N. Passaro
- Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Lorenzo Pavesi
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy; E-Mails: (A.P.); (E.R.); (L.P.)
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