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Luo J, Mou F, Sun Y, Li S. Retrieval of weak non-resonant photoacoustic signal with the chaotic oscillator algorithm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:26509-26525. [PMID: 34615085 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopic technique has become a popular tool for trace gas detection and is especially suitable for in situ measurement of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) decomposition components in gas insulated switchgear (GIS). However, the concentrations of SF6 decomposition components are generally very low and the resulting PA signals are too weak to be accurately retrieved with traditional methods. In this study, we proposed a Lyapunov exponent based chaotic oscillator algorithm to retrieve the weak PA signals of SF6 decomposition components. Retrieval of weak PA signals from strong noise background was achieved for both simulation and measurement perspectives. The results were compared with those based on phase-locked amplification technique. Both simulation and measurement results concluded that the proposed chaotic oscillator algorithm is superior to the phase-locked amplification in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and stability. Since most trace gases have weak absorption signatures in the atmosphere (below 1%), this study can provide valuable insights in dealt with such weak signals in remote sensing of atmosphere.
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Tomberg T, Vuorio N, Hieta T, Jussila M, Hartonen K, Vainio M, Mikkonen T, Toivonen J, Riekkola ML, Halonen L, Metsälä M. Broadband Laser-Based Infrared Detector for Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14582-14588. [PMID: 33081464 PMCID: PMC7660589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy coupled with gas chromatography is used to quantitatively analyze a mixture of alcohols in a quasi-online manner. A full identification and quantification of all analytes are achieved based on their spectral fingerprints using a widely tunable continuous-wave laser as a light source. This can be done even in the case of interfering column/septum bleed or simultaneously eluted peaks. The combination of photoacoustic spectroscopy and gas chromatography offers a viable solution for compact and portable instruments in applications that require straightforward analyses with no consumables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Tomberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Vuorio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Hieta
- Gasera Ltd., Lemminkäisenkatu 59, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Jussila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hartonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Vainio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Mikkonen
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Toivonen
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Riekkola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Halonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Metsälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Karhu J, Philip H, Baranov A, Teissier R, Hieta T. Sub-ppb detection of benzene using cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy with a long-wavelength infrared quantum cascade laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5962-5965. [PMID: 33137041 DOI: 10.1364/ol.405402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel, to the best of our knowledge, photoacoustic spectrometer for trace gas sensing of benzene. A quantum cascade laser emitting at the wavelength 14.8 µm is used as the light source in the spectroscopic detection. This wavelength region contains the strongest vibrational band of benzene, which is free of spectral overlap from common trace gases, making it a strong candidate for sensitive benzene detection. Cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy is used for detection. This simple and robust measurement setup can reach a benzene detection limit below 1 ppb.
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Wu MC, Lin CH, Lin TH, Chan SH, Chang YH, Lin TF, Zhou Z, Wang K, Lai CS. Ultrasensitive Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds by a Freestanding Aligned Ag/CdSe-CdS/PMMA Texture with Double-Side UV-Ozone Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34454-34462. [PMID: 31433155 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic chemicals having a high vapor pressure at room temperature. Chronic exposure to VOC vapor can be potentially dangerous to human health. In this study, we build a high-performance freestanding aligned Ag/CdSe-CdS/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) texture to detect VOC vapors. The insight of this new VOC-sensing material is based on electrospinning techniques, ultraviolet (UV)/ozone treatments, and nano-optics. The incorporation of CdSe-CdS core-shell quantum rods (QR) and silver nanocrystals in the PMMA nanofibers amplifies the polarization response of long rods in VOC detection, thus increasing the sensitivity of VOC-sensing materials. Further, the uniaxial aligned Ag/QR/PMMA sensing material was treated by UV-ozone etching to increase surface absorption. The advanced double-sided UV-ozone etching on the uniaxial aligned Ag/QR/PMMA efficiently enhanced the extinction changes of VOCs. Two categories of solvents, typical VOCs and alcoholic VOCs, were put into practical tests for the Ag/QR/PMMA VOC-sensing materials. The Ag/QR/PMMA reached the detection limit for 100 ppm butanol within 1 min. The freestanding aligned Ag/CdSe-CdS/PMMA texture is a newly designed nanocomposite device for environmental risk monitoring. It can be accepted by the market compared to the other highly sensitive commercial VOC-sensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tz-Feng Lin
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials , Feng Chia University , Taichung 40724 , Taiwan
| | - Ziming Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department of Materials Engineering , Ming Chi University of Technology , New Taipei City 24301 , Taiwan
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Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for the Determination of Lung Cancer Biomarkers-A Preliminary Investigation. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17010210. [PMID: 28117732 PMCID: PMC5298781 DOI: 10.3390/s17010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With 1.6 million deaths per year, lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. One reason for this high number is the absence of a preventive medical examination method. Many diagnoses occur in a late cancer stage with a low survival rate. An early detection could significantly decrease the mortality. In recent decades, certain substances in human breath have been linked to certain diseases. Different studies show that it is possible to distinguish between lung cancer patients and a healthy control group by analyzing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their breath. We developed a sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscopy for six of the most relevant VOCs linked to lung cancer. As a radiation source, the sensor uses an optical-parametric oscillator (OPO) in a wavelength region from 3.2 µm to 3.5 µm. The limits of detection for a single substance range between 5 ppb and 142 ppb. We also measured high resolution absorption spectra of the biomarkers compared to the data currently available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database, which is the basis of any selective spectroscopic detection. Future lung cancer screening devices could be based on the further development of this sensor.
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Barrios-Collado C, García-Gómez D, Zenobi R, Vidal-de-Miguel G, Ibáñez AJ, Martinez-Lozano Sinues P. Capturing in Vivo Plant Metabolism by Real-Time Analysis of Low to High Molecular Weight Volatiles. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2406-12. [PMID: 26814403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have deployed an efficient secondary electrospray ionization source coupled to an Orbitrap mass analyzer (SESI-MS) to investigate the emissions of a Begonia semperflorens. We document how hundreds of species can be tracked with an unparalleled time resolution of 2 min during day-night cycles. To further illustrate the capabilities of this system for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis, we subjected the plant to mechanical damage and monitored its response. As a result, ∼1200 VOCs were monitored displaying different kinetics. To validate the soundness of our in vivo measurements, we fully characterized some key compounds via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and confirmed their expected behavior based on prior gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) studies. For example, β-caryophyllene, which is directly related to photosynthesis, was found to show a periodic day-night pattern with highest concentrations during the day. We conclude that the capability of SESI-MS to capture highly dynamic VOC emissions and wide analyte coverage makes it an attractive tool to complement GC/MS in plant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Barrios-Collado
- Department of Energy Engineering and Fluid Dynamics, University of Valladolid , 47002 Valladolid, Spain.,SEADM S.L., 28036 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego García-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo Vidal-de-Miguel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Fossil Ion Technology S.L., 28036 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Ibáñez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Science Zurich - Zurich PhD Program Molecular Life Sciences, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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