1
|
Han X, Huang M, Wu Z, Gao Y, Xia Y, Yang P, Fan S, Lu X, Yang X, Liang L, Su W, Wang L, Cui Z, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhao L, Jiang Z. Advances in high-performance MEMS pressure sensors: design, fabrication, and packaging. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:156. [PMID: 38125202 PMCID: PMC10730882 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pressure sensors play a vital role in aerospace, automotive, medical, and consumer electronics. Although microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based pressure sensors have been widely used for decades, new trends in pressure sensors, including higher sensitivity, higher accuracy, better multifunctionality, smaller chip size, and smaller package size, have recently emerged. The demand for performance upgradation has led to breakthroughs in sensor materials, design, fabrication, and packaging methods, which have emerged frequently in recent decades. This paper reviews common new trends in MEMS pressure sensors, including minute differential pressure sensors (MDPSs), resonant pressure sensors (RPSs), integrated pressure sensors, miniaturized pressure chips, and leadless pressure sensors. To realize an extremely sensitive MDPS with broad application potential, including in medical ventilators and fire residual pressure monitors, the "beam-membrane-island" sensor design exhibits the best performance of 66 μV/V/kPa with a natural frequency of 11.3 kHz. In high-accuracy applications, silicon and quartz RPS are analyzed, and both materials show ±0.01%FS accuracy with respect to varying temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) control methods. To improve MEMS sensor integration, different integrated "pressure + x" sensor designs and fabrication methods are compared. In this realm, the intercoupling effect still requires further investigation. Typical fabrication methods for microsized pressure sensor chips are also reviewed. To date, the chip thickness size can be controlled to be <0.1 mm, which is advantageous for implant sensors. Furthermore, a leadless pressure sensor was analyzed, offering an extremely small package size and harsh environmental compatibility. This review is structured as follows. The background of pressure sensors is first presented. Then, an in-depth introduction to MEMS pressure sensors based on different application scenarios is provided. Additionally, their respective characteristics and significant advancements are analyzed and summarized. Finally, development trends of MEMS pressure sensors in different fields are analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguang Han
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Mimi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Zutang Wu
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an, 710024 China
| | - Yi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Yong Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Shu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Xuhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Xiaokai Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Wenbi Su
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Zeyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Yihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Zhikang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu Z, Yan J, Ji M, Zhou Y, Wang D, Wang Y, Mai Z, Zhao X, Nan T, Xing G, Zhang S. An SOI-Structured Piezoresistive Differential Pressure Sensor with High Performance. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13122250. [PMID: 36557549 PMCID: PMC9782552 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a piezoresistive differential pressure sensor based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure for low pressure detection from 0 to 30 kPa. In the design phase, the stress distribution on the sensing membrane surface is simulated, and the doping concentration and geometry of the piezoresistor are evaluated. By optimizing the process, the realization of the pressure sensing diaphragm with a controllable thickness is achieved, and good ohmic contact is ensured. To obtain higher sensitivity and high temperature stability, an SOI structure with a 1.5 µm ultra-thin monocrystalline silicon layer is used in device manufacturing. The device diaphragm size is 700 µm × 700 µm × 2.1 µm. The experimental results show that the fabricated piezoresistive pressure sensor has a high sensitivity of 2.255 mV/V/kPa and a sensing resolution of less than 100 Pa at room temperature. The sensor has a temperature coefficient of sensitivity (TCS) of -0.221 %FS/°C and a temperature coefficient of offset (TCO) of -0.209 %FS/°C at operating temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 160 °C. The reported piezoresistive microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) pressure sensors are fabricated on 8-inch wafers using standard CMOS-compatible processes, which provides a volume solution for embedded integrated precision detection applications of air pressure, offering better insights for high-temperature and miniaturized low-pressure sensor research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Xu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Meilin Ji
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yongxin Zhou
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- JiuFengShan Laboratory, Future Science and Technology City, Wuhan 420000, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Zhihong Mai
- JiuFengShan Laboratory, Future Science and Technology City, Wuhan 420000, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianxiang Nan
- Institute of Microelectronis, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guozhong Xing
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Songsong Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
- JiuFengShan Laboratory, Future Science and Technology City, Wuhan 420000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Application of Miniature FBG-MEMS Pressure Sensor in Penetration Process of Jacked Pile. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090876. [PMID: 32967090 PMCID: PMC7570314 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the penetration mechanism of jacked piles in viscous soil foundation, the stress variation law of the pile–soil interface was obtained by installing silicon piezoresistive earth pressure and pore water pressure sensors, and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors in a model pile body, and the penetration characteristics of jacked piles in homogeneous viscous soil were defined. The test results show that: Fiber Bragg grating and silicon piezoresistive sensing technology can better meet the requirements of testing the characteristics of jacked pile in viscous soil. The ratio of pile lateral resistance to pile end resistance varies when pile is jacked in homogeneous viscous soil. In the early stage of pile jacking, the ratio of pile lateral resistance is small, and in the later stage of pile jacking, the ratio of pile lateral resistance increases, but the ratio of pile end resistance is still higher than that of pile lateral resistance. The ratio of the effective stress to the total radial stress is high, and the variation law of the two is consistent with the depth. The total radial stress, pore water pressure, and effective radial stress all exhibit the degradation phenomenon, and the degradation degree decreases gradually with the increase in penetration depth at the same depth. The ratio of excess pore water pressure to overburden weight decreases with the increase in depth, and the maximum value is 87%. The research results can provide a reference for the engineering practice of jacked pile in viscous soil foundation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Qatatsheh A, Morsi Y, Zavabeti A, Zolfagharian A, Salim N, Z. Kouzani A, Mosadegh B, Gharaie S. Blood Pressure Sensors: Materials, Fabrication Methods, Performance Evaluations and Future Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4484. [PMID: 32796604 PMCID: PMC7474433 DOI: 10.3390/s20164484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in materials science and fabrication techniques have contributed to the significant growing attention to a wide variety of sensors for digital healthcare. While the progress in this area is tremendously impressive, few wearable sensors with the capability of real-time blood pressure monitoring are approved for clinical use. One of the key obstacles in the further development of wearable sensors for medical applications is the lack of comprehensive technical evaluation of sensor materials against the expected clinical performance. Here, we present an extensive review and critical analysis of various materials applied in the design and fabrication of wearable sensors. In our unique transdisciplinary approach, we studied the fundamentals of blood pressure and examined its measuring modalities while focusing on their clinical use and sensing principles to identify material functionalities. Then, we carefully reviewed various categories of functional materials utilized in sensor building blocks allowing for comparative analysis of the performance of a wide range of materials throughout the sensor operational-life cycle. Not only this provides essential data to enhance the materials' properties and optimize their performance, but also, it highlights new perspectives and provides suggestions to develop the next generation pressure sensors for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Qatatsheh
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Yosry Morsi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Nisa Salim
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Abbas Z. Kouzani
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Saleh Gharaie
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A Novel Piezoresistive MEMS Pressure Sensors Based on Temporary Bonding Technology. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20020337. [PMID: 31936069 PMCID: PMC7013386 DOI: 10.3390/s20020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor fabricated by temporary bonding technology was reported in this paper. The sensing membrane was formed on the device layer of an SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) wafer, which was bonded to borosilicate glass (Borofloat 33, BF33) wafer for supporting before releasing with Cu-Cu bonding after boron doping and electrode patterning. The handle layer was bonded to another BF33 wafer after thinning and etching. Finally, the substrate BF33 wafer was thinned by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) to reduce the total device thickness. The copper temporary bonding layer was removed by acid solution after dicing to release the sensing membrane. The chip area of the fabricated pressure sensor was of 1600 μm × 650 μm × 104 μm, and the size of a sensing membrane was of 100 μm × 100 μm × 2 μm. A higher sensitivity of 36 μV/(V∙kPa) in the range of 0–180 kPa was obtained. By further reducing the width, the fabricated miniature pressure sensor could be easily mounted in a medical catheter for the blood pressure measurement.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chatterjee S, Saxena M, Padmanabhan D, Jayachandra M, Pandya HJ. Futuristic medical implants using bioresorbable materials and devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
7
|
Development of an Al-load-cell-based wireless ringer's solution monitoring and alarm system: insight into vibrational error correction. Biomed Eng Lett 2019; 9:245-255. [PMID: 31168429 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-019-00107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed an aluminum-load-cell-based wireless Ringer's solution monitoring and alarm (WRMA) system. The Al load cell was designed with a rectangular shape, and the load was concentrated in the lower beam part of the load cell because of the anisotropic thickness. From the static analysis, we identified the appropriate location for a Wheatstone bridge circuit consisting of four strain gauges. In addition, the modal and harmonic analyses showed that the vibrational frequencies of the hospital environment do not seriously interfere with the output voltage of the Al load cell. However, random vibrations generated by the movement of the WRMA system on various surfaces severely increase the standard deviation of the measured solution weight by ± 10 g or more. Such vibrational error is too large because the average weight of Ringer's solution is 30-40 g at the time of replacing Ringer's solution. Thus, this error could be confusing for nurses and result in mistakes in the timely replacement of the Ringer's solution. However, the standard deviation of the measured weight was dramatically reduced to ± 3 g or less by using the vibration correction algorithm developed in the present study.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tran AV, Zhang X, Zhu B. Mechanical Structural Design of a Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor for Low-Pressure Measurement: A Computational Analysis by Increases in the Sensor Sensitivity. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18072023. [PMID: 29937534 PMCID: PMC6069098 DOI: 10.3390/s18072023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) piezoresistive pressure sensor with a four-petal membrane combined with narrow beams and a center boss (PMNBCB) for low-pressure measurements. The stresses induced in the piezoresistors and deflection of the membrane were calculated using the finite element method (FEM). The functions of the relationship between the dimension variables and mechanical performance were determined based on the curve fitting method, which can provide an approach for geometry optimization of the sensor. In addition, the values in the equations were varied to determine the optimal dimensions for the proposed membrane. Then, to further improve the sensitivity of the sensor, a series of rectangular grooves was created at the position of the piezoresistors. The proposed diaphragm was compared to existing diaphragms, and a considerable increase in the sensitivity and a considerable decrease in nonlinearity error could be achieved by using the proposed sensor. The simulation results suggest that the sensor with the PMNBCB structure obtained a high sensitivity of 34.67 mV/kPa and a low nonlinearity error of 0.23% full-scale span (FSS) for the pressure range of 0–5 kPa. The proposed sensor structure is a suitable selection for MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Vang Tran
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Precision Equipment and Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xianmin Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Precision Equipment and Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Benliang Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Precision Equipment and Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang J, Chen J, Li M, Ge Y, Wang T, Shan P, Mao X. Design, Fabrication, and Implementation of an Array-Type MEMS Piezoresistive Intelligent Pressure Sensor System. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E104. [PMID: 30424038 PMCID: PMC6187660 DOI: 10.3390/mi9030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To meet the radiosonde requirement of high sensitivity and linearity, this study designs and implements a monolithically integrated array-type piezoresistive intelligent pressure sensor system which is made up of two groups of four pressure sensors with the pressure range of 0⁻50 kPa and 0⁻100 kPa respectively. First, theoretical models and ANSYS (version 14.5, Canonsburg, PA, USA) finite element method (FEM) are adopted to optimize the parameters of array sensor structure. Combing with FEM stress distribution results, the size and material characteristics of the array-type sensor are determined according to the analysis of the sensitivity and the ratio of signal to noise (SNR). Based on the optimized parameters, the manufacture and packaging of array-type sensor chips are then realized by using the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and microelectromechanical system (MEMS) process. Furthermore, an intelligent acquisition and processing system for pressure and temperature signals is achieved. The S3C2440A microprocessor (Samsung, Seoul, Korea) is regarded as the core part which can be applied to collect and process data. In particular, digital signal storage, display and transmission are realized by the application of a graphical user interface (GUI) written in QT/E. Besides, for the sake of compensating the temperature drift and nonlinear error, the data fusion technique is proposed based on a wavelet neural network improved by genetic algorithm (GA-WNN) for average measuring signal. The GA-WNN model is implemented in hardware by using a S3C2440A microprocessor. Finally, the results of calibration and test experiments achieved with the temperature ranges from -20 to 20 °C show that: (1) the nonlinear error and the sensitivity of the array-type pressure sensor are 8330 × 10-4 and 0.052 mV/V/kPa in the range of 0⁻50 kPa, respectively; (2) the nonlinear error and the sensitivity are 8129 × 10-4 and 0.020 mV/V/kPa in the range of 50⁻100 kPa, respectively; (3) the overall error of the intelligent pressure sensor system is maintained at ±0.252% within the hybrid composite range (0⁻100 kPa). The involved results indicate that the developed array-type composite pressure sensor has good performance, which can provide a useful reference for the development of multi-range MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yixian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Peng Shan
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Xiaoli Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li C, Cordovilla F, Jagdheesh R, Ocaña JL. Design Optimization and Fabrication of a Novel Structural SOI Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor with High Accuracy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E439. [PMID: 29393916 PMCID: PMC5855054 DOI: 10.3390/s18020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel structural piezoresistive pressure sensor with four-grooved membrane combined with rood beam to measure low pressure. In this investigation, the design, optimization, fabrication, and measurements of the sensor are involved. By analyzing the stress distribution and deflection of sensitive elements using finite element method, a novel structure featuring high concentrated stress profile (HCSP) and locally stiffened membrane (LSM) is built. Curve fittings of the mechanical stress and deflection based on FEM simulation results are performed to establish the relationship between mechanical performance and structure dimension. A combination of FEM and curve fitting method is carried out to determine the structural dimensions. The optimized sensor chip is fabricated on a SOI wafer by traditional MEMS bulk-micromachining and anodic bonding technology. When the applied pressure is 1 psi, the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 30.9 mV/V/psi, a pressure nonlinearity of 0.21% FSS and an accuracy of 0.30%, and thereby the contradiction between sensitivity and linearity is alleviated. In terms of size, accuracy and high temperature characteristic, the proposed sensor is a proper choice for measuring pressure of less than 1 psi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, Polytechnical University of Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Cordovilla
- E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, Polytechnical University of Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Jagdheesh
- E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, Polytechnical University of Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José L Ocaña
- E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, Polytechnical University of Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li C, Cordovilla F, Ocaña JL. Annularly grooved membrane combined with rood beam piezoresistive pressure sensor for low pressure applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:035002. [PMID: 28372406 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel structural piezoresistive pressure sensor with annularly grooved membrane combined with rood beam has been proposed for low pressure measurements based on silicon substrate. In this study, a design method, including the model design, dimensions optimization, and performance prediction of the novel structure sensor, is presented. The finite element method has been used to analyze the stress distribution of sensitive elements and the deflection of membrane. On the basis of simulation results, the relationships between structural dimension variables and mechanical performance are deduced, which make the fabrication processes more efficient. According to statistics theory, the coefficient of determination R2 and residual sum of squares are introduced to indicate whether the fitting equations and curves match well with the simulation results. After that, a series of the optimal membrane dimensions are determined. Compared with other structural sensors, the optimized sensor achieves the best overall properties as it mitigates the contradiction between sensitivity and linearity. The reasons why the proposed sensor can maximize sensitivity and minimize nonlinearity are also discussed. By localizing more strain energy in the high concentrated stress profile and creating partially stiffened membrane, the proposed sensor has achieved a high sensitivity of 34.5 (mV/V)/psi and a low nonlinearity of 0.25% FSS. Thus, the proposed structure sensor will be a proper choice for low pressure applications less than 1 psi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- UPM Laser Center, Polytechnical University of Madrid, Carretera de Valencia, km. 7.3, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Cordovilla
- UPM Laser Center, Polytechnical University of Madrid, Carretera de Valencia, km. 7.3, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Ocaña
- UPM Laser Center, Polytechnical University of Madrid, Carretera de Valencia, km. 7.3, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pourriahi M, Gurman P, Daich J, Cynamon P, Richler A, Elman N, Rosen Y. The use of micro-electro mechanical systems in vascular monitoring: implications for clinical use. Expert Rev Med Devices 2016; 13:831-7. [PMID: 27487249 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2016.1207520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BioMEMS relates to the implementation of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), in the biological and medical sphere. BioMEMS sensors are being utilized for many clinical applications, including a wireless urinary pressure system, right heart pressure sensor, and measurements on shearing force on the vascular system An important application of BioMEMS is on Heart failure (HF), a common disease, with a prevalence of 10% or more in persons 70 years of age or older, associated with high morbidity and mortality. HF affects over 5 million people and contributes to over 200,000 deaths a year in the United States alone. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this paper is to provide a short overview on the successful implementation of BioMEMS sensors in heart failure and vascular medicine. Expert commentary: BioMEMS devices have overcome current limitations in pharmacotherapies for resistant hypertension by electrical modulation of the baroreceeptors. This represents a step towards the development of biomedical micro-devices for those conditions in which pharmacotherapies result poorly effective or elicit unacceptable toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Gurman
- b Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Texas- Dallas , Richardson , Texas , USA
| | - Jonathan Daich
- a Superior Nano Biosystems LLC , Highland Park , NJ , USA
| | - Philip Cynamon
- a Superior Nano Biosystems LLC , Highland Park , NJ , USA
| | - Aaron Richler
- a Superior Nano Biosystems LLC , Highland Park , NJ , USA
| | - Noel Elman
- c Materials Division, Bio Group , Charles Stark Draper Laboratories , Cambridge , MA , USA.,d Center for Innovations in Care Delivery , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Yitzhak Rosen
- a Superior Nano Biosystems LLC , Highland Park , NJ , USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meng X, Zhao Y. The Design and Optimization of a Highly Sensitive and Overload-Resistant Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16030348. [PMID: 27005627 PMCID: PMC4813923 DOI: 10.3390/s16030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A piezoresistive pressure sensor with a beam-membrane-dual-island structure is developed for micro-pressure monitoring in the field of aviation, which requires great sensitivity and overload resistance capacity. The design, fabrication, and test of the sensor are presented in this paper. By analyzing the stress distribution of sensitive elements using the finite element method, a novel structure incorporating sensitive beams with a traditional bossed diaphragm is built up. The proposed structure proved to be advantageous in terms of high sensitivity and high overload resistance compared with the conventional bossed diaphragm and flat diaphragm structures. Curve fittings of surface stress and deflection based on ANSYS simulation results are performed to establish the sensor equations. Fabricated on an n-type single crystal silicon wafer, the sensor chips are wire-bonded to a printed circuit board (PCB) and packaged for experiments. The static and dynamic characteristics are tested and discussed. Experimental results show that the sensor has a sensitivity as high as 17.339 μV/V/Pa in the range of 500 Pa at room temperature, and a high overload resistance of 200 times overpressure. Due to the excellent performance, the sensor can be applied in measuring micro-pressure lower than 500 Pa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Meng
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yan Xiang Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yulong Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yan Xiang Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
| |
Collapse
|