An Efficient User Authentication and User Anonymity Scheme with Provably Security for IoT-Based Medical Care System

Securing the future of IoT-healthcare systems: A meta-synthesis of mandatory security requirements

INTRODUCTION

Healthcare-based Internet of Things (Healthcare-IoT) is a turning point in the development of health information systems. This emerging trend significantly contributes to enhancing users' awareness of their health, ultimately leading to an extension in life expectancy. Security and privacy are among the greatest challenges for H-IoT systems. To establish complete safety and security in these systems, the implementation of mandatory security requirements is imperative. For this reason, this study identifies the necessary security requirements for H-IoT systems using a Meta-Synthesis approach.

METHODS

Initially, following the Seven-Stage Sandelowski & Barroso approach, the existing literature was searched in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Among the 844 extracted articles from the period of 2010 to 2020, 78 final articles were reviewed and analyzed, leading to the identification of 51 security requirements. Subsequently, to assess the quality of the identified requirements and their overlap, interviews were conducted with two experts.

RESULTS

Finally, 14 security requirements, predominantly with technical and quantitative aspects, were identified for designing a Healthcare-IoT system and implementing security mechanisms.

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study emphasize that addressing the identified 14 security requirements is crucial for safeguarding Healthcare-IoT systems and ensuring their robustness in the evolving health information landscape.

Secure data authentication and access control protocol for industrial healthcare system

Because of recent COVID-19 epidemic, the Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) has acquired a significant impetus to diagnose patients remotely, regulate medical equipment, and track quarantined patients via smart electronic devices installed at the patient's end. Nevertheless, the IoMT confronts various security and privacy issues, such as entity authentication, confidentiality, and integrity of health-related data, among others, rendering this technology vulnerable to different attacks. To address these concerns, a number of security procedures based on traditional cryptographic approaches, such as discrete logarithm and integer factorization problems, have been developed. All of these protocols, however, are vulnerable to quantum attacks. This paper, in this context, presents a data authentication and access control protocol for IoMT systems that can withstand quantum attacks. A comprehensive formal security assessment demonstrates that the proposed algorithm can endure both current and future threats. In terms of data computing, transmission, and key storage overheads, it also surpasses other related techniques.

Recent advancements in digital health management using multi-modal signal monitoring

Healthcare is the method of keeping or enhancing physical and mental well-being with its aid of illness and injury prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The majority of conventional healthcare practices involve manual management and upkeep of client demographic information, case histories, diagnoses, medications, invoicing, and drug stock upkeep, which can result in human errors that have an impact on clients. By linking all the essential parameter monitoring equipment through a network with a decision-support system, digital health management based on Internet of Things (IoT) eliminates human errors and aids the doctor in making more accurate and timely diagnoses. The term "Internet of Medical Things" (IoMT) refers to medical devices that have the ability to communicate data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Meanwhile, more effective monitoring gadgets have been made due to the technology advancements, and these devices can typically record a few physiological signals simultaneously, including the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the electroglottography (EGG) signal, the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal, and the electrooculogram (EOG) signal. Yet, there has not been much research on the connection between digital health management and multi-modal signal monitoring. To bridge the gap, this article reviews the latest advancements in digital health management using multi-modal signal monitoring. Specifically, three digital health processes, namely, lower-limb data collection, statistical analysis of lower-limb data, and lower-limb rehabilitation via digital health management, are covered in this article, with the aim to fully review the current application of digital health technology in lower-limb symptom recovery.

A novel "five-in-one" comprehensive medical care framework for rehabilitation and nursing

With the evolution of society, the world has entered a moderate stage of aging. Not surprisingly, the aging problem in the world is getting more intense, resulting in the increasing demand for higher-quality and well-organized medical and elderly care services. To cope with that, many researchers have dedicated themselves to advancing the medical care system based on data or platforms. However, they have ignored the life cycle, health service and management and the inevitable shift of living scenarios for the elderly. Therefore, the study aims to improve health conditions and enhance senior citizens' life quality and happiness index. In this paper, we build a unified body for people in their old age, bridging the disconnection between medical care and elderly care and constructing the "five-in-one" comprehensive medical care framework. It should be mentioned that the system takes the human life cycle as its axis, relies on the supply side and supply chain management, integrates medicine, industry, literature and science as methods, and takes health service management as a requirement. Furthermore, a case study on upper limb rehabilitation is elaborated along the "five-in-one" comprehensive medical care framework to confirm the effectiveness of the novel system.

Authentication in the Internet of Medical Things: Taxonomy, Review, and Open Issues

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has revolutionized the world of healthcare by remotely connecting patients to healthcare providers through medical devices connected over the Internet. IoMT devices collect patients’ medical data and share them with healthcare providers, who analyze it for early control of diseases. The security of patients’ data is of prime importance in IoMT. Authentication of users and devices is the first layer of security in IoMT. However, because of diverse and resource-constrained devices, authentication in IoMT is a challenging task. Several authentication schemes for IoMT have been proposed in the literature. However, each of them has its own pros and cons. To identify, evaluate and summarize the current literature on authentication in IoMT, we conducted a systematic review of 118 articles published between 2016 and 2021. We also established a taxonomy of authentication schemes in IoMT from seven different perspectives. We observed that most of the authentication schemes use a distributed architecture and public key infrastructure. It was also observed that hybrid cryptography approaches have become popular to overcome the shortcomings of single cryptographic approaches. Authentication schemes in IoMT need to support end-to-end, cross-layer, and cross-domain authentication. Finally, we discuss some open issues and future directions.

IoT Solution for AI-Enabled PRIVACY-PREServing with Big Data Transferring: An Application for Healthcare Using Blockchain

Internet of Things (IoT) performs a vital role in providing connectivity between computing devices, processes, and things. It significantly increases the communication facilities and giving up-to-date information to distributed networks. On the other hand, the techniques of artificial intelligence offer numerous and valuable services in emerging fields. An IoT-based healthcare solution facilitates patients, hospitals, and professionals to observe real-time and critical data. In the literature, most of the solution suffers from data intermission, high ethical standards, and trustworthiness communication. Moreover, network interruption with recurrent expose of sensitive and personal health data decreases the reliance on network systems. Therefore, this paper intends to propose an IoT solution for AI-enabled privacy-preserving with big data transferring using blockchain. Firstly, the proposed algorithm uses a graph-modeling to develop a scalable and reliable system for gathering and transmitting data. In addition, it extracts the subset of nodes using the artificial intelligence approach and achieves efficient services for the healthcare system. Secondly, symmetric-based digital certificates are utilized to offer authentic and confidential transmission with communication resources using blockchain. The proposed algorithm is explored with existing solutions through multiple simulations and proved improvement in terms of realistic parameters.

Internet of Things (IoT) enabled healthcare helps to take the challenges of COVID-19 Pandemic

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

The Internet of Things (IoT) can create disruptive innovation in healthcare. Thus, during COVID-19 Pandemic, there is a need to study different applications of IoT enabled healthcare. For this, a brief study is required for research directions.

METHODS

Research papers on IoT in healthcare and COVID-19 Pandemic are studied to identify this technology's capabilities. This literature-based study may guide professionals in envisaging solutions to related problems and fighting against the COVID-19 type pandemic.

RESULTS

Briefly studied the significant achievements of IoT with the help of a process chart. Then identifies seven major technologies of IoT that seem helpful for healthcare during COVID-19 Pandemic. Finally, the study identifies sixteen basic IoT applications for the medical field during the COVID-19 Pandemic with a brief description of them.

CONCLUSIONS

In the current scenario, advanced information technologies have opened a new door to innovation in our daily lives. Out of these information technologies, the Internet of Things is an emerging technology that provides enhancement and better solutions in the medical field, like proper medical record-keeping, sampling, integration of devices, and causes of diseases. IoT's sensor-based technology provides an excellent capability to reduce the risk of surgery during complicated cases and helpful for COVID-19 type pandemic. In the medical field, IoT's focus is to help perform the treatment of different COVID-19 cases precisely. It makes the surgeon job easier by minimising risks and increasing the overall performance. By using this technology, doctors can easily detect changes in critical parameters of the COVID-19 patient. This information-based service opens up new healthcare opportunities as it moves towards the best way of an information system to adapt world-class results as it enables improvement of treatment systems in the hospital. Medical students can now be better trained for disease detection and well guided for the future course of action. IoT's proper usage can help correctly resolve different medical challenges like speed, price, and complexity. It can easily be customised to monitor calorific intake and treatment like asthma, diabetes, and arthritis of the COVID-19 patient. This digitally controlled health management system can improve the overall performance of healthcare during COVID-19 pandemic days.

Human Body Heat Based Thermoelectric Harvester with Ultra-Low Input Power Management System for Wireless Sensors Powering

Energy harvesting (EH) technique has been proposed as a favorable solution for addressing the power supply exhaustion in a wireless sensor node and prolong the operating time for a wireless sensor network. Thermoelectric energy generator (TEG) is a valuable device converting the waste heat into electricity which can be collected and stored for electronics. In this paper, the thermal energy from human body is captured and converted to the low electrical energy by means of thermoelectric energy harvester. The aim of presented work is utilizing the converted electricity to power the related electronic device and to extend the working life of a sensor node. Considering the related characteristics of TEG used for human, a type of a novel power management system is designed and presented to harvest generated electricity. The proposed circuit is developed based on off-the-shelf commercial chips, LTC3108 and BQ25504. It can accept the lowest input voltage of 20 mV, which is more suitable for human thermoelectric energy harvesting. Through experiments, developed energy harvesting system can effectively power the sensor to intermittently transmit the data as well as perform the converted energy storage. Compared to the independent commercial chips applications and other microcontroller-based energy harvesting systems, the designed thermoelectric energy harvester system presents the advantages not only in high energy storage utilization rate but also the ultra-low input voltage characteristic. Since the heat from human body is harvested, therefore, the system can possibly be used to power the sensor placed on human body and has practical applications such as physiological parameter monitoring.

An Improved Authentication and Security on Efficient Generalized Group Key Agreement Using Hyper Elliptic Curve Based Public Key Cryptography for IoT Health Care System

Due to tremendous development in the network technologies forms an Internet of Things (IoT) based Health Care System (HCS) is an essential application in day-today life. In HCS, constitute a group communication among doctors, patient, caretaker, ambulance, and hospital, which intern's devices transfer personal information from one to many group members. Providing security on the personal health information is the most critical issue, because malicious access on this information may leads to life threads. Concurrently, traditional cryptographic framework has unsuccessful to protection to the HCS over lightweight communications network. So, the proposed framework deals the security flaws through hyper elliptic curve based public key cryptosystem, which combines Digital Signature algorithm, Elgamal approaches that ensure the entity authentication and secure group communication. The performance of the proposed work analyzed using efficient security measures and compared with related schemes.

Cloud-assisted mutual authentication and privacy preservation protocol for telecare medical information systems

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

 With the rapid development of wireless communication technologies and the growing prevalence of smart devices, telecare medical information system (TMIS) allows patients to receive medical treatments from the doctors via Internet technology without visiting hospitals in person. By adopting mobile device, cloud-assisted platform and wireless body area network, the patients can collect their physiological conditions and upload them to medical cloud via their mobile devices, enabling caregivers or doctors to provide patients with appropriate treatments at anytime and anywhere. In order to protect the medical privacy of the patient and guarantee reliability of the system, before accessing the TMIS, all system participants must be authenticated.

METHODS

 Mohit et al. recently suggested a lightweight authentication protocol for cloud-based health care system. They claimed their protocol ensures resilience of all well-known security attacks and has several important features such as mutual authentication and patient anonymity. In this paper, we demonstrate that Mohit et al.'s authentication protocol has various security flaws and we further introduce an enhanced version of their protocol for cloud-assisted TMIS, which can ensure patient anonymity and patient unlinkability and prevent the security threats of report revelation and report forgery attacks.

RESULTS

 The security analysis proves that our enhanced protocol is secure against various known attacks as well as found in Mohit et al.'s protocol. Compared with existing related protocols, our enhanced protocol keeps the merits of all desirable security requirements and also maintains the efficiency in terms of computation costs for cloud-assisted TMIS.

CONCLUSIONS

 We propose a more secure mutual authentication and privacy preservation protocol for cloud-assisted TMIS, which fixes the mentioned security weaknesses found in Mohit et al.'s protocol. According to our analysis, our authentication protocol satisfies most functionality features for privacy preservation and effectively cope with cloud-assisted TMIS with better efficiency.