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Mangotra A, Singh SK. Volatile organic compounds: A threat to the environment and health hazards to living organisms - A review. J Biotechnol 2024; 382:51-69. [PMID: 38242502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the organic compounds having a minimum vapor pressure of 0.13 kPa at standard temperature and pressure (293 K, 101 kPa). Being used as a solvent for organic and inorganic compounds, they have a wide range of applications. Most of the VOCs are non-biodegradable and very easily become component of the environment and deplete its purity. It also deteriorates the water quality index of the water bodies, impairs the physiology of living beings, enters the food chain by bio-magnification and degrades, decomposes and manipulates the physiology of living organisms. To unveil the adverse impacts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their rapid eruption and interference in the living world, a review has been designed. This review presents an insight into the currently available VOCs, their sources, applications, sampling methods, analytic procedures, imposition on the health of aquatic and terrestrial communities and their contamination of the environment. Elaboration has been done on representation of toxicological effects of VOCs on vertebrates, invertebrates, and birds. Subsequently, the role of environmental agencies in the protection of environment has also been illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Mangotra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, NH-1, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India.
| | - Shailesh Kumar Singh
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, NH-1, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India.
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2
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Barreto D, Gelamo R, Mizaikoff B, Petruci JFS. Fabrication of Low-Cost Miniaturized Gas Cells via SLA 3D-Printing for UV-Based Gas Sensors. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8374-8380. [PMID: 38405469 PMCID: PMC10883014 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The use of 3D-printing technology for producing optical devices (i.e., mirrors and waveguides) remains challenging, especially in the UV spectral regime. Gas sensors based on absorbance measurements in the UV region are suitable for determining numerous volatile species in a variety of samples and analytical scenarios. The performance of absorbance-based gas sensors is dependent on the ability of the gas cell to propagate radiation across the absorption path length and facilitate interaction between photons and analytes. In this technical note, we present a 3D-printed substrate-integrated hollow waveguide (iHWG) to be used as a miniaturized and ultralightweight gas cell used in UV gas-sensing schemes. The substrates were fabricated via UV stereolithography and polished, and the light-guiding channel was coated with aluminum for UV reflectivity. This procedure resulted in a surface roughness of 11.2 nm for the reflective coating, yielding a radiation attenuation of 2.25 W/cm2. The 3D-printed iHWG was coupled to a UV light source and a portable USB-connected spectrometer. The sensing device was applied for the quantification of isoprene and acetone, serving as a proof-of-concept study. Detection limits of 0.22 and 0.03% in air were obtained for acetone and isoprene, respectively, with a nearly instantaneous sensor response. The development of portable, low-cost, and ultralightweight UV optical sensors enables their use in a wide range of scenarios ranging from environmental monitoring to clinical/medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra
Nunes Barreto
- Institute
of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia
(UFU), Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Gelamo
- Institute
of Technological and Exact Sciences, Federal
University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba 38025-440, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, 89077 Ulm, Germany
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3
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Mikhail IE, Hemida M, Lebanov L, Astrakhantseva S, Gupta V, Hortin P, Parry JS, Macka M, Paull B. Multi-wavelength deep-ultraviolet absorbance detector based upon program-controlled pulsing light-emitting diodes. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464382. [PMID: 37722175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for multi-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) absorbance detection has been introduced employing a single board computer (SBC) with a field programmable gate array (FPGA), Red Pitaya SBC, to generate separated micro pulses for three deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs), λmax = 235, 250, and 280 nm, along with data acquisition and processing via a custom-made program. The pulse set generation and data acquisition were synchronized using the SBC. The outputs of the three pulsing DUV-LEDs were combined and transmitted to the flow cell via a solarisation resistant trifurcated optical fiber (OF). An ultra-fast responding photodiode was connected to the optical-fiber-compatible flow cell to record the intensity of the DUV pulses. Upper limit of detector linearity (A95 %) was found to be 1917 mAU, 2189 mAU, and 1768 mAU at 235 nm, 250 nm, and 280 nm, respectively, with stray light ≤0.9 %. In addition, the effective path length (Leff) was estimated to be ≥98.0 % of the length of the used flow cell (50 mm). The new pulsed multi-LEDs absorbance detector (PMLAD) has been successfully coupled with a standard liquid chromatograph and utilized for the analysis of pharmaceuticals. Paracetamol, caffeine, and aspirin were simultaneously determined at 250, 280, and 235 nm, respectively, using the PMLAD. The absorbance ratios between the different wavelengths were applied to further confirm the identity of the studied compounds. Excellent linearity was achieved over a range of 0.1-3.2 µg/mL for paracetamol, 0.4-6.4 µg/mL for caffeine, and 0.8-12.8 µg/mL for aspirin with a regression correlation coefficient (r2) ≥ 0.99996. The quantitation limits (LOQs) were 0.10 µg/mL, 0.38 µg/mL, and 0.66 µg/mL for paracetamol, caffeine, and aspirin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraam E Mikhail
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Mohamed Hemida
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Leo Lebanov
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Snezhana Astrakhantseva
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Vipul Gupta
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Philip Hortin
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 74, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - John S Parry
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 74, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Mirek Macka
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123 3058/10, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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4
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Vieira EMF, Silva JPB, Gwozdz K, Kaim A, Gomes NM, Chahboun A, Gomes MJM, Correia JH. Disentangling the Role of the SnO Layer on the Pyro-Phototronic Effect in ZnO-Based Self-Powered Photodetectors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300607. [PMID: 37086105 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered photodetectors (PDs) have been recognized as one of the developing trends of next-generation optoelectronic devices. Herein, it is shown that by introducing a thin layer of SnO film between the Si substrate and the ZnO film, the self-powered photodetector Al/Si/SnO/ZnO/ITO exhibits a stable and uniform violet sensing ability with high photoresponsivity and fast response. The SnO layer introduces a built-in electrostatic field to highly enhance the photocurrent by over 1000%. By analyzing energy diagrams of the p-n junction, the underlying physical mechanism of the self-powered violet PDs is carefully illustrated. A high photo-responsivity (R) of 93 mA W-1 accompanied by a detectivity (D*) of 3.1 × 1010 Jones are observed under self-driven conditions, when the device is exposed to 405 nm excitation laser wavelength, with a laser power density of 36 mW cm-2 and at a chopper frequency of 400 Hz. The Si/SnO/ZnO/ITO device shows an enhancement of 3067% in responsivity when compared to the Al/Si/ZnO/ITO. The photodetector holds an ultra-fast response of ≈ 2 µs, which is among the best self-powered photodetectors reported in the literature based on ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana M F Vieira
- CMEMS - UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurem, Guimarães, 4804-533, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José P B Silva
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Katarzyna Gwozdz
- Department of Quantum Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Adrian Kaim
- Department of Quantum Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Nuno M Gomes
- CMEMS - UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurem, Guimarães, 4804-533, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Adil Chahboun
- Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, FST Tanger, Laboratoire Couches Minces et Nanomatériaux (CMN), Tanger, 90000, Morocco
| | - Maria J M Gomes
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - José H Correia
- CMEMS - UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurem, Guimarães, 4804-533, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Wang W, Wang F, Cui H, Fan J. Quantitative acquisition of differential absorption cross sections of chlorobenzenes at different temperatures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122108. [PMID: 36423419 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlorobenzene is considered an essential organic synthesis intermediate and a precursor for the generation of persistent organic compounds in the waste disposal process, for which accurate detection of gaseous chlorobenzene can further help understand and control various chemical processes and effectively reduce pollution. Differential optical absorption spectroscopy is a reliable online method for detecting gaseous chlorobenzenes. It is crucial to investigate the effect of temperature on the optical absorption of the chlorobenzenes to quantify chlorobenzenes more precisely at various temperatures. A method to fix the effect of temperature variation on absorption spectra of chlorobenzene is initially proposed in this study, and it gave accurate concentrations. The proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of chlorobenzene concentration measurements with an inverse concentration deviation of 3.2 % or less. The differential absorption cross sections at various temperatures are studied to understand how chlorobenzene absorption cross sections vary with temperature. Such a study is also helpful in reducing the concentration inversion errors induced by the variation of absorption cross sections of chlorobenzene with temperature. A novel method of introducing the binary function of the differential absorption cross sections with respect to wavelength and temperature is also proposed. The fitting of the binary function is done by downscaling functions at fixed wavelength and fixed temperature,respectively. Both fitting approaches obtained continuous differential absorption cross sections in the 201-220 nm wavelength band and 288-473 K temperature range, along with less than 2.74 % deviation in the concentration inversion measurements. Finally,based on the temperature specificity of the shape of the differential absorption cross sections,we developed another method using differential absorption spectroscopy for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and concentration, with a temperature prediction error of less than 1.89 %. This method is favorable to the applications of differential absorption spectroscopy in simultaneous measurement of temperature and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Haibin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jinhui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou 310027, China
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6
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Epping R, Koch M. On-Site Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Molecules 2023; 28:1598. [PMID: 36838585 PMCID: PMC9966347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of interest in many different fields. Among them are food and fragrance analysis, environmental and atmospheric research, industrial applications, security or medical and life science. In the past, the characterization of these compounds was mostly performed via sample collection and off-site analysis with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as the gold standard. While powerful, this method also has several drawbacks such as being slow, expensive, and demanding on the user. For decades, intense research has been dedicated to find methods for fast VOC analysis on-site with time and spatial resolution. We present the working principles of the most important, utilized, and researched technologies for this purpose and highlight important publications from the last five years. In this overview, non-selective gas sensors, electronic noses, spectroscopic methods, miniaturized gas chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry and direct injection mass spectrometry are covered. The advantages and limitations of the different methods are compared. Finally, we give our outlook into the future progression of this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Epping
- Division of Organic Trace and Food Analysis, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Koch
- Division of Organic Trace and Food Analysis, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Biochemical analysis based on optical detection integrated microfluidic chip. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Chen SJ, Tseng CC, Huang KH, Chang YC, Fu LM. Microfluidic Sliding Paper-Based Device for Point-of-Care Determination of Albumin-to-Creatine Ratio in Human Urine. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070496. [PMID: 35884299 PMCID: PMC9313340 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel assay platform consisting of a microfluidic sliding double-track paper-based chip and a hand-held Raspberry Pi detection system is proposed for determining the albumin-to-creatine ratio (ACR) in human urine. It is a clinically important parameter and can be used for the early detection of related diseases, such as renal insufficiency. In the proposed method, the sliding layer of the microchip is applied and the sample diffuses through two parallel filtration channels to the reaction/detection areas of the microchip to complete the detection reaction, which is a simple method well suited for self-diagnosis of ACR index in human urine. The RGB (red, green, and blue) value intensity signals of the reaction complexes in these two reaction zones are analyzed by a Raspberry Pi computer to derive the ACR value (ALB and CRE concentrations). It is shown that the G + B value intensity signal is linearly related to the ALB and CRE concentrations with the correlation coefficients of R2 = 0.9919 and R2 = 0.9923, respectively. It is additionally shown that the ALB and CRE concentration results determined using the proposed method for 23 urine samples were collected from real suffering chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are in fine agreement with those acquired operating a traditional high-reliability macroscale method. Overall, for point-of-care (POC) CKD diagnosis and monitoring in clinical applications, the results prove that the proposed method offers a convenient, real time, reliable, and low-spending solution for POC CKD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Jui Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-H.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Chin-Chung Tseng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin 640, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-H.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yu-Chi Chang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-H.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Lung-Ming Fu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-H.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-275-7575 (ext. 63321)
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Barreto D, Silva WR, Mizaikoff B, da Silveira Petruci JF. Monitoring Ozone Using Portable Substrate-Integrated Hollow Waveguide-Based Absorbance Sensors in the Ultraviolet Range. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:39-45. [PMID: 36785589 PMCID: PMC9838723 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is an oxidizing molecule used for disinfecting a wide variety of environments, such as in dental clinics, and has most recently been promoted as a sanitizing agent to prevent coronavirus transmission. The easy access to ozone-generating sources also enables their ubiquitous use. However, exposure to ozone may seriously affect human health by amplifying or inducing respiratory diseases and distress syndromes and has been associated with premature deaths from other diseases. In this scenario, miniaturized, low-cost, and portable optical sensors based on the absorption signature of ozone in the ultraviolet (UV) range of the electromagnetic spectrum are an innovative approach for providing real-time monitoring of gaseous ozone, ensuring the safety of indoor and workplace environments. In this paper, a miniaturized ozone sensor based on the absorption signature of ozone at deep-UV frequencies was developed by integration of so-called substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (iHWG) with a miniaturized ultraviolet lamp and a fiber-optic USB-connected spectrophotometer. The innovative concept of iHWGs facilitates unprecedented compact dimensions with a high degree of flexibility in the optical design of the actual photon absorption path. The proposed device rapidly responded to the presence of ozone (<1 min) and revealed a suitable linearity (r 2 > 0.99) in the evaluated concentration range. The limit of detection was determined at 29.4 ppbv, which renders the device suitable for measurements in the threshold range of the main regulatory agencies. Given the adaptability and modularity of this platform, we anticipate the application of this innovative concept to be equally suitable for the in situ and real-time analysis of other relevant gases providing suitable UV absorption signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra
Nunes Barreto
- Institute
of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia
(UFU), Uberlândia, MG 38408-902, Brazil
| | - Weida Rodrigues Silva
- Institute
of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia
(UFU), Uberlândia, MG 38408-902, Brazil
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard
Institute for Microanalysis Systems, Ulm 89077, Germany
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10
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Petruci JFS, Barreto DN, Dias MA, Felix EP, Cardoso AA. Analytical methods applied for ozone gas detection: a review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Barreto D, Kokoric V, da Silveira Petruci JF, Mizaikoff B. From Light Pipes to Substrate-Integrated Hollow Waveguides for Gas Sensing: A Review. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2021; 1:97-109. [PMID: 36785552 PMCID: PMC9836072 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Absorption-based spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range (i.e., 2.5-25 μm) is an excellent choice for directly sensing trace gas analytes providing discriminatory molecular information due to inherently specific fundamental vibrational, rovibrational, and rotational transitions. Complimentarily, the miniaturization of optical components has aided the utility of optical sensing techniques in a wide variety of application scenarios that demand compact, portable, easy-to-use, and robust analytical platforms yet providing suitable accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity. While MIR sensing technologies have clearly benefitted from the development of advanced on-chip light sources such as quantum cascade and interband cascade lasers and equally small MIR detectors, less attention has been paid to the development of modular/tailored waveguide technologies reproducibly and reliably interfacing photons with sample molecules in a compact format. In this context, the first generation of a new type of hollow waveguides gas cells-the so-called substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (iHWG)-with unprecedented compact dimensions published by the research team of Mizaikoff and collaborators has led to a paradigm change in optical transducer technology for gas sensors. Features of iHWGs included an adaptable (i.e., designable) well-defined optical path length via the integration of meandered hollow waveguide structures at virtually any desired dimension and geometry into an otherwise planar substrate, a high degree of robustness, compactness, and cost-effectiveness in fabrication. Moreover, only a few hundred microliters of gas samples are required for analysis, resulting in short sample transient times facilitating a real-time monitoring of gaseous species in virtually any concentration range. In this review, we give an overview of recent advancements and achievements since their introduction eight years ago, focusing on the development of iHWG-based mid-infrared sensor technologies. Highlighted applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental and industrial monitoring scenarios will be contrasted by future trends, challenges, and opportunities for the development of next-generation portable optical gas-sensing platforms that take advantage of a modular and tailorable device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra
Nunes Barreto
- Institute
of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Vjekoslav Kokoric
- Institute
for Microanalysis Systems, Hahn-Schickard, Ulm 89077, Germany
| | | | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute
for Microanalysis Systems, Hahn-Schickard, Ulm 89077, Germany
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
- e-mail:
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12
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Wang J, Xu W, Wang Y, Hua J. Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based fluorescent probe for endogenous bisulfite detection and bisulfite triggered phototoxicity specific in liver cancer cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 262:120098. [PMID: 34252742 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the main existing form of SO2 derivatives, bisulfite showed closely relationship to many diseases. In this work, a new fluorescent probe (SDPP-DM) based on thienyl-substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (SDPP) was designed and synthesized for the detection of endogenous bisulfite. The probe displayed obvious color changes from green to pink towards bisulfite due to the reduced conjugated length caused by the addition to the α,β-unsaturated double bond of its structure, and the change of the fluorescence intensity of SDPP-DM (I/I0) was about 16 folds. In addition, SDPP-DM was prepared a test strip for bisulfite identified by naked eye through color and fluorescence changes. Besides, SDPP-DM was successfully applied to imaging and discriminating different endogenous bisulfite levels in normal and cancer cells of liver. More importantly, the ROS generation and cell viability tests showed the phototoxicity of SDPP-DM triggered by bisulfite, indicating the specific phototoxicity of SDPP-DM towards liver cancer cells than normal liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China; Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weibo Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Jianli Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237 Shanghai, PR China.
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13
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Guo C, Lv L, Liu Y, Ji M, Zang E, Liu Q, Zhang M, Li M. Applied Analytical Methods for Detecting Heavy Metals in Medicinal Plants. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:339-359. [PMID: 34328385 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1953371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years, medicinal plants (MPs) have been one of the main sources of drugs worldwide. However, recently, heavy metal pollution has seriously affected the quality and safety of MPs. Consuming MPs polluted by heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, and Cu significantly threaten the health of consumers. To manage this situation, the levels of heavy metals in MPs must be controlled. In recent years, this field has attracted significant attention, but few researchers have systematically summarized various analytical methods. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate methods that can accurately and effectively detect the amount of heavy metals in MPs. Herein, some important analytical methods used to detect heavy metals in MPs and their applications have been introduced and summarized in detail. These include atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, and anodic stripping voltammetry. The characteristics of these methods were subsequently compared and analyzed. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and disposable electrochemical sensors have also been used for heavy metal detection in MPs. To elucidate the systematic and comprehensive information, these methods have also been briefly introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lijuan Lv
- Department of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Mingyue Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Erhuan Zang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Minhui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of the Planting and Development of Astragalus Membranaceus of the Geoherbs, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
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Trends in the Design of Intensity-Based Optical Fiber Biosensors (2010-2020). BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11060197. [PMID: 34203715 PMCID: PMC8232210 DOI: 10.3390/bios11060197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There exists an increasing interest in monitoring low concentrations of biochemical species, as they allow the early-stage detection of illnesses or the monitoring of the environment quality. Thus, both companies and research groups are focused on the development of accurate, fast and highly sensitive biosensors. Optical fiber sensors have been widely employed for these purposes because they provide several advantages for their use in point-of-care and real-time applications. In particular, this review is focused on optical fiber biosensors based on luminescence and absorption. Apart from the key parameters that determine the performance of a sensor (limit of detection, sensibility, cross-sensibility, etc.), other features are analyzed, such as the optical fiber dimensions, the sensing set ups and the fiber functionalization. The aim of this review is to have a comprehensive insight of the different aspects that must be taken into account when working with this kind of sensors.
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15
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Robust Inferential Techniques Applied to the Analysis of the Tropospheric Ozone Concentration in an Urban Area. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21010277. [PMID: 33401639 PMCID: PMC7795081 DOI: 10.3390/s21010277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper analyzes 12 years of tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration measurements using robust techniques. The measurements were taken at an air quality monitoring station called Belisario, which is in Quito, Ecuador; the data collection time period was 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2019, and the measurements were carried out using photometric O3 analyzers. Here, the measurement results were used to build variables that represented hours, days, months, and years, and were then classified and categorized. The index of air quality (IAQ) of the city was used to make the classifications, and robust and nonrobust confidence intervals were used to make the categorizations. Furthermore, robust analysis methods were compared with classical methods, nonparametric methods, and bootstrap-based methods. The results showed that the analysis using robust methods is better than the analysis using nonrobust methods, which are not immune to the influence of extreme observations. Using all of the aforementioned methods, confidence intervals were used to both establish and quantify differences between categories of the groups of variables under study. In addition, the central tendency and variability of the O3 concentration at Belisario station were exhaustively analyzed, concluding that said concentration was stable for years, highly variable for months and hours, and slightly changing between the days of the week. Additionally, according to the criteria established by the IAQ, it was shown that in Quito, the O3 concentration levels during the study period were not harmful to human health.
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Cai Y, Shen S, Zhu C, Zhao X, Bai J, Wang T. Nonpolar (112̅0) GaN Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetectors with Superior Performance on Silicon. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:25031-25036. [PMID: 32374591 PMCID: PMC7304820 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a nonpolar GaN metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector (PD) with an ultrahigh responsivity and an ultrafast response speed in the ultraviolet spectral region, which was fabricated on nonpolar (112̅0) GaN stripe arrays with a major improvement in crystal quality grown on patterned (110) silicon substrates by means of using our two-step processes. Our nonpolar GaN MSM-PD exhibits a responsivity of 695.3 A/W at 1 V bias and 12628.3 A/W at 5 V bias, both under 360 nm ultraviolet illumination, which are more than 20 times higher and 4 orders of magnitude higher compared to the current state-of-the-art photodetector, respectively. The nonpolar GaN MSM-PD displays a rise time and a fall time of 66 and 43 μs, respectively, which are 3 orders of magnitude faster compared to the current state-of-the-art photodetector.
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