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Ogawa S, Namino F, Mori T, Sato G, Yamakawa T, Saito S. AI diagnosis of heart sounds differentiated with super StethoScope. J Cardiol 2024; 83:265-271. [PMID: 37734656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In the aging global society, heart failure and valvular heart diseases, including aortic stenosis, are affecting millions of people and healthcare systems worldwide. Although the number of effective treatment options has increased in recent years, the lack of effective screening methods is provoking continued high mortality and rehospitalization rates. Appropriately, auscultation has been the primary option for screening such patients, however, challenges arise due to the variability in auscultation skills, the objectivity of the clinical method, and the presence of sounds inaudible to the human ear. To address challenges associated with the current approach towards auscultation, the hardware of Super StethoScope was developed. This paper is composed of (1) a background literature review of bioacoustic research regarding heart disease detection, (2) an introduction of our approach to heart sound research and development of Super StethoScope, (3) a discussion of the application of remote auscultation to telemedicine, and (4) results of a market needs survey on traditional and remote auscultation. Heart sounds and murmurs, if collected properly, have been shown to closely represent heart disease characteristics. Correspondingly, the main characteristics of Super StethoScope include: (1) simultaneous collection of electrocardiographic and heart sound for the detection of heart rate variability, (2) optimized signal-to-noise ratio in the audible frequency bands, and (3) acquisition of heart sounds including the inaudible frequency ranges. Due to the ability to visualize the data, the device is able to provide quantitative results without disturbance by sound quality alterations during remote auscultations. An online survey of 3648 doctors confirmed that auscultation is the common examination method used in today's clinical practice and revealed that artificial intelligence-based heart sound analysis systems are expected to be integrated into clinicians' practices. Super StethoScope would open new horizons for heart sound research and telemedicine.
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Zauli M, Peppi LM, Di Bonaventura L, Arcobelli VA, Spadotto A, Diemberger I, Coppola V, Mellone S, De Marchi L. Exploring Microphone Technologies for Digital Auscultation Devices. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2092. [PMID: 38004949 PMCID: PMC10673215 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to present a preliminary study for the design of a digital auscultation system, i.e., a novel wearable device for patient chest auscultation and a digital stethoscope. The development and testing of the electronic stethoscope prototype is reported with an emphasis on the description and selection of sound transduction systems and analog electronic processing. The focus on various microphone technologies, such as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMSs), electret condensers, and piezoelectronic diaphragms, intends to emphasize the most suitable transducer for auscultation. In addition, we report on the design and development of a digital acquisition system for the human body for sound recording by using a modular device approach in order to fit the chosen analog and digital mics. Tests were performed on a designed phantom setup, and a qualitative comparison between the sounds recorded with the newly developed acquisition device and those recorded with two commercial digital stethoscopes is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zauli
- ARCES—Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems for Information and Communication Technologies “Ercole De Castro”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.M.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Mistral Peppi
- ARCES—Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems for Information and Communication Technologies “Ercole De Castro”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.M.P.); (V.C.)
| | | | - Valerio Antonio Arcobelli
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Alberto Spadotto
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (I.D.)
- UOC di Cardiologia, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (I.D.)
- UOC di Cardiologia, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Coppola
- ARCES—Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems for Information and Communication Technologies “Ercole De Castro”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.M.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Sabato Mellone
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Luca De Marchi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.A.A.); (S.M.)
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Khalilian MR, Safari M, Hajipour M, Rahmani K, Safari M, Ahmadpour MH, Tahouri T. Evaluation of the heart sounds in children using a Doppler Phonolyser. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:24. [PMID: 36899353 PMCID: PMC9999563 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart auscultation is an easy and inexpensive tool for early diagnosis of congenital heart defects. In this regard, a simple device which can be used easily by physicians for heart murmur detection will be very useful. The current study was conducted to evaluate the validity of a Doppler-based device named "Doppler Phonolyser" for the diagnosis of structural heart diseases in pediatric patients. In this cross-sectional study, 1272 patients under 16 years who were referred between April 2021 and February 2022, to a pediatric cardiology clinic in Mofid Children Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were enrolled. All the patients were examined by a single experienced pediatric cardiologist using a conventional stethoscope at the first step and a Doppler Phonolyser device at the second step. Afterward, the patient underwent trans-thoracic echocardiography, and the echocardiogram results were compared with the conventional stethoscope as well as the Doppler Phonolyser findings. RESULTS Sensitivity of the Doppler Phonolyser for detecting congenital heart defects was 90.5%. The specificity of the Doppler Phonolyser in detecting heart disease was 68.9% in compared with the specificity of the conventional stethoscope, which was 94.8%. Among the most common congenital heart defects in our study population, the sensitivity of the Doppler Phonolyser was 100% for detection of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF); In contrast, sensitivity of both the conventional stethoscope and the Doppler Phonolyser was relatively low for detecting atrial septal defect. CONCLUSIONS Doppler Phonolyser could be useful as a diagnostic tool for the detection of congenital heart defects. The main advantages of the Doppler Phonolyser over the conventional stethoscope are no need for operator experience, the ability to distinguish innocent murmurs from the pathologic ones and no effect of environmental sounds on the performance of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khalilian
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Modarres Educational Hospital, Intersection of Saadat Abad and Yadegar Imam Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Safari
- Department of Pediatrics, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hajipour
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Rahmani
- Head of Rheumatology Department Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Safari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ahmadpour
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Branch of Varamin and Pishva, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tahouri
- Pediatric Cardiology, Shahid Modarres Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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Anton O, Dore H, Rendon-Morales E, Aviles-Espinosa R, Seddon P, Wertheim D, Fernandez R, Rabe H. Non-invasive sensor methods used in monitoring newborn babies after birth, a clinical perspective. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2022; 8:9. [DOI: 10.1186/s40748-022-00144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Reducing the global new-born mortality is a paramount challenge for humanity. There are approximately 786,323 live births in the UK each year according to the office for National Statistics; around 10% of these newborn infants require assistance during this transition after birth. Each year around, globally around 2.5 million newborns die within their first month. The main causes are complications due to prematurity and during delivery. To act in a timely manner and prevent further damage, health professionals should rely on accurate monitoring of the main vital signs heart rate and respiratory rate.
Aims
To present a clinical perspective on innovative, non-invasive methods to monitor heart rate and respiratory rate in babies highlighting their advantages and limitations in comparison with well-established methods.
Methods
Using the data collected in our recently published systematic review we highlight the barriers and facilitators for the novel sensor devices in obtaining reliable heart rate measurements. Details about difficulties related to the application of sensors and interfaces, time to display, and user feedback are explored. We also provide a unique overview of using a non-invasive respiratory rate monitoring method by extracting RR from the pulse oximetry trace of newborn babies.
Results
Novel sensors to monitor heart rate offer the advantages of minimally obtrusive technologies but have limitations due to movement artefact, bad sensor coupling, intermittent measurement, and poor-quality recordings compared to gold standard well established methods. Respiratory rate can be derived accurately from pleth recordings in infants.
Conclusion
Some limitations have been identified in current methods to monitor heart rate and respiratory rate in newborn babies. Novel minimally invasive sensors have advantages that may help clinical practice. Further research studies are needed to assess whether they are sufficiently accurate, practical, and reliable to be suitable for clinical use.
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