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Wang C, Ma J, Bai X, Chen J. Defect detection and imaging using electromagnetic acoustic transducer with butterfly coil. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:064704. [PMID: 38832852 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology utilizes the electromagnetic coupling method to generate and receive ultrasonic waves without a couplant, which is suitable for rapid detection. However, the detection can be affected by the spatial distribution of the acoustic field and the polarization direction of the shear wave, which can result in suboptimal detection performance. The acoustic field directivity of the shear wave generated by the butterfly coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer was measured using the transmission method. The data indicate that the acoustic pressure amplitude of the shear wave is maximized along the axis of the acoustic field, thereby meeting the requirements of synthetic aperture focusing technique imaging. We used the reflection method to detect the through-hole defects and investigated the effect of shear wave polarization direction. By comparing the experimental data and imaging results, it can be concluded that higher echo amplitudes are obtained when the polarization direction of the shear wave is perpendicular to the axis of the through-hole defects. Based on the explosive reflection model, the frequency domain phase shift migration (PSM) method converts the time-domain signal to the frequency domain for processing and uses a phase-shift factor for layer-by-layer imaging. We used the PSM method to process the experimental data, which not only produced high-resolution images but also had a high computational speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Laser Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 250104 Jinan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Laser Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 250104 Jinan, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Laser Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 250104 Jinan, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Laser Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 250104 Jinan, China
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Huang J, Chen P, Li R, Fu K, Wang Y, Duan J, Li Z. Systematic Evaluation of Ultrasonic In-Line Inspection Techniques for Oil and Gas Pipeline Defects Based on Bibliometric Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2699. [PMID: 38732805 PMCID: PMC11085684 DOI: 10.3390/s24092699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The global reliance on oil and gas pipelines for energy transportation is increasing. As the pioneering review in the field of ultrasonic defect detection for oil and gas pipelines based on bibliometric methods, this study employs visual analysis to identify the most influential countries, academic institutions, and journals in this domain. Through cluster analysis, it determines the primary trends, research hotspots, and future directions in this critical field. Starting from the current global industrial ultrasonic in-line inspection (ILI) detection level, this paper provides a flowchart for selecting detection methods and a table for defect comparison, detailing the comparative performance limits of different detection devices. It offers a comprehensive perspective on the latest ultrasonic pipeline detection technology from laboratory experiments to industrial practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- College of Mechanical and Storage and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;
- General Research Institute, China Oil & Gas Pipeline Network Corporation, Langfang 065000, China; (P.C.); (R.L.); (K.F.); (Y.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Pengchao Chen
- General Research Institute, China Oil & Gas Pipeline Network Corporation, Langfang 065000, China; (P.C.); (R.L.); (K.F.); (Y.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Rui Li
- General Research Institute, China Oil & Gas Pipeline Network Corporation, Langfang 065000, China; (P.C.); (R.L.); (K.F.); (Y.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Kuan Fu
- General Research Institute, China Oil & Gas Pipeline Network Corporation, Langfang 065000, China; (P.C.); (R.L.); (K.F.); (Y.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- General Research Institute, China Oil & Gas Pipeline Network Corporation, Langfang 065000, China; (P.C.); (R.L.); (K.F.); (Y.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Jinyao Duan
- General Research Institute, China Oil & Gas Pipeline Network Corporation, Langfang 065000, China; (P.C.); (R.L.); (K.F.); (Y.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Zhenlin Li
- College of Mechanical and Storage and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;
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Du L, Gao R, Jia X. Antisymmetric Lamb Wave Simulation Study Based on Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer with Periodic Permanent Magnets. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7117. [PMID: 37631653 PMCID: PMC10459428 DOI: 10.3390/s23167117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to its multi-mode and dispersion characteristics, Lamb waves cause interference to signal processing, which profoundly limits their application in nondestructive testing. To resolve this issue, firstly, based on the traditional EMAT, a horizontal polarization periodic permanent magnet electromagnetic acoustic transducer (HP-PPM-EMAT) was proposed. A 2-D finite element model was then developed to compare magnetic flux density, Lorentz force, and signal strength between the traditional EMAT and the HP-PPM-EMAT. The simulation results show that the HP-PPM-EMAT enhances the A0 mode Lamb wave (A0 wave) and suppresses the S0 mode Lamb wave (S0 wave). Finally, the influence of structural parameters of the HP-PPM-EMAT on the total displacement amplitude ratio of A0 and S0 was investigated using orthogonal test theory, and the width of magnet units was improved based on the orthogonal test. The results show that the total displacement amplitude ratio of A0 to S0 of the improved HP-PPM-EMAT can be improved by a factor of 7.74 compared with that of the traditional Lamb wave EMAT, which can produce higher-purity A0 mode Lamb waves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaojuan Jia
- College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (L.D.); (R.G.)
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Guo W, Yu Z, Chui HC, Chen X. Development of DMPS-EMAT for Long-Distance Monitoring of Broken Rail. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5583. [PMID: 37420749 DOI: 10.3390/s23125583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The safety of railway transportation is crucial to social and economic development. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the rail is particularly necessary. The current track circuit structure is complex and costly, posing challenges to monitoring broken tracks using alternative methods. As a non-contact detection technology with a lower environmental impact, electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers (EMATs) have become a concern. However, traditional EMATs have problems such as low conversion efficiency and complex modes, which can limit their effectiveness for long-distance monitoring. Therefore, this study introduces a novel dual-magnet phase-stacked EMAT (DMPS-EMAT) design comprising two magnets and a dual-layer winding coil arrangement. The magnets are positioned at a distance equal to the wavelength of the A0 wave from each other, while the center distance between the two sets of coils beneath the transducer is also equal to the wavelength. After analyzing the dispersion curves of the rail waist, it was determined that the optimal frequency for long-distance rail monitoring is 35 kHz. At this frequency, adjusting the relative positions of the two magnets and the coil directly underneath to be one A0 wavelength can effectively excite a constructive interference A0 wave in the rail waist. The simulation and experimental results show that DMPS-EMAT excited a single-mode A0 wave, resulting in a 1.35-times increase in amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Guo
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- Signal & Communication Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hsiang-Chen Chui
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
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Yuan H, Li Q, Peng R, Wang C, Xu P, Pan X, Xu M. Nonsingular Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Resonant Frequency Tracking of Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) Based on Fixed-Time Strategy. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2005. [PMID: 36422433 PMCID: PMC9692298 DOI: 10.3390/mi13112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Resonant frequency tracking control of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) remains a challenge in terms of drifting working frequency and reduced conversion efficiency caused by working environment changes. This paper presents a fixed-time nonsingular integral terminal sliding mode (FT-NITSM) control strategy for resonant frequency tracking of EMATs to realize precise and high robustness resonant frequency tracking performance. Specifically, a FT-NITSM control method with fast convergence feature is developed and a resonant frequency tracking controller for EMATs is further designed to improve the convergence speed and tracking accuracy. Fixed time stability of the proposed frequency tracking control system is proved through Lyapunov function analysis. Moreover, numerical simulations demonstrate that the FT-NITSM control strategy can ensure precise tracking of the system's operating frequency to its natural resonant frequency in less than 3 s with a tracking error of less than 0.01 × 104 Hz. With the maximum overshoot variation between -20 and 20 and error range in -5 and 5° at the steady state, the FT-NITSM control strategy can ensure the control system impedance angle θ being consistent and eventually bounded. This study provides a toolbox for the resonant frequency tracking control and performance improvement of EMATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Yuan
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Ran Peng
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xinxiang Pan
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Minyi Xu
- Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered System, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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