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Lu X, Lu P, Wei Y, Zhu C, Su H, Qiu X, Feng S, Qiu P, Shi X, Chen L, Xu F. Micromechanism for Copper-Deficiency Enhanced Stability: A Quasi In Situ TEM Study of Electric-Induced Structural Evolution in Cu 2-x(S, Se) Liquid-Like Thermoelectric Materials. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2853-2860. [PMID: 38407019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Cu-based liquid-like thermoelectric materials have garnered tremendous attention due to their inherent ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. However, their practical application is hampered by stability issues under a large current or temperature gradient. It has been reported that introduction of copper vacancies can enhance the chemical stability, whereas the micromechanism behind this macroscopic improvement still remains unknown. Here, we have established a quasi in situ TEM method to examine and compare the structural evolution of Cu2-xS0.2Se0.8 (x = 0, 0.05) under external electric fields. It is then found that the preset Cu vacancies could favor the electric-induced formation of a more stable intermediate phase, i.e., the hexagonal CuSe-type structure in the form of either lamellar defects (majorly) or long-range order (minorly), in which ordering of S and Se also occurred. Thereby, copper and chalcogen atoms could largely be solidified into the matrix, and the elemental deposition and evaporation process is mitigated under an electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yuyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hong Su
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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