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Patathananone S, Pothiwan M, Uapipatanakul B, Kunu W. Inhibitory Effects of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extracts on Free Radical Scavenging, Tyrosinase, and Amylase Activities. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:302-311. [PMID: 37842258 PMCID: PMC10567596 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.3.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity and instability are the limitations when using bioactive compounds in cosmetic and pharmacology products. This study assesses Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts for their antityrosinase, antiamylase, and antioxidant activities. Group A extracts were obtained using an aqueous solvent system [70% (v/v) of methanol (BTL70ME), ethanol (BTL70ET), and acetone (BTL70AC)]. Group B extracts were obtained using organic solvents of varying polarities. The results displayed that all extracts exhibited antityrosinase, antiamylase, and antioxidant activities in vitro. The most potent antityrosinase activity was observed in BTL70AC, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 20 μg/mL. BTL_Ethyl acetate and BTL70AC showed potential antiamylase activity. BTL_Isopropanol and BTL_Ethanol exhibited potential antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 4.0 μg/mL. The total phenolic content of BTL70ME, BTL70ET, and BTL70AC was 72.29±14.14, 65.98±11.91, and 69.37±7.72 mg gallic acid/g extract, respectively. The total flavonoid content was 53.04±5.22, 44.35±13.17, and 61.74±13.17 mg quercetin/g extract, respectively. Group A extracts contained polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, and cardiac glycosides. These biological properties can potentially be attributed to the types and quantities of phytochemicals present. Bioactive compounds in the extracts may exert synergistic effects in vitro by interfering with the conformational changes of tyrosinase during substrate binding. Both groups of extracts have the potential to suppress biomolecule degradation, promote antiaging and antimelasma effects, and their phytochemicals can help lower blood glucose levels in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Patathananone
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 220, Thailand
| | - Mahinthorn Pothiwan
- Programme of Agricultural Business, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Boontida Uapipatanakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 220, Thailand
| | - Wuttisak Kunu
- Programme of Veterinary Technology and Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Vernonia amygdalina (Astereaceae) Extract on CCl 4-Induced Liver Injury in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123371. [PMID: 34944148 PMCID: PMC8698013 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry feed, many studies have focused on the use of plants in poultry feed as an alternative to this ban. Currently, many plants are used to improve the growth performance and health status of poultry. Few studies are conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of these plants in poultry. The current study showed that Vernonia amygdalina extract confers a hepatoprotective effect on poultry. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract (VALE) on the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity (CCl4) in broiler chickens. A total of 360-day-old broilers were divided into 4 treatments of 90 birds each consisting of 6 replicates of 15 birds each. The treatments were birds offered 1 mL/kg BW saline (control group), 100 mg/kg BW VALE, 1 mL/kg BW CCl4 (CCl4-treated group), and 100 mg/kg BW VALE + 1 mL/kg BW CCl4 (VALE + CCl4 group). Blood samples were collected at 42 days of age and analyzed for the liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and selected biochemical parameters. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. The results obtained showed that VALE had the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of CCl4 on protein and lipid metabolism as reflected in the low serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which is a marker of lipid peroxidation. The aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight showed a moderate hepatoprotective effect by reducing serum AST levels (p < 0.05). The levels of serum AST, ALP, ALT, and GGT were significantly increased in CCl4-treated birds compared to the control group, reflecting carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. The VALE + CCl4 group showed a significantly higher amount of ALP compared to birds treated with carbon tetrachloride, suggesting a hepatoprotective effect. To conclude, Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract can be used to confer protection against hepatotoxicity, which can induce severe hepatocellular damage in birds.
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Siew YY, Yew HC, Neo SY, Seow SV, Lew SM, Lim SW, Lim CSES, Ng YC, Seetoh WG, Ali A, Tan CH, Koh HL. Evaluation of anti-proliferative activity of medicinal plants used in Asian Traditional Medicine to treat cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:75-87. [PMID: 30599223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The extensive biodiversity of plants in Southeast Asia and inadequate research hitherto warrant a continued investigation into medicinal plants. On the basis of a careful review of fresh medicinal plant usage to treat cancer from previous ethnobotanical interviews in Singapore and from the traditional uses of the indigenous plants, fresh leaves of seven locally grown medicinal plant species were evaluated for anti-proliferative activity. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of local medicinal plant species Clausena lansium Skeels, Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau, Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr., Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC., Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Blume, Vernonia amygdalina Delile and Vitex trifolia L. MATERIALS AND METHOD Fresh, healthy and mature leaves of the seven medicinal plants were harvested from various locations in Singapore and Malaysia for Soxhlet, ultrasonication and maceration extractions in three different solvents (water, ethanol and methanol). Cell proliferation assay using water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay was performed on twelve human cancer cell lines derived from breast (MDA-MB-231, T47D), cervical (C33A), colon (HCT116), leukemia (U937), liver (HepG2, SNU-182, SNU-449), ovarian (OVCAR-5, PA-1, SK-OV-3) and uterine (MES-SA/DX5) cancer. RESULTS A total of 37 fresh leaf extracts from seven medicinal plants were evaluated for their anti-tumour activities in twelve human cancer cell lines. Of these, the extracts of C. lansium, L. indica, P. bleo, S. crispus, V. amygdalina and V. trifolia exhibited promising anti-proliferative activity against multiple cancer cell lines. Further investigation of selected promising leaf extracts indicated that maceration methanolic extract of L. indica was most effective overall against majority of the cancer cell lines, with best IC50 values of 31.5 ± 11.4 µg/mL, 37.5 ± 0.7 µg/mL and 43.0 ± 6.2 µg/mL in cervical C33A, liver SNU-449, and ovarian PA-1 cancer cell lines, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide new scientific evidence for the traditional use of local medicinal plant species C. lansium, L . indica, P. bleo, S. crispus, V. amygdalina and V. trifolia in cancer treatment. These results highlight the importance of the upkeep of these indigenous plants in modern society and their relevance as resources for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yin Siew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Hui-Chuing Yew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Soek-Ying Neo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - See-Voon Seow
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Affiliated National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Si-Min Lew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Shun-Wei Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Claire Sophie En-Shen Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Yi-Cheng Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Wei-Guang Seetoh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Azhar Ali
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Chay-Hoon Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 16 Medical Drive, Block MD3, #04-01S, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Hwee-Ling Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Imafidon CE, Olukiran OS, Ogundipe DJ, Eluwole AO, Adekunle IA, Oke GO. Acetonic extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) attenuates Cd-induced liver injury: Potential application in adjuvant heavy metal therapy. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:324-332. [PMID: 29854601 PMCID: PMC5977375 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd), even at low doses, is of serious health concern because it does not undergo metabolic degradation to less toxic metabolite. Liver injury/disease, with a world-wide increasing incidence, is one of the consequences of exposure to Cd toxicity. This study aimed at determining the effects of acetonic extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (AEVAL) in a Wistar rat model of Cd-induced liver injury. Phytochemical screening of the extract was carried out and its oral LD50 was determined to guide the choice of therapeutic doses. Thereafter, thirty male Wistar rats were recruited for this study. The experimental groups received 4 weeks oral graded doses of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) following Cd-induced liver injury. Cd-induced liver injury (5 mg/kg i.p for 5 consecutive days) was characterized by deleterious alterations in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and hepatic total protein (p ˂ 0.05). Also, deleterious alteration of oxidative stress indicators (GSH, SOD and CAT) and lipid peroxidation index (TBARS) was observed in the liver homogenates. Histopathological examination showed evidence of degenerated hepatocytes as well as inflammation with disseminated steatosis. These conditions were significantly attenuated (p ˂ 0.05) following treatment with graded doses of the extract, with the highest dose expressing least therapeutic effects. This study concluded that AEVAL attenuated Cd-induced liver injury and is, potentially, a suitable option in adjuvant therapy for heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Eseigbe Imafidon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olaoluwa Sesan Olukiran
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Dare Joshua Ogundipe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Alaba Omotayo Eluwole
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Isiaka Ayofe Adekunle
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Gracious Oluwamayowa Oke
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Hussien NI, El-kerdasy HI, Ibrahim MET. Protective effect of rimonabant, a canabinoid receptor 1 antagonist, on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a rat model through modulation of the hepatic expression of activin A and follistatin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1433-1441. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver morbidity and mortality, and there is still no proven effective therapy. The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in various liver diseases. Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily and inhibits hepatocyte growth. Follistatin antagonizes the biological actions of activin A. This study was designed to investigate the effect of rimonabant (a potent cannabinoid receptor1 (CB1) antagonist) on NAFLD induced with a choline-deficient (CD) diet in rats, as well as to detect whether it can alter the hepatic expression of activin A and follistatin. Forty rats were distributed among 4 groups: the control group, the rimonabant treatment group (normal rats that received rimonabant); the CD diet group (NAFLD induced with a CD diet); and the CD diet + rimonabant group (NAFLD treated with rimonabant). It was found that the CD diet caused significant increase in liver index, serum levels of liver enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), TGF-β1, activin A, and CB1 expression in liver tissue, with a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and follistatin mRNA expression in liver tissues. The administration of rimonabant significantly improved all of the studied parameters compared with the group fed the CD diet alone. Histopathological examination supported these results. We concluded that rimonabant significantly counteracted NAFLD induced with the CD diet by decreasing oxidative stress and hepatic expression of TGF-β1, and modulating the hepatic expression of activin A and follistatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha I. Hussien
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
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