Can Higher Education, Economic Growth and Innovation Ability Improve Each Other?

Education cost as a new fickle in higher education for students learning via quantitively multinomial logistic regression

The study was conducted to find out the effects of tuition fee on quality of education for students in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Pakistan to fulfill their future goals. The study used a multinomial logistic regression method for knowing the factors that either make it difficult or easy to pay academic fees. The primary data was gathered using an online survey made with a Google form and sent by email and WhatsApp to students in different departments. A certain amount of time was dedicated to the data collection process. Due to a research deficit on tuition fees for university students in Pakistan, this study was deemed necessary. It entails an examination of the elements that impact graduate quality, taking into account academic achievement, educational expectations, and tuition price donors. The study employed a multinomial logistic regression approach to identify the variables that either facilitate or impede the payment of academic fees. One thousand pupils responded in the positive. The results showed that expensive college tuition causes students to perform poorly academically, lack confidence, have poorly groomed personalities, and have fewer career options. On the other hand, students from well-off households and those who worked part-time performed better. Furthermore, the learning behavior and attitude of students who received scholarships and worked as teaching assistants improved because they were more punctual and attentive in class. By bringing attention to the need for lawmakers and government agencies to take significant steps toward improving student outcomes in higher education-like subsidizing tuition costs, supplying educational resources, and giving out scholarships and studentships-this study helps students. It also fills a research gap in the field of tuition fees in Pakistan by offering new researchers a case study example of how to use multinomial logistic regression to investigate the relationship between students' academic objectives and the expense of their education.

Influence of COVID-19 and employees’ response to deviations on employee enactment

Developing countries’ economies are in shambles as a result of the coronavirus. Developing countries like Bangladesh began opening its business sector in May 2020 in order to preserve the economy. To mitigate the effect of coronavirus, the government has implemented “new normal” guidelines for businesses. The primary goals of this research are to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced employee performance and to determine the workers’ perspectives regarding the changes that have been made to their everyday lives. To complete this research, employee performance was assessed using the employee response to change (ERC) method. Employees from many sectors have been studied. For this research, 300 people from various sectors were surveyed online at random. The study was quantitative as well as exploratory. It was based solely on original data. The research used a non-probability sampling approach to collect data. The survey questionnaire was sent to those who replied via Google Forms. Results and visual representations are found using SPSS software and Microsoft Excel. COVID-19 and the reaction to employee changes have a considerable detrimental influence on employee performance, according to all of the study’s findings. The employee’s focus, communication, and attention to work are all adversely affected by these “new normal” alterations

Research on the Coordinated Development of Population-Resources-Environment (PRE) Systems: An Empirical Analysis from Jiangsu Province, China

As the population size and urbanization increase, the relationships within the population-resource-environment (PRE) systems are becoming tenser. Determining how to achieve the harmonious development of PRE systems is currently an important issue faced by society. This paper uses Jiangsu province in China as an example of constructing a coordinated development evaluation index system for PRE systems. Using the coefficient of the variation coordination method, we examined the comprehensive evaluation scores of PRE systems in Jiangsu province from 2000 to 2020 to explore its intersystem coordinated development evolution status and analyze its constraints. The results show that: (1) the overall evaluation scores of PRE systems in Jiangsu are on the rise; (2) the overall coordinated development degree of Jiangsu has undergone obvious changes in stage and is currently in the stage of coordinated development; (3) there are obvious spatial differences in the overall coordinated development degree of Jiangsu, and the overall trend is gradually changing from "low in the south and high in the north" to "high in the south and low in the north"; and (4) the population urbanization rate, environmental management effectiveness, and regional development imbalance, restrict the coordinated development of PRE systems in Jiangsu.

Economic Growth through the Lenses of Education, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation

Economic growth is a major goal pursued by public authorities but can be achieved with the involvement of several categories of stakeholders given the complexity of the phenomenon and the many influencing factors. In this research paper, the authors analyze specific current issues that are representative as influencers of economic growth. This study brings into focus the importance of education, particularly tertiary education, entrepreneurship skills, and innovation capacities of businesses. The objectives are (1) to find out if tertiary education leads to economic growth; (2) to examine if innovation is one of the promotors of economic growth; and (3) to discuss the impact of the dynamic of businesses (enterprise birth) on economic growth. The methodology used in this research is panel regression (static model) for a sample consisting of 30 European countries for the period 2003–2020. The main findings are associated with a positive influence of tertiary education on economic growth, whereas the two other variables, that of entrepreneurship and innovation, are found to be insignificant for this time period.

Temporal-Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors of Coordinated Development of the Population, Resources, Economy and Environment (PREE) System: Evidence from 31 Provinces in China

Facing the increasingly severe friction among the domains of population, resources, economy and environment (PREE) in a system, theoretical guidance for the sustainable development of a PREE system can be obtained by exploring the coordinated development of a PREE system during its temporal-spatial evolution process. Based on the PREE data of 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019, this study uses a spatial measurement method to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the PREE systems of China's provinces. The results show that the overall coordination level of China's provincial PREE systems fluctuated but improved from moderate imbalance to moderate coordination. However, the differences in the regional coordination level first decreased and then increased. The distribution characteristics of the system coordination level changed from "high in the east and low in the west" to "high in the west and low in the east", resulting in the "inversion" phenomenon of the system coordination level. The spatial correlation of the coordination level of the PREE system among provinces and cities gradually increased. The coordination level of the PREE system in the eastern, central and western regions was noticeably different, accompanied by different degrees of polarization and showing different dynamic evolution trends. In the analysis of influencing factors, it was found that seven factors, such as per capita GDP, the proportion of environmental pollution control investment to GDP and per capita energy production, promoted the coordinated development of China's PREE system to varying degrees. The coordinated and stable development of China's PREE system should be adjusted and optimized from the perspectives of different regions, scales and systems.

Smart City Governance Evaluation in the Era of Internet of Things: An Empirical Analysis of Jiangsu, China

With the rapid development of smart cities all over the world, the evaluation of the smart city has become a new research hotspot in the academic circles. Nevertheless, there still exist a series of common problems in current smart city evaluation, including the cognitive deprivation, lack of experience in planning, low coordination level, etc. Therefore, it is critical to establish a new hierarchy for smart city evaluation indicators, especially in the 5G era. Based on literature review, expert consensus, and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, this study developed an innovative smart city evaluation framework. In the framework, an index comprising three dimensions, i.e., smart economy, smart society, and smart environmental protection, as well as several attributes for these dimensions for smart city evaluation were established. Then, taking Jiangsu Province, the fastest-growing province in China, as the research area, the development level of smart city for the cities in Jiangsu was calculated. The results have verified the effectiveness of the framework, which can provide suggestions for sustainable urbanization, and help urban decision-makers to promote the efficient development of smart cities.

Evaluation of Green Cities in the Drainage Area of China’s Beijing–Hangzhou Canal

The phrase ‘green cities’ refers to an idealised and modernised urban development model that features harmonious development among the environment, ecology, society, culture, and the inhabitants of a city. Harmonious humanistic relations and green pathways have become predominant models in modern urban development. Green city construction has drawn considerable attention. However, the construction and development of green cities involves numerous problems. The various needs of different populations must be coordinated to foster the green development of a city. In this study, the analytic hierarchy process was used to classify factors related to green city construction into different levels. The scope of the empirical verification was eight cities alongshore the drainage area of the Jiangsu section of the Beijing–Hangzhou Canal. Data from 2009, 2014, and 2019 were selected for analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed using these data, and standards were established to serve as a reference for city administrators in the process of decision-making regarding green city construction.

How Does Education Quality Affect Economic Growth?

In a seminal article, Hanushek and Woessmann explained economic growth as a function of the quality of education. While they did not find evidence of the importance of years of schooling, they argued for the relevance of cognitive skills and a basic literacy ratio for economic growth. However, this result was based on cross-country data limited to 23 observations. In this study, we extended and modified their approach based on the results of PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests to explain the GDP changes over the last 50 years. Using panel data, we considered the possible lag that characterizes this relationship, used statistical methods to address the risk of reversed causality of economic performance affecting the quality of education, and extended the model by the inclusion of other potential growth factors. The results, which also included several robustness checks, confirmed the relevance of earlier education quality as a significant growth factor. Our results suggest the significance of educational skills for GDP growth, which might be treated as a confirmation of the importance of quality primary and secondary education for economic development. We showed that our results are robust to changes in the order of lags and confirmed the validity of the conclusion with the use of specification-robust Bayesian model averaging.

Exploring the relationship between remittances received, education expenditures, energy use, income, poverty, and economic growth: fresh empirical evidence in the context of selected remittances receiving countries

This study explores the relationship between remittances received, education expenditure, energy use, income, poverty, and economic growth for a panel of the nine selected remittance-receiving countries (Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Philippines). World Development Indicator database is used for retrieving data from the period of 1990 to 2014. Panel cointegration technique is used to test the long-run relationship among studied variables. Furthermore, the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model is applied to confirm the presence of a long-run and short-run relationship. The findings of the ARDL model indicate that remittances received positively influence economic growth, and there is a significant relationship between remittances received and economic growth during the long-run. Education expenditure, energy use, and income also positively and significantly impact economic growth during the long-run. In contrast, final household consumption used in this study as a proxy of poverty showed a significant negative effect on economic growth during the long-run, which indicates that increasing poverty will reduce economic growth; on the other hand, reducing poverty will boost economic growth in the selected countries during the long-run.

Information Application of the Regional Development: Strategic Couplings in Global Production Networks in Jiangsu, China

The recent literature concerning globalizing regional development has placed significant emphasis on the Global Production Network (GPN 2.0). GPN 2.0 in economic geography emphasizes that regional growth is caused by a shift in the strategic coupling mode from a low to high level. In addition, GPN 2.0 regards firm-level value capture trajectories as key analytical object, rather than the interactive relationships among scalar and divergent actors in GPN 1.0. To provide a better understanding of causal linkages between the GPNs and uneven regional development in the background of globalization and to test the applicability of GPN 2.0 analysis framework, the paper analyzed 62 Korean-invested automotive firms in Jiangsu Province, China. In order to explore the value capture trajectories of lead firms in the GPNs, the authors applied K-means clustering method to quantitatively analyze the local supply networks of lead firms from organizational and spatial dimensions. Then, comparisons were made between strategic coupling modes of GPNs and regional development in North and South Jiangsu. This study found obvious similarities within these two regions but obvious differences between them in terms of value capture trajectories. We observed that North Jiangsu is currently in the stage of “structural coupling”, whereas South Jiangsu is in the stage of “functional coupling.” Thus, this article argues that spatial settings such as regional assets and autonomy are key factors influencing uneven economic development. This research may provide a crucial reference for the regional development of Jiangsu, China.