Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Coal-Fired Power Plant with Post-Combustion Carbon Capture: Analysis of Electricity Penalty and CO2 Emission Reduction

The Global Carbon Footprint and How New Carbon Mineralization Technologies Can Be Used to Reduce CO2 Emissions

Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of our industrial society. It is released into the atmosphere, which has an adverse effect on the environment. Carbon dioxide management is necessary to limit the global average temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius and mitigate the effects of climate change, as outlined in the Paris Agreement. To accomplish this objective realistically, the emissions gap must be closed by 2030. Additionally, 10–20 Gt of CO2 per year must be removed from the atmosphere within the next century, necessitating large-scale carbon management strategies. The present procedures and technologies for CO2 carbonation, including direct and indirect carbonation and certain industrial instances, have been explored in length. This paper highlights novel technologies to capture CO2, convert it to other valuable products, and permanently remove it from the atmosphere. Additionally, the constraints and difficulties associated with carbon mineralization have been discussed. These techniques may permanently remove the CO2 emitted due to industrial society, which has an unfavorable influence on the environment, from the atmosphere. These technologies create solutions for both climate change and economic development.

Methods and Techniques for CO2 Capture: Review of Potential Solutions and Applications in Modern Energy Technologies

The paper presents and discusses modern methods and technologies of CO2 capture (pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxy-combustion capture) along with the principles of these methods and examples of existing and operating installations. The primary differences of the selected methods and technologies, with the possibility to apply them in new low-emission energy technologies, were presented. The following CO2 capture methods: pre-combustion, post-combustion based on chemical absorption, physical separation, membrane separation, chemical looping combustion, calcium looping process, and oxy-combustion are discussed in the paper. Large-scale carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) facilities operating and under development are summarized. In 2021, 27 commercial CCUS facilities are currently under operation with a capture capacity of up to 40 Mt of CO2 per year. If all projects are launched, the global CO2 capture potential can be more than ca. 130–150 Mt/year of captured CO2. The most popular and developed indicators for comparing and assessing CO2 emission, capture, avoiding, and cost connected with avoiding CO2 emissions are also presented and described in the paper.

Oxidation Behavior of Inconel 740H Nickel Superalloy in Steam Atmosphere at 750 °C

The oxidation behavior of the nickel superalloy Inconel 740H was studied at 750 °C for 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 h in a steam atmosphere. Microstructure observations were performed using scanning electron microscopes and scanning-transmission electron microscope. The phase identification of existing oxidation products was conducted by electron diffraction in transmission electron microscope. The obtained results showed that the microstructure of Inconel 740H was stable during the oxidation process. The kinetic data showed that the superalloy has the ability to form protective oxide layers that are characterized by good adhesion and no tendency to spallation during the test. The oxidation products were mainly composed of external and internal oxides mainly at grain boundaries. The oxides in the external layer were Cr₂O₃, MnTiO_3,, and α-Al₂O₃ after 2000 h of oxidation. Internal oxides were α-Al₂O₃ and TiO₂. The occurrence of discontinuities in the internal oxidation zone was also observed after 500 h of test. It was found that the thickness of the internal oxidation zone was greater than the thickness of the external oxide layer, which proves the strong tendency of the superalloy to form internal oxides after oxidation in the steam atmosphere.