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Silva AC, Rocha P, Geraldo D, Cunha A, Antelo J, Pinheiro JP, Fiol S, Bento F. Developing a Compost Quality Index (CQI) Based on the Electrochemical Quantification of Cd (HA) Reactivity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031503. [PMID: 36771168 PMCID: PMC9919838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the use of Cd2+ as a reactivity probe of the fulvic acids (FAs), humic acids (HAs) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) compost extracts. Significant differences were observed between the extracts, with the HA extract showing the highest reactivity. Comparing the different composts, the largest reactivity variation was again observed for HA then FA and finally DOM extracts. The Cd2+ binding extent was used to calculate the quality of composts and compared with a reference of uncomposted organic fertiliser (FLW), leading to the definition of an operational scale of compost quality. The parameter equivalent mass of fertiliser (mEF) was used for this scale sorted the seven composts from 0.353 to 1.09 kg FLW, for compost of sewage sludge (CSS) and vermicompost of domestic waste (CVDW), respectively. The significance of this parameter was verified through a correlation analysis between binding extent and the effect of compost application on lettuce crop growth in a field trial. The results demonstrate the potentiality of FA and HA extracts as markers of compost bioactivity and the use of Cd2+ as a reactivity probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Chemistry, Campus Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- CRETUS, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Chemistry, Campus Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Dulce Geraldo
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Chemistry, Campus Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Juan Antelo
- CRETUS, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José P. Pinheiro
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine/ CNRS, UMR 7360, F54501 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sarah Fiol
- CRETUS, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fátima Bento
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Chemistry, Campus Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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