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Wei M, Liu J, Wang X, Liu X, Jiang L, Jiang Y, Ma Y, Wang J, Yuan H, An X, Song Y, Zhang L. Multi-omics analysis of kidney tissue metabolome and proteome reveals the protective effect of sheep milk against adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in mice. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 38864415 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by impaired renal function and is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Sheep milk contains several bioactive molecules with protective effects against inflammation and oxidative stress. In the current study, we investigated the potential renoprotective effects of sheep milk and the associated mechanisms of action in an adenine-induced CKD murine model. Sheep milk delayed renal chronic inflammation (e.g., significant reduction in levels of inflammatory factors Vcam1, Icam1, Il6, and Tnfa), fibrosis (significant reduction in levels of fibrosis factors Col1a1, Fn1, and Tgfb), oxidative stress (significant increase in levels of antioxidants and decrease in oxidative markers), mineral disorders, and renal injury in adenine-treated mice (e.g. reduced levels of kidney injury markers NGAL and KIM-1). The combined proteomics and metabolomics analyses showed that sheep milk may affect the metabolic processes of several compounds, including proteins, lipids, minerals, and hormones in mice with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease. In addition, it may regulate the expression of fibrosis-related factors and inflammatory factors through the JAK1/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway, thus exerting its renoprotective effects. Therefore, sheep milk may be beneficial for patients with CKD and should be evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Division of Laboratory Safety and Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Luyao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Yue Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Yingtian Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Jiangang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Hao Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaopeng An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Yuxuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
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Reiss AB, Jacob B, Zubair A, Srivastava A, Johnson M, De Leon J. Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1881. [PMID: 38610646 PMCID: PMC11012936 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a slowly progressive condition characterized by decreased kidney function, tubular injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation. CKD is a leading global health burden that is asymptomatic in early stages but can ultimately cause kidney failure. Its etiology is complex and involves dysregulated signaling pathways that lead to fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a central mediator in promoting transdifferentiation of polarized renal tubular epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, resulting in irreversible kidney injury. While current therapies are limited, the search for more effective diagnostic and treatment modalities is intensive. Although biopsy with histology is the most accurate method of diagnosis and staging, imaging techniques such as diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and shear wave elastography ultrasound are less invasive ways to stage fibrosis. Current therapies such as renin-angiotensin blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors aim to delay progression. Newer antifibrotic agents that suppress the downstream inflammatory mediators involved in the fibrotic process are in clinical trials, and potential therapeutic targets that interfere with TGF-β signaling are being explored. Small interfering RNAs and stem cell-based therapeutics are also being evaluated. Further research and clinical studies are necessary in order to avoid dialysis and kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (B.J.); (A.Z.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (J.D.L.)
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Yepes-Calderón M, Kremer D, Post A, Sotomayor CG, Seidel U, Huebbe P, Knobbe TJ, Lüersen K, Eisenga MF, Corpeleijn E, de Borst MH, Navis GJ, Rimbach G, Bakker SJ. Urinary Copper Excretion Is Associated with Long-Term Graft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Am J Nephrol 2023; 54:425-433. [PMID: 37231776 PMCID: PMC10687917 DOI: 10.1159/000531147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In chronic kidney disease, proteinuria increases urinary copper excretion, inducing oxidative tubular damage and worsening kidney function. We investigated whether this phenomenon occurred in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). In addition, we studied the associations of urinary copper excretion with the biomarker of oxidative tubular damage urinary liver-type fatty-acid binding protein (u-LFABP) and death-censored graft failure. METHODS This prospective cohort study was performed in the Netherlands between 2008 and 2017, including outpatient KTR with a functioning graft for longer than 1 year, who were extensively phenotyped at baseline. Twenty-four-hour urinary copper excretion was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear and Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS In 693 KTR (57% men, 53 ± 13 years, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 52 ± 20 mL/min/1.73 m2), baseline median urinary copper excretion was 23.6 (interquartile range 11.3-15.9) µg/24 h. Urinary protein excretion was positively associated with urinary copper excretion (standardized β = 0.39, p < 0.001), and urinary copper excretion was positively associated with u-LFABP (standardized β = 0.29, p < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 8 years, 109 (16%) KTR developed graft failure. KTR with relatively high copper excretion were at higher risk of long-term graft failure (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.86 per log2, p < 0.001), independent of multiple potential confounders like eGFR, urinary protein excretion, and time after transplantation. A dose-response relationship was observed over increasing tertiles of copper excretion (HR: 5.03, 95% CI: 2.75-9.19, tertile 3 vs. 1, p < 0.001). u-LFABP was a significant mediator of this association (74% of indirect effect, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In KTR, urinary protein excretion is positively correlated with urinary copper excretion. In turn, higher urinary copper excretion is associated with an independent increased risk of kidney graft failure, with a substantial mediating effect through oxidative tubular damage. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether copper excretion-targeted interventions could improve kidney graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Yepes-Calderón
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Kremer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Post
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camilo G. Sotomayor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Independencia, Chile
| | - Ulrike Seidel
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim J. Knobbe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michele F. Eisenga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H. de Borst
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan J. Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan J.L. Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Yepes-Calderón M, Kremer D, Post A, Sotomayor CG, Seidel U, Huebbe P, Knobbe TJ, Lüersen K, Eisenga MF, Corpeleijn E, De Borst MH, Navis GJ, Rimbach G, Bakker SJL. Plasma Copper Concentration Is Associated with Cardiovascular Mortality in Male Kidney Transplant Recipients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020454. [PMID: 36830012 PMCID: PMC9952822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. We investigated whether, in KTR, post-transplantation copper status is associated with the risk of cardiovascular mortality and potential effect modification by sex. In this cohort study, plasma copper was measured using mass spectrometry in extensively-phenotyped KTR with a functioning allograft >1-year. Cox regression analyses with the inclusion of multiplicative interaction terms were performed. In 660 KTR (53 ± 13 years old, 56% male), the median baseline plasma copper was 15.42 (IQR 13.53-17.63) µmol/L. During a median follow-up of 5 years, 141 KTR died, 53 (38%) due to cardiovascular causes. Higher plasma copper was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in the overall KTR population (HR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07-1.77 per 1-SD, p = 0.01). Sex was a significant effect modifier of this association (Pinteraction = 0.01). Among male KTR, higher plasma copper concentration was independently associated with a two-fold higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.09; 95% CI, 1.42-3.07 per 1-SD, p < 0.001). Among female KTR, this association was absent. This evidence offers a rationale for considering a sex-specific assessment of copper's role in cardiovascular risk evaluation. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether copper-targeted interventions may decrease cardiovascular mortality in male KTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Yepes-Calderón
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-061-6654-888
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camilo G. Sotomayor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Clinical Hospital University of Chile, University of Chile, Independencia 8380453, Chile
| | - Ulrike Seidel
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim J. Knobbe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michele F. Eisenga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H. De Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan J. Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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