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Shafiei F, Shahidi-Noghabi S, Sedaghati E, Smagghe G. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inducing Tomato Plant Resistance and Its Role in Control of Bemisia tabaci Under Greenhouse Conditions. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:424-438. [PMID: 38356097 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the environment-friendly organisms that enhance plant performance. AMF affect the herbivorous insect community by indirectly modifying host plant nutrient uptake, growth, and defense, also known as priming. In the current study, under greenhouse conditions, the effects of inoculating tomato seedlings with four species of AMF, i.e., Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Glomus iranicus, were studied in relation to tomato plant growth parameters, plant defense enzymes, and total phenol content, and additionally, the life table of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) feeding on these plants was determined. The results demonstrated that the growth parameters of tomato plants, including plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root volume, leaf surface area, weight of the root, and aerial organs (containing the leaves and stem), were greater and larger in the AMF-inoculated plants compared to the non-inoculated plants. Furthermore, there were higher defense enzyme activities, including peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase, and also higher total phenol contents in the AMF-inoculated plants. The whitefly life table characteristics were decreased in the group feeding on the AMF-inoculated plants. All together, the AMF colonization made the tomato plants more resistant against B. tabaci by improving plant growth and increasing defense enzymes. The degree of priming observed here suggests the potential of AMF to have expansive applications, including their implementation in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Shafiei
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Shahidi-Noghabi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Sedaghati
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Lv X, Zhang W, Chu S, Zhang H, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Yang D, Zhu Y, Mans DRA, Chen H, Liang Z. Endophytic fungus Penicillium steckii DF33 promoted tanshinones biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza by regulating the expression of CYP450 genes. Gene 2024; 899:148094. [PMID: 38142897 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza, a prominent traditional Chinese medicinal resource, has been extensively employed in the management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ailments. Ensuring the consistency of S. miltiorrhiza raw materials revolves around the imperative task of maintaining stable tanshinones content and composition. An effective approach in this regard involves the utilization of endophytic fungi as inducers. Within this context, our study spotlights an endophytic fungus, Penicillium steckii DF33, isolated from the roots of S. miltiorrhiza. Remarkably, this fungus has demonstrated a significant capacity to boost the biosynthesis and accumulation of tanshinones. The primary objective of this investigation is to elucidate the underlying regulatory mechanism by which DF33 enhances and regulates the biosynthesis and accumulation of tanshinones. This is achieved through its influence on the differential expression of crucial CYP450 genes within the S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots system. The results revealed that the DF33 elicitor not only promotes the growth of hairy roots but also enhances the accumulation of tanshinones. Notably, the content of cryptotanshinone was reached 1.6452 ± 0.0925 mg g-1, a fourfold increase compared to the control group. Our qRT-PCR results further demonstrate that the DF33 elicitor significantly up-regulates the expression of most key enzyme genes (GGPPS, CPS1, KSL1, CYP76AH1, CYP76AH3, CYP76AK1, CYP71D411) involved in the tanshinone biosynthesis pathway. This effect is particularly pronounced in certain critical CYP450 genes and Tanshinone ⅡA synthase (SmTⅡAS), with their expression levels peaking at 7 days or 14 days, respectively. In summary, endophytic P. steckii DF33 primarily enhances tanshinone biosynthesis by elevating the expression levels of pivotal enzyme genes associated with the modification and transformation stages within the tanshinone biosynthesis pathway. These findings underscore the potential of employing plant probiotics, specifically endophytic and root-associated microbes, to facilitate the biosynthesis and transformation of vital constituents in medicinal plants, and this approach holds promise for enhancing the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyuan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Dennis R A Mans
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo 9212, Suriname
| | - Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Metwally RA, Taha MA, El-Moaty NMA, Abdelhameed RE. Attenuation of Zucchini mosaic virus disease in cucumber plants by mycorrhizal symbiosis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:54. [PMID: 38315215 PMCID: PMC10844420 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi generated systemic acquired resistance in cucumber to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, indicating their prospective application in the soil as a sustainable, environmentally friendly approach to inhibit the spread of pathogens. The wide spread of plant pathogens affects the whole world, causing several plant diseases and threatening national food security as it disrupts the quantity and quality of economically important crops. Recently, environmentally acceptable mitigating practices have been required for sustainable agriculture, restricting the use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural areas. Herein, the biological control of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants using arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was investigated. Compared to control plants, ZYMV-infected plants displayed high disease incidence (DI) and severity (DS) with various symptoms, including severe yellow mosaic, mottling and green blisters of leaves. However, AM fungal inoculation exhibited 50% inhibition for these symptoms and limited DS to 26% as compared to non-colonized ones. The detection of ZYMV by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique exhibited a significant reduction in AM-inoculated plants (5.23-fold) compared with non-colonized ones. Besides, mycorrhizal root colonization (F%) was slightly reduced by ZYMV infection. ZYMV infection decreased all growth parameters and pigment fractions and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, however, these parameters were significantly enhanced and the MDA content was decreased by AM fungal colonization. Also, the protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes (POX and CAT) were increased with ZYMV infection with more enhancements due to AM root colonization. Remarkably, defence pathogenesis-related (PR) genes such as PR-a, PR-b, and PR-10 were quickly expressed in response to AM treatment. Our findings demonstrated the beneficial function of AM fungi in triggering the plant defence against ZYMV as they caused systemic acquired resistance in cucumber plants and supported their potential use in the soil as an environment-friendly method of hindering the spread of pathogenic microorganisms sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab A Metwally
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Taha
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nada M Abd El-Moaty
- Microbiology Department, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reda E Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Gaši E, Radić T, Čarija M, Gambino G, Balestrini R, Hančević K. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induce Changes of Photosynthesis-Related Parameters in Virus Infected Grapevine. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091783. [PMID: 37176841 PMCID: PMC10180532 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of viruses and the positive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on grapevine performance are well reported, in contrast to the knowledge about their interactive effects in perennial plants, e.g., in grapevine. To elucidate the physiological consequences of grapevine-AMF-virus interactions, two different AMF inoculum (Rhizophagus irregularis and 'Mix AMF') were used on grapevine infected with grapevine rupestris stem pitting virus, grapevine leafroll associated virus 3 and/or grapevine pinot gris virus. Net photosynthesis rate (AN), leaf transpiration (E), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and conductance to H2O (gs) were measured at three time points during one growing season. Furthermore, quantum efficiency in light (ΦPSII) and electron transport rate (ETR) were surveyed in leaves of different maturity, old (basal), mature (middle) and young (apical) leaf. Lastly, pigment concentration and growth parameters were analysed. Virus induced changes in grapevine were minimal in this early infection stage. However, the AMF induced changes of grapevine facing biotic stress were most evident in higher net photosynthesis rate, conductance to H2O, chlorophyll a concentration, total carotenoid concentration and dry matter content. The AMF presence in the grapevine roots seem to prevail over virus infection, with Rhizophagus irregularis inducing greater photosynthesis changes in solitary form rather than mixture. This study shows that AMF can be beneficial for grapevine facing viral infection, in the context of functional physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Gaši
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Radić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mate Čarija
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Katarina Hančević
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Vincent M, Boubakri H, Gasser M, Hay AE, Herrera-Belaroussi A. What contribution of plant immune responses in Alnus glutinosa-Frankia symbiotic interactions? Symbiosis 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Deja-Sikora E, Werner K, Hrynkiewicz K. AMF species do matter: Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae affect healthy and PVY-infected Solanum tuberosum L. in a different way. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1127278. [PMID: 37138600 PMCID: PMC10150075 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1127278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were documented to positively influence plant growth and yield, which is extremely important for the production of many crops including potato. However, the nature of the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant virus that share the same host is not well characterized. In this study, we examined the effect of different AMF, Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae, on healthy and potato virus Y (PVY)-infected Solanum tuberosum L. The analyses conducted included the measurement of potato growth parameters, oxidative stress indicators, and photosynthetic capacity. Additionally, we evaluated both the development of AMF in plant roots and the virus level in mycorrhizal plants. We found that two AMF species colonized plant roots to varying degrees (ca. 38% for R. irregularis vs. 20% for F. mosseae). Rhizophagus irregularis had a more positive effect on potato growth parameters, causing a significant increase in the total fresh and dry weight of tubers, along with virus-challenged plants. Furthermore, this species lowered hydrogen peroxide levels in PVY-infected leaves and positively modulated the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants, i.e., ascorbate and glutathione in leaves and roots. Finally, both fungal species contributed to reduced lipid peroxidation and alleviation of virus-induced oxidative damage in plant organs. We also confirmed an indirect interaction between AMF and PVY inhabiting the same host. The two AMF species seemed to have different abilities to colonize the roots of virus-infected hosts, as R. irregularis showed a stronger drop in mycorrhizal development in the presence of PVY. At the same time, arbuscular mycorrhiza exerted an effect on virus multiplication, causing increased PVY accumulation in plant leaves and a decreased concentration of virus in roots. In conclusion, the effect of AMF-plant interactions may differ depending on the genotypes of both symbiotic partners. Additionally, indirect AMF-PVY interactions occur in host plants, diminishing the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhiza while changing the distribution of viral particles in plants.
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Lax P, Passone MA, Becerra AG, Sosa AL, Ciancio A, Finetti-Sialer MM, Rosso LC. Sustainable strategies for management of the "false root-knot nematode" Nacobbus spp. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1046315. [PMID: 36570909 PMCID: PMC9774502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1046315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The genus Nacobbus, known as the false root-knot nematode, is native to the American continent and comprises polyphagous species adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. Alone or in combination with other biotic and abiotic factors, Nacobbus spp. can cause significant economic yield losses on main food crops such as potato, sugar beet, tomato, pepper and bean, in South and North America. Although the genus distribution is restricted to the American continent, it has quarantine importance and is subject to international legislation to prevent its spread to other regions, such as the European Union. The management of Nacobbus spp. remains unsatisfactory due to the lack of information related to different aspects of its life cycle, survival stages in the soil and in plant material, a rapid and reliable diagnostic method for its detection and the insufficient source of resistant plant genotypes. Due to the high toxicity of chemical nematicides, the search for alternatives has been intensified. Therefore, this review reports findings on the application of environmentally benign treatments to manage Nacobbus spp. Biological control strategies, such as the use of different organisms (mainly bacteria, fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes) and other eco-compatible approaches (such as metabolites, essential oils, plant extracts, phytohormones and amendments), either alone or as part of a combined control strategy, are discussed. Knowledge of potential sources of resistance for genetic improvement for crops susceptible to Nacobbus spp. are also reported. The sustainable strategies outlined here offer immediate benefits, not only to counter the pathogen, but also as good alternatives to improve crop health and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lax
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María A. Passone
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Ambiental (ECOMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G. Becerra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana L. Sosa
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Ambiental (ECOMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Aurelio Ciancio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Laura C. Rosso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Bari, Italy
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Belliardo C, Koutsovoulos GD, Rancurel C, Clément M, Lipuma J, Bailly-Bechet M, Danchin EGJ. Improvement of eukaryotic protein predictions from soil metagenomes. Sci Data 2022; 9:311. [PMID: 35710557 PMCID: PMC9203802 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, metagenomics has highlighted the diversity of microorganisms from environmental or host-associated samples. Most metagenomics public repositories use annotation pipelines tailored for prokaryotes regardless of the taxonomic origin of contigs. Consequently, eukaryotic contigs with intrinsically different gene features, are not optimally annotated. Using a bioinformatics pipeline, we have filtered 7.9 billion contigs from 6,872 soil metagenomes in the JGI's IMG/M database to identify eukaryotic contigs. We have re-annotated genes using eukaryote-tailored methods, yielding 8 million eukaryotic proteins and over 300,000 orphan proteins lacking homology in public databases. Comparing the gene predictions we made with initial JGI ones on the same contigs, we confirmed our pipeline improves eukaryotic proteins completeness and contiguity in soil metagenomes. The improved quality of eukaryotic proteins combined with a more comprehensive assignment method yielded more reliable taxonomic annotation. This dataset of eukaryotic soil proteins with improved completeness, quality and taxonomic annotation reliability is of interest for any scientist aiming at studying the composition, biological functions and gene flux in soil communities involving eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Belliardo
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France.
- MYCOPHYTO, 540 Avenue de la Plaine, 06250, Mougins, France.
| | | | - Corinne Rancurel
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - Justine Lipuma
- MYCOPHYTO, 540 Avenue de la Plaine, 06250, Mougins, France
| | - Marc Bailly-Bechet
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Etienne G J Danchin
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France.
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Zhang W, Yu L, Han B, Liu K, Shao X. Mycorrhizal Inoculation Enhances Nutrient Absorption and Induces Insect-Resistant Defense of Elymus nutans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:898969. [PMID: 35712553 PMCID: PMC9194685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The majority of terrestrial plants can form symbiotic associations on their roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soil to stimulate the growth and nutrient uptake of the host plant and to improve plant resistance to insects and disease. However, the use of AMF for insect control on gramineous forages requires further study. Here, we evaluated the effects of AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) inoculation on the defense against Locusta migratoria attack in Elymus nutans. Inoculation assays showed that mycorrhizal plants had a higher resistance than non-inoculated plants, as evidenced by plants having more plant biomass, a higher nitrogen and phosphorus content, and greater lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. The results of insect damage showed that in addition to a decrease in the enzyme phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase, the activities of other plant defense-related enzymes (including polyphenol oxidase and β-1,3-glucanase) were increased. A key enzyme, LOX, belonging to the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway was notably increased in mycorrhizal treatment. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and the results showed that several metabolites with insect-resistant properties, including D-Limonene, p-Xylene, 1,3-Diethylbenzene were detected in mycorrhizal plants. These findings suggest that mycorrhizal inoculation has potential applications in insect management on forage grasses and demonstrates that the JA signaling pathway is essential for insect resistance in Elymus nutans.
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Corrales-Sánchez JB, López-Meyer M, Valdez Morales M, Trejo Aguilar D, Bojórquez Armenta YDJ, Valle Castillo CE, Ibarra Sarmiento CR, Romero Urías CDLÁ, Mora Romero GA. ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA SYMBIOSIS REDUCES THE RHIZOCTONIA ROOT ROT AND ALTERS THE PHENOLIC PROFILE IN COMMON BEAN. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v27n3.87627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the potential to reduce the deleterious effect of soil-borne pathogens, but their ability for pathogen biocontrol may vary depending on the genotype of the plant, the pathogen, and the AMF interaction. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the Mexican biofertilizer Rizofermic-UV based on a mix of AMF formulation against the common bean root rot caused by the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn 1858 (Teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris). Additionally, the total phenolic content, individual phenolic acid (caffeic, ferulic, o-cumaric, p-cumaric, sinapic, and vanillic), and the flavonoid (catechin, kaempferol, quercetin and, rutin) profiles were analyzed. Our results show that the AMF biofertilization reduces the disease severity up to 68 %, and this was accompanied by a boost in total phenolic content in dual inoculation. Furthermore, a variation in the individual phenolic profiles caused by both AMF interaction and pathogen treatment alone were observed. In dual inoculations, vanillic acid was significantly different among treatments, suggesting it may contribute to the enhanced resistance of mycorrhizal roots to soil-borne pathogens. Further work is required to elucidate the exact role of these compounds in the bioprotection of arbuscular mycorrhizal to plant pathogens.
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Yusop MSM, Mohamed-Hussein ZA, Ramzi AB, Bunawan H. Cymbidium Mosaic Virus Infecting Orchids: What, How, and What Next? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e3020. [PMID: 35891960 PMCID: PMC9284244 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.278382.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Context Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) is one of the most devastating viruses causing losses in the orchid industry, affecting economies worth millions of US dollars. CymMV significantly affects the orchid population and could be controlled through an integrated management strategy consisting of virus detection, good sanitation care of gardeners and their tools, and maintaining virus-free explants. Evidence acquisition This review was written based on research publications relevant to the CymMV infection in orchids. The literature cited were obtained from online literature databases such as web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The searched term used was "Cymbidium mosaic virus". Related publications to the initial search were also examined. Results & Conclusions This review describes the threat of CymMV to the orchid population by examining its history, genome organization, symptoms on individual orchids, detection, and management. Current research has been focusing on the prospect of transgenic orchids with viral resistance. This review also highlights the potential role of the symbiotic relationship between orchids and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi that could be useful to improve the protection of orchids against virus infection. Overall, this review provides information on how CymMV infection impacts the orchid population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shakir Mohamad Yusop
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Bazli Ramzi
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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The Mycorrizal Status in Vineyards Affected by Esca. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100869. [PMID: 34682291 PMCID: PMC8540504 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we analyzed the relationship among native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and vine roots affected by esca, a serious grapevine trunk disease. The AMF symbiosis was analyzed on the roots of neighboring plants (symptomatic and asymptomatic to esca) in 14 sites of three vineyards in Marche region (central–eastern Italy). The AMF colonization intensity, identified by non-vital staining, showed higher value in all esca symptomatic plants (ranging from 24.6% to 61.3%) than neighboring asymptomatic plants (from 17.4% to 57.6%). The same trend of Glomeromycota phylum abundance was detected by analyzing fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) linked to the AMF community, obtained by amplicon high throughput analysis of ITS 1 region. Overall, the highest amount of OTUs was detected on roots from symptomatic plants (0.42%), compared to asymptomatic roots (0.29%). Specific primer pairs for native Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae AMF species, were designed in 28S rRNA and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA, respectively, and droplet digital PCR protocol for absolute quantification was set up. A higher number of DNA copies of both fungal species were detected more frequently in symptomatic than asymptomatic vines. Our study suggests a relationship between esca and native AMF in grapevine. These results underline the importance of native rhizosphere microbial communities for a better knowledge of grapevine esca disease.
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Liu H, Chen H, Ding G, Li K, Wang Y. Proteomic Insight into the Symbiotic Relationship of Pinus massoniana Lamb and Suillus luteus towards Developing Al-Stress Resistance. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:177. [PMID: 33672434 PMCID: PMC7926926 DOI: 10.3390/life11020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming significantly impacts forest range areas by increasing soil acidification or aluminum toxicity. Aluminum (Al) toxicity retards plant growth by inhibiting the root development process, hindering water uptake, and limiting the bioavailability of other essential micronutrients. Pinus massoniana (masson pine), globally recognized as a reforestation plant, is resistant to stress conditions including biotic and abiotic stresses. This resistance is linked to the symbiotic relationship with diverse ectomycorrhizal fungal species. In the present study, we investigated the genetic regulators as expressed proteins, conferring a symbiotic relationship between Al-stress resistance and Suillus luteus in masson pine. Multi-treatment trials resulted in the identification of 12 core Al-stress responsive proteins conserved between Al stress conditions with or without S. luteus inoculation. These proteins are involved in chaperonin CPN60-2, protein refolding and ATP-binding, Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase precursor, oxidation-reduction process, and metal ion binding, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, glycolytic process, and metabolic process. Furthermore, 198 Al responsive proteins were identified specifically under S. luteus-inoculation and are involved in gene regulation, metabolic process, oxidation-reduction process, hydrolase activity, and peptide activity. Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, endoglucanase, putative spermidine synthase, NADH dehydrogenase, and glutathione-S-transferase were found with a significant positive expression under a combined Al and S. luteus treatment, further supported by the up-regulation of their corresponding genes. This study provides a theoretical foundation for exploiting the regulatory role of ectomycorrhizal inoculation and associated genetic changes in resistance against Al stress in masson pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang 550004, China;
| | - Houying Chen
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Guijie Ding
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Kuaifen Li
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Yao Wang
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang 550004, China;
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Windisch S, Sommermann L, Babin D, Chowdhury SP, Grosch R, Moradtalab N, Walker F, Höglinger B, El-Hasan A, Armbruster W, Nesme J, Sørensen SJ, Schellenberg I, Geistlinger J, Smalla K, Rothballer M, Ludewig U, Neumann G. Impact of Long-Term Organic and Mineral Fertilization on Rhizosphere Metabolites, Root-Microbial Interactions and Plant Health of Lettuce. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:597745. [PMID: 33519736 PMCID: PMC7838544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.597745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization management can affect plant performance and soil microbiota, involving still poorly understood rhizosphere interactions. We hypothesized that fertilization practice exerts specific effects on rhizodeposition with consequences for recruitment of rhizosphere microbiota and plant performance. To address this hypothesis, we conducted a minirhizotron experiment using lettuce as model plant and field soils with contrasting properties from two long-term field experiments (HUB-LTE: loamy sand, DOK-LTE: silty loam) with organic and mineral fertilization history. Increased relative abundance of plant-beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungal pathotrophs were characteristic of the rhizospheres in the organically managed soils (HU-org; BIODYN2). Accordingly, defense-related genes were systemically expressed in shoot tissues of the respective plants. As a site-specific effect, high relative occurrence of the fungal lettuce pathogen Olpidium sp. (76-90%) was recorded in the rhizosphere, both under long-term organic and mineral fertilization at the DOK-LTE site, likely supporting Olpidium infection due to a lower water drainage potential compared to the sandy HUB-LTE soils. However, plant growth depressions and Olpidium infection were exclusively recorded in the BIODYN2 soil with organic fertilization history. This was associated with a drastic (87-97%) reduction in rhizosphere abundance of potentially plant-beneficial microbiota (Pseudomonadaceae, Mortierella elongata) and reduced concentrations of the antifungal root exudate benzoate, known to be increased in presence of Pseudomonas spp. In contrast, high relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) in the rhizosphere of plants grown in soils with long-term mineral fertilization (61-74%) coincided with high rhizosphere concentrations of chemotactic dicarboxylates (succinate, malate) and a high C (sugar)/N (amino acid) ratio, known to support the growth of Gammaproteobacteria. This was related with generally lower systemic expression of plant defense genes as compared with organic fertilization history. Our results suggest a complex network of belowground interactions among root exudates, site-specific factors and rhizosphere microbiota, modulating the impact of fertilization management with consequences for plant health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Windisch
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Loreen Sommermann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Babin
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Rita Grosch
- Plant-Microbe Systems, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Narges Moradtalab
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Walker
- Central Chemical-Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Birgit Höglinger
- Central Chemical-Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Abbas El-Hasan
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Armbruster
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joseph Nesme
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Johannes Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingo Schellenberg
- Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Geistlinger
- Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Institute of Network Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter Neumann
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Liu H, Chen H, Ding G, Li K, Ren Q. Identification of candidate genes conferring tolerance to aluminum stress in Pinus massoniana inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:521. [PMID: 33198640 PMCID: PMC7667757 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pinus massoniana Lamb. is an important afforestation tree species with high economic, ecological and medicinal values. Aluminum (Al) toxicity driven by soil acidification causes dieback of P. massoniana plantations. Previous studies showed that ectomycorrhizal fungi alleviate Al stress damages in Pinus, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and key genes induced by ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculation under Al stress in Pinus have not been explored. Herein, we applied Al stress for 60 days to P. massoniana seedlings inoculated with Suillus luteus (SL) and those non-inoculated. Then, we compared their growth parameters and transcriptome in order to detect candidate genes induced by SL conferring Al tolerance in P. massoniana. RESULT Our results showed that SL inoculation confers Al stress tolerance in P. massoniana through improved growth performance, strong antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation as compared to non-inoculated seedlings. Transcriptome sequencing further supported these findings as very few genes (51 genes) were transcriptionally altered by Al in SL inoculated plants as compared to non-inoculated plants (2140 genes). We identified three core genes (cox1, cox3 and Nd1) that were strongly up-regulated by Al in the SL inoculated plants but were down-regulated in the non-inoculated plants. We also identified 42 genes specifically regulated by SL inoculated plants under Al stress, which are involved in a wide range of biological processes such as antioxidative response, transporters, hormone signaling and plant pathogen infection responses. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data suggest that SL inoculation induces priming of key stress response pathways and triggers specific genes that efficiently alleviate Al stress effects in P. massoniana. The candidate genes resources generated in this study are of utmost importance for functional characterization and molecular studies aiming at improving Al tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University/Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Houying Chen
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University/Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Guijie Ding
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University/Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Kuaifen Li
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University/Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qifei Ren
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
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Rizzo E, Sherman T, Manosalva P, Gomez SK. Assessment of Local and Systemic Changes in Plant Gene Expression and Aphid Responses during Potato Interactions with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Potato Aphids. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E82. [PMID: 31936508 PMCID: PMC7020417 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This research examined aphid and plant responses to distinct levels (none, low, and high) of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal root colonization by studying the association between potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), and AM fungi (Rhizophagus intraradices). It extends knowledge on gene expression changes, assessed by RT-qPCR, of ten defense-related genes at two time-points post-herbivory (24 h and 10 days), focusing on aphid-infested local leaves, non-infested systemic leaves, and roots. The results showed that aphid fitness was not altered by AM symbiosis. At 24 h, ETHYLENE RECEPTOR 1 gene expression was repressed in roots of aphid-infested non-mycorrhizal plants and aphid-infested plants with a high level of AM fungal root colonization, but not on aphid-infested plants with a low level of AM fungal root colonization. At 10 days, ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE and POTATO TYPE I PROTEASE INHIBITOR were upregulated exclusively in local leaves of aphid-infested plants with a low level of AM fungal root colonization. In addition, local and systemic changes in plant gene expression appeared to be regulated exclusively by AM status and aphid herbivory. In summary, the gene expression data provide insights on mycorrhizal potato responses to aphid herbivory and serve as a starting point for future studies using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rizzo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, 501 20th St., Greeley, CO 80639, USA; (E.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Tyler Sherman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, 501 20th St., Greeley, CO 80639, USA; (E.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Patricia Manosalva
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - S. Karen Gomez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, 501 20th St., Greeley, CO 80639, USA; (E.R.); (T.S.)
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Selvaraj A, Thangavel K, Uthandi S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus intraradices) and diazotrophic bacterium (Rhizobium BMBS) primed defense in blackgram against herbivorous insect (Spodoptera litura) infestation. Microbiol Res 2020; 231:126355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Can Compensate for the Loss of Indigenous Microbial Communities to Support the Growth of Liquorice ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.). PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010007. [PMID: 31861523 PMCID: PMC7020511 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms play important roles in nutrient mobilization and uptake of mineral nutrition in plants. Agricultural management, such as soil sterilization, can have adverse effects on plant growth because of the elimination of indigenous microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are one of the most important beneficial soil microorganisms for plant growth. However, whether AM fungi can compensate for the loss of indigenous microbial communities to support plant growth and metabolism is largely unknown. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of AM fungi on plant growth and secondary metabolism in sterilized and unsterilized soil. We used liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), an important medicinal plant as the host, which was inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis or not and grown in unsterilized or sterilized soil. Plant photosynthesis traits, plant growth and nutrition level, concentrations of the secondary metabolites, and expression levels of biosynthesis genes were determined. The results showed that soil sterilization decreased plant growth, photosynthesis, and glycyrrhizin and liquiritin accumulation, and moreover, downregulated the expression of related biosynthesis genes. Inoculation with R. irregularis in sterilized soil offset the loss of indigenous microbial communities, resulting in plant growth and glycyrrhizin and liquiritin concentrations similar to those of plants grown in unsterilized soil. Thus, AM fungi could compensate for the loss of indigenous microbial communities by soil sterilization to support plant growth and secondary metabolism.
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