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Morán F, Olmos A, Glasa M, Silva MBD, Maliogka V, Wetzel T, Ruiz-García AB. A Novel and Highly Inclusive Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR Method for the Broad and Efficient Detection of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 1. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:876. [PMID: 36840223 PMCID: PMC9962094 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important crops in the world due to its economic and social impact. Like many other crops, grapevine is susceptible to different types of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) is a virus associated with grapevine leafroll disease and it is considered at the national and European level as a pathogen that must be absent in propagative plant material. For this reason, the availability of specific, sensitive and reliable detection techniques to ascertain the sanitary status of the plants is of great importance. The objective of this research was the development of a new GLRaV-1 detection method based on a TaqMan quantitative real-time RT-PCR targeted to the coat protein genomic region and including a host internal control in a duplex reaction. To this end, three new GLRaV-1 full genomes were recovered by HTS and aligned with all sequences available in the databases. The method has been validated following EPPO standards and applied for the diagnosis of field plant material and transmission vectors. The new protocol designed has turned out to be highly sensitive as well as much more specific than the current available methods for the detection and absolute quantitation of GLRaV-1 viral titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Morán
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Ctra. Moncada-Náquera km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Olmos
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Ctra. Moncada-Náquera km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miroslav Glasa
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Marilia Bueno Da Silva
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Ctra. Moncada-Náquera km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Varvara Maliogka
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thierry Wetzel
- DLR Rheinpfalz, Institute of Plant Protection, Breitenweg, 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany
| | - Ana Belén Ruiz-García
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Ctra. Moncada-Náquera km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, C/Doctor Moliner 50, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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Hu G, Dong Y, Zhang Z, Fan X, Ren F. Effect of In Vitro Culture of Long Shoot Tip on Variant Structure and Titer of Grapevine Viruses. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151907. [PMID: 35893611 PMCID: PMC9330417 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Shoot tip culture is a very effective approach for studying plant viruses. In this study, we evaluated the numbers, diversity, and titer of grapevine viruses in in vitro grapevine plants after long shoot tip culture. Six virus-infected grapevine cultivars (Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Gernischt, Cabernet Sauvignon, Wink, Victoria, and Merlot) collected from six regions of China were used as the research materials. Approximately 1.5 cm long shoot tips were used for meristem culture. The average survival rate of the six grapevine cultivars was 45.7%. Merlot collected from Beijing showed the highest survival rate (80.0%). Regeneration was not achieved in Cabernet Gernischt collected from Liaoning province and Cabernet Sauvignon from Tianjin due to bacterial and fungal contamination. Virus detection conducted in the surviving regenerated plants showed that the virus infection status, including the viral numbers and the species present in plants grown in vitro, was the same as that in corresponding in vivo plants. Moreover, the analysis of sequence diversity and the mutation frequency in grapevine viruses in vitro indicated that the structure of grapevine viruses was stable in long shoot tip culture after four sub-culture passages. Further, the relative viral titer of in vitro grapevine plants was much higher than that of in vivo plants. These results aid in the investigation of viruses in woody plants.
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Rienth M, Vigneron N, Walker RP, Castellarin SD, Sweetman C, Burbidge CA, Bonghi C, Famiani F, Darriet P. Modifications of Grapevine Berry Composition Induced by Main Viral and Fungal Pathogens in a Climate Change Scenario. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717223. [PMID: 34956249 PMCID: PMC8693719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The grapevine is subject to high number of fungal and viral diseases, which are responsible for important economic losses in the global wine sector every year. These pathogens deteriorate grapevine berry quality either directly via the modulation of fruit metabolic pathways and the production of endogenous compounds associated with bad taste and/or flavor, or indirectly via their impact on vine physiology. The most common and devastating fungal diseases in viticulture are gray mold, downy mildew (DM), and powdery mildew (PM), caused, respectively by Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, and Erysiphe necator. Whereas B. cinerea mainly infects and deteriorates the ripening fruit directly, deteriorations by DM and PM are mostly indirect via a reduction of photosynthetic leaf area. Nevertheless, mildews can also infect berries at certain developmental stages and directly alter fruit quality via the biosynthesis of unpleasant flavor compounds that impair ultimate wine quality. The grapevine is furthermore host of a wide range of viruses that reduce vine longevity, productivity and berry quality in different ways. The most widespread virus-related diseases, that are known nowadays, are Grapevine Leafroll Disease (GLRD), Grapevine Fanleaf Disease (GFLD), and the more recently characterized grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD). Future climatic conditions are creating a more favorable environment for the proliferation of most virus-insect vectors, so the spread of virus-related diseases is expected to increase in most wine-growing regions. However, the impact of climate change on the evolution of fungal disease pressure will be variable and depending on region and pathogen, with mildews remaining certainly the major phytosanitary threat in most regions because their development rate is to a large extent temperature-driven. This paper aims to provide a review of published literature on most important grapevine fungal and viral pathogens and their impact on grape berry physiology and quality. Our overview of the published literature highlights gaps in our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions, which are valuable for conceiving future research programs dealing with the different pathogens and their impacts on grapevine berry quality and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rienth
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vigneron
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Robert P. Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Diego Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Crista A. Burbidge
- School of Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Unité de recherche Œnologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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