1
|
Luo Y, Lu H, Peng D, Ruan X, Chen YE, Guo Y. Liver-humanized mice: A translational strategy to study metabolic disorders. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:489-506. [PMID: 34661916 PMCID: PMC9126562 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the metabolic core of the whole body. Tools commonly used to study the human liver metabolism include hepatocyte cell lines, primary human hepatocytes, and pluripotent stem cells-derived hepatocytes in vitro, and liver genetically humanized mouse model in vivo. However, none of these systems can mimic the human liver in physiological and pathological states satisfactorily. Liver-humanized mice, which are established by reconstituting mouse liver with human hepatocytes, have emerged as an attractive animal model to study drug metabolism and evaluate the therapeutic effect in "human liver" in vivo because the humanized livers greatly replicate enzymatic features of human hepatocytes. The application of liver-humanized mice in studying metabolic disorders is relatively less common due to the largely uncertain replication of metabolic profiles compared to humans. Here, we summarize the metabolic characteristics and current application of liver-humanized mouse models in metabolic disorders that have been reported in the literature, trying to evaluate the pros and cons of using liver-humanized mice as novel mouse models to study metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiangbo Ruan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Advanced Models and Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kleandrova VV, Speck-Planche A. The QSAR Paradigm in Fragment-Based Drug Discovery: From the Virtual Generation of Target Inhibitors to Multi-Scale Modeling. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:1357-1374. [PMID: 32013845 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200204123156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fragment-Based Drug Design (FBDD) has established itself as a promising approach in modern drug discovery, accelerating and improving lead optimization, while playing a crucial role in diminishing the high attrition rates at all stages in the drug development process. On the other hand, FBDD has benefited from the application of computational methodologies, where the models derived from the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) have become consolidated tools. This mini-review focuses on the evolution and main applications of the QSAR paradigm in the context of FBDD in the last five years. This report places particular emphasis on the QSAR models derived from fragment-based topological approaches to extract physicochemical and/or structural information, allowing to design potentially novel mono- or multi-target inhibitors from relatively large and heterogeneous databases. Here, we also discuss the need to apply multi-scale modeling, to exemplify how different datasets based on target inhibition can be simultaneously integrated and predicted together with other relevant endpoints such as the biological activity against non-biomolecular targets, as well as in vitro and in vivo toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties. In this context, seminal papers are briefly analyzed. As huge amounts of data continue to accumulate in the domains of the chemical, biological and biomedical sciences, it has become clear that drug discovery must be viewed as a multi-scale optimization process. An ideal multi-scale approach should integrate diverse chemical and biological data and also serve as a knowledge generator, enabling the design of potentially optimal chemicals that may become therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria V Kleandrova
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research of Quality and Technology of Food Production, Moscow State University of Food Production, Volokolamskoe Shosse 11, 125080, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alejandro Speck-Planche
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str., 8, b. 2, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mesalam AA. Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine Development: A Step Forward. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:2014-2016. [PMID: 33038255 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Atef Mesalam
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.,Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sugahara G, Ishida Y, Sun J, Tateno C, Saito T. Art of Making Artificial Liver: Depicting Human Liver Biology and Diseases in Mice. Semin Liver Dis 2020; 40:189-212. [PMID: 32074631 PMCID: PMC8629128 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in both bioengineering and cell biology of the liver led to the establishment of the first-generation humanized liver chimeric mouse (HLCM) model in 2001. The HLCM system was initially developed to satisfy the necessity for a convenient and physiologically representative small animal model for studies of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. Over the last two decades, the HLCM system has substantially evolved in quality, production capacity, and utility, thereby growing its versatility beyond the study of viral hepatitis. Hence, it has been increasingly employed for a variety of applications including, but not limited to, the investigation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics and stem cell biology. To date, more than a dozen distinctive HLCM systems have been established, and each model system has similarities as well as unique characteristics, which are often perplexing for end-users. Thus, this review aims to summarize the history, evolution, advantages, and pitfalls of each model system with the goal of providing comprehensive information that is necessary for researchers to implement the ideal HLCM system for their purposes. Furthermore, this review article summarizes the contribution of HLCM and its derivatives to our mechanistic understanding of various human liver diseases, its potential for novel applications, and its current limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Go Sugahara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,Research & Development Department, PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,Research & Development Department, PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jeffrey Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research & Development Department, PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Quintana ME, Barone LJ, Trotta MV, Turco C, Mansilla FC, Capozzo AV, Cardoso NP. In-vivo Activity of IFN-λ and IFN-α Against Bovine-Viral-Diarrhea Virus in a Mouse Model. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:45. [PMID: 32118067 PMCID: PMC7015039 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine-viral-diarrhea virus (BVDV) can cause significant economic losses in livestock. The disease is controlled with vaccination and bovines are susceptible until vaccine immunity develops and may remain vulnerable if a persistently infected animal is left on the farm; therefore, an antiviral agent that reduces virus infectivity can be a useful tool in control programs. Although many compounds with promising in-vitro efficacy have been identified, the lack of laboratory-animal models limited their potential for further clinical development. Recently, we described the activity of type I and III interferons, IFN-α and IFN-λ respectively, against several BVDV strains in-vitro. In this study, we analyzed the in-vivo efficacy of both IFNs using a BALB/c-mouse model. Mice infected with two type-2 BVDV field strains developed a viremia with different kinetics, depending on the infecting strain's virulence, that persisted for 56 days post-infection (dpi). Mice infected with the low-virulence strain elicited high systemic TNF-α levels at 2 dpi. IFNs were first applied subcutaneously 1 day before or after infection. The two IFNs reduced viremia with different kinetics, depending on whether either one was applied before or after infection. In a second experiment, we increased the number of applications of both IFNs. All the treatments reduced viremia compared to untreated mice. The application of IFN-λ pre- and post-infection reduced viremia over time. This study is the first proof of the concept of the antiviral potency of IFN-λ against BVDV in-vivo, thus encouraging further trails for a potential use of this cytokine in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Quintana
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas José Barone
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myrian Vanesa Trotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Turco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Celeste Mansilla
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Victoria Capozzo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Patricia Cardoso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Hepatocarcinogenesis Following Sustained Virological Response in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100531. [PMID: 30274202 PMCID: PMC6212901 DOI: 10.3390/v10100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents in treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the number of cases of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is expected to increase over the next five years. HCC develops over the span of decades and is closely associated with fibrosis stage. HCV both directly and indirectly establishes a pro-inflammatory environment favorable for viral replication. Repeated cycles of cell death and regeneration lead to genomic instability and loss of cell cycle control. DAA therapy offers >90% sustained virological response (SVR) rates with fewer side effects and restrictions than interferon. While elimination of HCV helps to restore liver function and reverse mild fibrosis, post-SVR patients remain at elevated risk of HCC. A series of studies reporting higher than expected rates of HCC development among DAA-treated patients ignited debate over whether use of DAAs elevates HCC risk compared to interferon. However, recent prospective and retrospective studies based on larger patient cohorts have found no significant difference in risk between DAA and interferon therapy once other factors are taken into account. Although many mechanisms and pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis have been elucidated, our understanding of drivers specific to post-SVR hepatocarcinogenesis is still limited, and lack of suitable in vivo and in vitro experimental systems has hampered efforts to examine etiology-specific mechanisms that might serve to answer this question more thoroughly. Further research is needed to identify risk factors and biomarkers for post-SVR HCC and to develop targeted therapies based on more complete understanding of the molecules and pathways implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramirez S, Bukh J. Current status and future development of infectious cell-culture models for the major genotypes of hepatitis C virus: Essential tools in testing of antivirals and emerging vaccine strategies. Antiviral Res 2018; 158:264-287. [PMID: 30059723 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the relevant scientific advances that led to the development of infectious cell culture systems for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with the corresponding challenges and successes. We also provide an overview of how these systems have contributed to the study of antiviral compounds and their relevance for the development of a much-needed vaccine against this major human pathogen. An efficient infectious system to study HCV in vitro, using human hepatoma derived cells, has only been available since 2005, and was limited to a single isolate, named JFH1, until 2012. Successive developments have been slow and cumbersome, as each available system has been the result of a systematic effort for discovering adaptive mutations conferring culture replication and propagation to patient consensus clones that are inherently non-viable in vitro. High genetic heterogeneity is a paramount characteristic of this virus, and as such, it should preferably be reflected in basic, translational, and clinical studies. The limited number of efficient viral culture systems, in the context of the vast genetic diversity of HCV, continues to represent a major hindrance for the study of this virus, posing a significant barrier towards studies of antivirals (particularly of resistance) and for advancing vaccine development. Intensive research efforts, driven by isolate-specific culture adaptation, have only led to efficient full-length infectious culture systems for a few strains of HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 6. Hence research aimed at identifying novel strategies that will permit universal culture of HCV will be needed to further our understanding of this unique virus causing 400 thousand deaths annually.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santseharay Ramirez
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bukh
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Burm R, Collignon L, Mesalam AA, Meuleman P. Animal Models to Study Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1032. [PMID: 29867998 PMCID: PMC5960670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 71 million chronically infected people, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global health concern. Although new direct acting antivirals have significantly improved the rate of HCV cure, high therapy cost, potential emergence of drug-resistant viral variants, and unavailability of a protective vaccine represent challenges for complete HCV eradication. Relevant animal models are required, and additional development remains necessary, to effectively study HCV biology, virus–host interactions and for the evaluation of new antiviral approaches and prophylactic vaccines. The chimpanzee, the only non-human primate susceptible to experimental HCV infection, has been used extensively to study HCV infection, particularly to analyze the innate and adaptive immune response upon infection. However, financial, practical, and especially ethical constraints have urged the exploration of alternative small animal models. These include different types of transgenic mice, immunodeficient mice of which the liver is engrafted with human hepatocytes (humanized mice) and, more recently, immunocompetent rodents that are susceptible to infection with viruses that are closely related to HCV. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently available animal models that have proven valuable for the study of HCV, and discuss their main benefits and weaknesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rani Burm
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Laura Collignon
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Atef Mesalam
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wagner R, Randolph JT, Patel SV, Nelson L, Matulenko MA, Keddy R, Pratt JK, Liu D, Krueger AC, Donner PL, Hutchinson DK, Flentge C, Betebenner D, Rockway T, Maring CJ, Ng TI, Krishnan P, Pilot-Matias T, Collins C, Panchal N, Reisch T, Dekhtyar T, Mondal R, Stolarik DF, Gao Y, Gao W, Beno DA, Kati WM. Highlights of the Structure-Activity Relationships of Benzimidazole Linked Pyrrolidines Leading to the Discovery of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitor Pibrentasvir (ABT-530). J Med Chem 2018; 61:4052-4066. [PMID: 29653491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Curative interferon and ribavirin sparing treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients require a combination of mechanistically orthogonal direct acting antivirals. A shared component of these treatments is usually an HCV NS5A inhibitor. First generation FDA approved treatments, including the component NS5A inhibitors, do not exhibit equivalent efficacy against HCV virus genotypes 1-6. In particular, these first generation NS5A inhibitors tend to select for viral drug resistance. Ombitasvir is a first generation HCV NS5A inhibitor included as a key component of Viekira Pak for the treatment of patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. Since the launch of next generation HCV treatments, functional cure for genotype 1-6 HCV infections has been achieved, as well as shortened treatment duration across a wider spectrum of genotypes. In this paper, we show how we have modified the anchor, linker, and end-cap architecture of our NS5A inhibitor design template to discover a next generation NS5A inhibitor pibrentasvir (ABT-530), which exhibits potent inhibition of the replication of wild-type genotype 1-6 HCV replicons, as well as improved activity against replicon variants demonstrating resistance against first generation NS5A inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Wagner
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - John T Randolph
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Sachin V Patel
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Lissa Nelson
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Mark A Matulenko
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Ryan Keddy
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - John K Pratt
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Dachun Liu
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - A Chris Krueger
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Pamela L Donner
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Douglas K Hutchinson
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Charles Flentge
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - David Betebenner
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Todd Rockway
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Clarence J Maring
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Teresa I Ng
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Preethi Krishnan
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Tami Pilot-Matias
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Christine Collins
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Neeta Panchal
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Thomas Reisch
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Tatyana Dekhtyar
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Rubina Mondal
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - DeAnne F Stolarik
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Yi Gao
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - David A Beno
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Warren M Kati
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development , AbbVie , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Käser T, Renois F, Wilson HL, Cnudde T, Gerdts V, Dillon JAR, Jungersen G, Agerholm JS, Meurens F. Contribution of the swine model in the study of human sexually transmitted infections. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 66:346-360. [PMID: 29175001 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pig has garnered more and more interest as a model animal to study various conditions in humans. The growing success of the pig as an experimental animal model is explained by its similarities with humans in terms of anatomy, genetics, immunology, and physiology, by their manageable behavior and size, and by the general public acceptance of using pigs for experimental purposes. In addition, the immunological toolbox of pigs has grown substantially in the last decade. This development led to a boost in the use of pigs as a preclinical model for various human infections including sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) like Chlamydia trachomatis. In the current review, we discuss the use of animal models for biomedical research on the major human STIs. We summarize results obtained in the most common animal models and focus on the contributions of the pig model towards the understanding of pathogenesis and the host immune response. In addition, we present the main features of the porcine model that are particularly relevant for the study of pathogens affecting human female and male genital tracts. We also inform on the technological advancements in the porcine toolbox to facilitate new discoveries in this biologically important animal model. There is a continued need for improvements in animal modeling for biomedical research inclusive STI research. With all its advantages and the highly improved toolbox, the porcine model can play a crucial role in STI research and open the door to new exciting discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, 27607 Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Fanny Renois
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR INRA 1329, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Thomas Cnudde
- BIOMAP, Laboratoire Biomédicaments Anti-Parasitaires, ISP, UMR INRA 1282, Université Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne R Dillon
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gregers Jungersen
- Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen S Agerholm
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Development and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody targeting the N-terminal region of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein E1. Virology 2017; 514:30-41. [PMID: 29128754 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope have been raised mainly against envelope protein 2 (E2), while the antigenic epitopes of envelope protein 1 (E1) are not fully identified. Here we describe the detailed characterization of a human mAb, designated A6, generated from an HCV genotype 1b infected patient. ELISA results showed reactivity of mAb A6 to full-length HCV E1E2 of genotypes 1a, 1b and 2a. Epitope mapping identified a region spanning amino acids 230-239 within the N-terminal region of E1 as critical for binding. Antibody binding to this epitope was not conformation dependent. Neutralization assays showed that mAb A6 lacks neutralizing capacity and does not interfere with the activity of known neutralizing antibodies. In summary, mAb A6 is an important tool to study the structure and function of E1 within the viral envelope, a crucial step in the development of an effective prophylactic HCV vaccine.
Collapse
|
12
|
Desombere I, Mesalam AA, Urbanowicz RA, Van Houtte F, Verhoye L, Keck ZY, Farhoudi A, Vercauteren K, Weening KE, Baumert TF, Patel AH, Foung SKH, Ball J, Leroux-Roels G, Meuleman P. A novel neutralizing human monoclonal antibody broadly abrogates hepatitis C virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2017; 148:53-64. [PMID: 29074219 PMCID: PMC5785094 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) represent a worldwide health burden and a prophylactic vaccine is still not available. Liver transplantation (LT) is often the only option for patients with HCV-induced end-stage liver disease. However, immediately after transplantation, the liver graft becomes infected by circulating virus, resulting in accelerated progression of liver disease. Although the efficacy of HCV treatment using direct-acting antivirals has improved significantly, immune compromised LT-patients and patients with advanced liver disease remain difficult to treat. As an alternative approach, interfering with viral entry could prevent infection of the donor liver. We generated a human monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated 2A5, which targets the HCV envelope. The neutralizing activity of mAb 2A5 was assessed using multiple prototype and patient-derived HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp), cell culture produced HCV (HCVcc), and a human-liver chimeric mouse model. Neutralization levels observed for mAb 2A5 were generally high and mostly superior to those obtained with AP33, a well-characterized HCV-neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Using humanized mice, complete protection was observed after genotype 1a and 4a HCV challenge, while only partial protection was achieved using gt1b and 6a isolates. Epitope mapping revealed that mAb 2A5 binding is conformation-dependent and identified the E2-region spanning amino acids 434 to 446 (epitope II) as the predominant contact domain. CONCLUSION mAb 2A5 shows potent anti-HCV neutralizing activity both in vitro and in vivo and could hence represent a valuable candidate to prevent HCV recurrence in LT-patients. In addition, the detailed identification of the neutralizing epitope can be applied for the design of prophylactic HCV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Desombere
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ahmed Atef Mesalam
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Richard A Urbanowicz
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Freya Van Houtte
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Verhoye
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Zhen-Yong Keck
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Ali Farhoudi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Vercauteren
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Karin E Weening
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg et Pole Hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Arvind H Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Steven K H Foung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Ball
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Speck-Planche A, Dias Soeiro Cordeiro MN. Speeding up Early Drug Discovery in Antiviral Research: A Fragment-Based in Silico Approach for the Design of Virtual Anti-Hepatitis C Leads. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:501-512. [PMID: 28437091 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C constitutes an unresolved global health problem. This infectious disease is caused by the hepatotropic hepatitis C virus (HCV), and it can lead to the occurrence of life-threatening medical conditions, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Nowadays, major clinical concerns have arisen because of the appearance of multidrug resistance (MDR) and the side effects especially associated with long-term treatments. In this work, we report the first multitasking model for quantitative structure-biological effect relationships (mtk-QSBER), focused on the simultaneous exploration of anti-HCV activity and in vitro safety profiles related to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity (ADMET). The mtk-QSBER model was created from a data set formed by 40 158 cases, displaying accuracy higher than 95% in both training and prediction (test) sets. Several molecular fragments were selected, and their quantitative contributions to anti-HCV activity and ADMET profiles were calculated. By combining the analysis of the fragments with positive contributions and the physicochemical meanings of the different molecular descriptors in the mtk-QSBER, six new molecules were designed. These new molecules were predicted to exhibit potent anti-HCV activity and desirable in vitro ADMET properties. In addition, the designed molecules have good druglikeness according to the Lipinski's rule of five and its variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Speck-Planche
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li YH, Wu ZY, Tang S, Zhang X, Wang YX, Jiang JD, Peng ZG, Song DQ. Evolution of matrinic ethanol derivatives as anti-HCV agents from matrine skeleton. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1962-1966. [PMID: 28320615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two novel 12N-substituted matrinic ethanol derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities against HCV taking compound 1 as the lead. The SAR study indicated that the shortening of the 11-butyl chain to ethyl chain did not affect the activity significantly. Out of the target compounds, matrinic ethanol 6a demonstrated a potential anti-HCV effect with an EC50 value of 3.2μM and a SI value of 96.6. The free hydroxyl arm in 6a made it possible as a parent structure to prepare pro-drug for the potential application in HCV treatment. This study provided powerful information on further strategic optimization and development of this kind of compounds into a novel family of anti-HCV agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhou-Yi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan-Xiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Dan-Qing Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Colpitts CC, Baumert TF. Addressing the Challenges of Hepatitis C Virus Resistance and Treatment Failure. Viruses 2016; 8:v8080226. [PMID: 27537906 PMCID: PMC4997588 DOI: 10.3390/v8080226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C is a major cause of chronic liver disease, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) revolutionized hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment by offering genuine prospects for the first comprehensive cure of a chronic viral infection in humans. While antiviral resistance is a significant limitation for interferon-based therapies, resistance and treatment failure still appear to be present in a small fraction of patients even in state-of-the-art DAA combination therapies. Therefore, treatment failure and resistance still remain a clinical challenge for the management of patients not responding to DAAs. In this special issue of Viruses on HCV drug resistance, mechanisms of antiviral resistance for different classes of antiviral drugs are described. Furthermore, the detection and monitoring of resistance in clinical practice, the clinical impact of resistance in different patient groups and strategies to prevent and address resistance and treatment failure using complementary antiviral strategies are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che C Colpitts
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Inserm, U1110, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Inserm, U1110, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-Digestif, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|