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Lotfi MS, Rassouli FB. Natural Flavonoid Apigenin, an Effective Agent Against Nervous System Cancers. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03917-y. [PMID: 38206472 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious public health concern worldwide, and nervous system (NS) cancers are among the most life-threatening malignancies. Efforts have been devoted to introduce natural anticancer agents with minimal side effects. Apigenin is an edible flavonoid that is abundantly found in many vegetables and fruits. Various pharmaceutical activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects have been reported for apigenin. This review provides insights into the therapeutic effects of apigenin and flavonoids with similar structure on glioblastoma and neuroblastoma. Current evidence indicates that apigenin has the unique ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neurogenic, and neuroprotective effects have made this flavonoid a great option for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Meanwhile, apigenin has low toxicity on normal neuronal cells, while induces cytotoxicity on NS cancer cells via triggering several signal pathways and molecular targets. Anticancer effects of apigenin have been contributed to various mechanisms such as induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibition of migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Although apigenin is a promising pharmaceutical agent, its low bioavailability is an important issue that must be solved before introducing to clinic. Recently, nano-delivery of apigenin by liposomes and poly lactic-co-glycolide nanoparticles has greatly improved functionality of this agent. Hence, investigating pharmaceutical effects of apigenin-loaded nanocarriers on NS cancer cell lines and animal models is recommended for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Sadegh Lotfi
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh B Rassouli
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Shahwan M, Anwar S, Yadav DK, Khan MS, Shamsi A. Experimental and Computational Insights into the Molecular Interactions between Human Transferrin and Apigenin: Implications of Natural Compounds in Targeting Neuroinflammation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46967-46976. [PMID: 38107922 PMCID: PMC10719914 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and other neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Presently, only symptomatic treatments are available and no disease-modifying drugs are available for AD and other NDs. Thus, targeting AD-associated neuroinflammation with anti-inflammatory compounds and antioxidants has recently been given much focus. Now, flavonoids are being increasingly investigated as therapeutic agents to treat inflammation; apigenin has a neuroprotective effect. Iron dyshomeostasis plays a key role in sustaining the neuroinflammatory phenotype, highlighting the importance of maintaining iron balance, in which human transferrin (HTF) plays a vital role in this aspect. Herein, we explored the binding and dynamics of the HTF-apigenin complex using multifaceted computational and experimental approaches. Molecular docking revealed that apigenin occupies the iron-binding pocket of HTF, forming hydrogen bonds with critical residues Arg475 and Thr686. Molecular dynamics simulations deciphered a dynamic view of the HTF-apigenin complex's behavior (300 ns) and suggested that the complex maintained a relatively stable conformation. The results of spectroscopic observations delineated significant binding of apigenin with HTF and stable HTF-apigenin complex formation. The observed binding mechanism and conformational stability could pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies to target neuroinflammation by apigenin in the context of iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyad Shahwan
- Center
for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College
of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine
and Science, Incheon 21565, Republic
of Korea
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Science, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center
for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab
Emirates
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3
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Nascimento RP, Dos Santos BL, da Silva KC, Amaral da Silva VD, de Fátima Costa M, David JM, David JP, Moura-Neto V, Oliveira MDN, Ulrich H, de Faria Lopes GP, Costa SL. Reverted effect of mesenchymal stem cells in glioblastoma treated with agathisflavone and its selective antitumoral effect on cell viability, migration, and differentiation via STAT3. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:5022-5035. [PMID: 33368262 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal tumor of the central nervous system, presenting a very poor prognostic, with a survival around 16 months. The interaction of mesenchymal stem cells and tumor cells has been studied, showing a bias in their role favoring or going against aggressiveness. Natural products such as flavonoids have showed their anticancer properties and the synergic potential with the activation of microenvironment cells to inhibit tumor progression. Agathisflavone is a flavonoid studied in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The present study investigated the effect of flavonoid in the viability of heterogeneous glioblastoma (GBM) cells considering a coculture or conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) effect, as well as the dose-dependent effect of this flavonoid in tumor migration and differentiation via STAT3. Agathisflavone (3-10 μM) induced dose-dependent toxicity to GL-15 and U373 human GBM cells, since 24 h after treatments. It was not toxic to human MSC but modified the pattern of interaction with GBM cells. Agathisflavone also inhibited migration and increased differentiation of human GBM cells, associated with the reduction on the expression of STAT3. These results demonstrate that the flavonoid agathisflavone had a direct anti-glioma effect. However, could be observed its effect in MSCs response that may have an impact in controlling GBM growth and aggressiveness, an important factor to consider for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravena P Nascimento
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Balbino L Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Karina C da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Victor D Amaral da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,INCT/CNPq-Neurociência Translacional (INNT), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,INCT/CNPq-Neurociência Translacional (INNT), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge M David
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juceni P David
- Department of Medication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- INCT/CNPq-Neurociência Translacional (INNT), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,State Institute of the Brain Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mona das N Oliveira
- Department Of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department Of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle P de Faria Lopes
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Sea Studies Admiral Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Rio de Janeiro and Research Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia L Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,INCT/CNPq-Neurociência Translacional (INNT), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Dourado NS, Souza CDS, de Almeida MMA, Bispo da Silva A, Dos Santos BL, Silva VDA, De Assis AM, da Silva JS, Souza DO, Costa MDFD, Butt AM, Costa SL. Neuroimmunomodulatory and Neuroprotective Effects of the Flavonoid Apigenin in in vitro Models of Neuroinflammation Associated With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:119. [PMID: 32499693 PMCID: PMC7243840 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) are characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of neurons. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most incident age-related ND, in which the presence of a chronic inflammatory compound seems to be related to its pathogenesis. Different stimuli in the central nervous system (CNS) can induce activation, proliferation, and changes in phenotype and glial function, which can be modulated by anti-inflammatory agents. Apigenin (4,5,7–trihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid found in abundance in many fruits and vegetables, that has shown important effects upon controlling the inflammatory response. This study evaluated the neuroprotective and neuroimmunomodulatory potential of apigenin using in vitro models of neuroinflammation associated with AD. Co-cultures of neurons and glial cells were obtained from the cortex of newborn and embryonic Wistar rats. After 26 days in vitro, cultures were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 μg/ml), or IL-1β (10 ng/ml) for 24 h, or to Aβ oligomers (500 nM) for 4 h, and then treated with apigenin (1 μM) for further 24 h. It was observed that the treatment with apigenin preserved neurons and astrocytes integrity, determined by Rosenfeld’s staining and immunocytochemistry for β-tubulin III and GFAP, respectively. Moreover, it was observed by Fluoro-Jade-B and caspase-3 immunostaining that apigenin was not neurotoxic and has a neuroprotective effect against inflammatory damage. Additionally, apigenin reduced microglial activation, characterized by inhibition of proliferation (BrdU+ cells) and modulation of microglia morphology (Iba-1 + cells), and decreased the expression of the M1 inflammatory marker CD68. Moreover, as determined by RT-qPCR, inflammatory stimuli induced by IL-1β increased the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and CCL5, and decreased the mRNA expression of IL-10. Contrary, after treatment with apigenin in inflammatory stimuli (IL-1β or LPS) there was a modulation of the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, and reduced expression of OX42, IL-6 and gp130. Moreover, apigenin alone and after an inflammatory stimulus with IL-1β also induced the increase in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an effect that may be associated with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Together these data demonstrate that apigenin presents neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and might represent an important neuroimmunomodulatory agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Silva Dourado
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Marylin Alves de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bispo da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Balbino Lino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,College of Nursing, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,INCT for Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection (INCT-EN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriano Martimbianco De Assis
- INCT for Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection (INCT-EN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPEL), Pelotas, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jussemara Souza da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- INCT for Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection (INCT-EN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT)-Translational Neuroscience (INCT-TN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arthur Morgan Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,INCT for Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection (INCT-EN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT)-Translational Neuroscience (INCT-TN, BR), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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5
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Boruczkowski D, Pujal JM, Zdolińska-Malinowska I. Autologous cord blood in children with cerebral palsy: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2433. [PMID: 31100943 PMCID: PMC6566649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review is to report on the current knowledge regarding the clinical use of umbilical cord blood (CB) based on articles from PubMed and clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that CB may be used for both early diagnostics and treatment of cerebral palsy. The acidity of CB and its biochemical parameters, including dozens of cytokines, growth factors, and other metabolites (such as amino acids, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, succinate, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and O-phosphocholine) are predictors of future neurodevelopment. In addition, several clinical studies confirmed the safety and efficacy of CB administration in both autologous and allogeneic models, including a meta-analysis of five clinical trials involving a total of 328 participants. Currently, nine clinical trials assessing the use of autologous umbilical CB in children diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy or cerebral palsy are in progress. The total population assessed in these trials exceeds 2500 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Boruczkowski
- Polski Bank Komórek Macierzystych S.A. (FamiCord Group), Jana Pawła II 29, 00-867 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Josep-Maria Pujal
- Sevibe Cells, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la UdG, C/Pic de Peguera No. 11, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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Dos Santos Souza C, Grangeiro MS, Lima Pereira EP, Dos Santos CC, da Silva AB, Sampaio GP, Ribeiro Figueiredo DD, David JM, David JP, da Silva VDA, Butt AM, Lima Costa S. Agathisflavone, a flavonoid derived from Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.), enhances neuronal population and protects against glutamate excitotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2018; 65:85-97. [PMID: 29425760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are bioactive compounds that are known to be neuroprotective against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, one of the major causes of neurodegeneration. The mechanisms underlying these effects are unresolved, but recent evidence indicates flavonoids may modulate estrogen signaling, which can delay the onset and ameliorate the severity of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the roles played by glial cells in the neuroprotective effects of flavonoids are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the flavonoid agathisflavone (FAB) in primary neuron-glial co-cultures from postnatal rat cerebral cortex. Compared to controls, treatment with FAB significantly increased the number of neuronal progenitors and mature neurons, without increasing astrocytes or microglia. These pro-neuronal effects of FAB were suppressed by antagonists of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). In addition, treatment with FAB significantly reduced cell death induced by glutamate and this was associated with reduced expression levels of pro-inflammatory (M1) microglial cytokines, including TNFα, IL1β and IL6, which are associated with neurotoxicity, and increased expression of IL10 and Arginase 1, which are associated with anti-inflammatory (M2) neuroprotective microglia. We also observed that FAB increased neuroprotective trophic factors, such as BDNF, NGF, NT4 and GDNF. The neuroprotective effects of FAB were also associated with increased expression of glutamate regulatory proteins in astrocytes, namely glutamine synthetase (GS) and Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1). These findings indicate that FAB acting via estrogen signaling stimulates production of neurons in vitro and enhances the neuroprotective properties of microglia and astrocytes to significantly ameliorate glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Socorro Grangeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Erica Patricia Lima Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Creusa Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bispo da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Pedral Sampaio
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juceni Pereira David
- Departament of Medication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Arthur Morgan Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil.
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Bakhtiari M, Panahi Y, Ameli J, Darvishi B. Protective effects of flavonoids against Alzheimer's disease-related neural dysfunctions. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [PMID: 28641164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senile ages of human life is mostly associated with developmental of several neurological complicated conditions including decreased cognition and reasoning, increased memory loss and impaired language performance. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neural disorder associated with dementia, consisting of about 70% of dementia reported cases. Failure of currently approved chemical anti-AD therapeutic agents has once again brought up the idea of administering naturally occurring compounds as effective alternative and/or complementary regimens in AD treatment. Polyphenol structured neuroprotecting agents are group of biologically active compounds abundantly found in plants with significant protecting effects against neural injuries and degeneration. As a subclass of this family, Flavonoids are potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and signalling pathways modulatory agents. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are both affected by Flavonoids. Regulation of pro-survival transcription factors and induction of specific genes expression in hippocampus are other important anti AD therapeutic activities of Flavonoids. These agents are also capable of inhibiting specific enzymes involved in phosphorylation of tau proteins including β-secretases, cyclin dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase. Other significant anti AD effects of Flavonoids include neural rehabilitation and lost cognitive performance recovery. In this review, first we briefly describe the pathophysiology and important pathways involved in pathology of AD and then describe the most important mechanisms through which Flavonoids demonstrate their significant neuroprotective effects in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Bakhtiari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, IAUPS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baghiatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ameli
- Department of Neurology, Baghiatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Soleimani T, Falsafi N, Fallahi H. Dissection of Regulatory Elements During Direct Conversion of Somatic Cells Into Neurons. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3158-3170. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Soleimani
- Bioinformatics LabDepartment of BiologySchool of SciencesRazi UniversityKermanshahIran
| | - Nafiseh Falsafi
- Bioinformatics LabDepartment of BiologySchool of SciencesRazi UniversityKermanshahIran
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Bioinformatics LabDepartment of BiologySchool of SciencesRazi UniversityKermanshahIran
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Impact of Plant-Derived Flavonoids on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:41-52. [PMID: 26951456 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders have a common characteristic that is the involvement of different cell types, typically the reactivity of astrocytes and microglia, characterizing gliosis, which in turn contributes to the neuronal dysfunction and or death. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites of plant origin widely investigated at present and represent one of the most important and diversified among natural products phenolic groups. Several biological activities are attributed to this class of polyphenols, such as antitumor activity, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory, among others, which give significant pharmacological importance. Our group have observed that flavonoids derived from Brazilian plants Dimorphandra mollis Bent., Croton betulaster Müll. Arg., e Poincianella pyramidalis Tul., botanical synonymous Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. also elicit a broad spectrum of responses in astrocytes and neurons in culture as activation of astrocytes and microglia, astrocyte associated protection of neuronal progenitor cells, neuronal differentiation and neuritogenesis. It was observed the flavonoids also induced neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells and human pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, with the objective of seeking preclinical pharmacological evidence of these molecules, in order to assess its future use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, we have evaluated the effects of flavonoids in preclinical in vitro models of neuroinflammation associated with Parkinson's disease and glutamate toxicity associated with ischemia. In particular, our efforts have been directed to identify mechanisms involved in the changes in viability, morphology, and glial cell function induced by flavonoids in cultures of glial cells and neuronal cells alone or in interactions and clarify the relation with their neuroprotective and morphogetic effects.
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