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Isobel S. Trauma and the perinatal period: A review of the theory and practice of trauma-sensitive interactions for nurses and midwives. Nurs Open 2023; 10:7585-7595. [PMID: 37775971 PMCID: PMC10643851 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM With high rates of trauma in the population, known links between trauma and perinatal distress, and the intimate and close nature of the nursing and midwifery roles, ensuring awareness and understandings of trauma is crucial for guiding practice. This paper aims to explore the relationship of trauma to the perinatal period, based on theory and practice, to consider on how nurses and midwives can deliver trauma-sensitive interactions. DESIGN AND METHODS This discursive discussion draws on relevant research from the fields of trauma therapy, attachment theory and nursing and midwifery practice to consider elements of trauma-sensitive practice in the perinatal period. RESULTS Nurses and midwives can foster safety for people who have experienced trauma through noticing and responding to triggers, supporting awareness of attachment and its relationships to trauma, undertaking psychosocial screening with care, supporting linearity and cohesion in narratives and developing collaborative care plans that maximise safety and agency. For nurses and midwives, understandings of the relationship between trauma, pregnancy, birth, early parenting and distress is crucial for effective care delivery. Delivering perinatal nursing or midwifery care of any kind, without universal trauma precautions risks reinforcing, misinterpreting or re-enacting dynamics of trauma. To be trauma-sensitive in this period requires nurses and midwives to have awareness of the dynamics of trauma in relation to pregnancy, birth and attachment. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE This paper fills a gap in the translation of theory to practice for trauma-sensitive care in the perinatal period, with a focus on the therapeutic relationship formed by nurses and midwives. The findings highlight that nurses and midwives can foster safety for people who have experienced trauma within their practice, when they hold a robust understanding of the relationship between trauma, pregnancy, birth, early parenting and distress. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Isobel
- University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Perinatal Mental Health, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Kavanagh E, Kinsella E, Ryan P. The Lived Experiences of Female Relatives of Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) Offenders in Ireland and the United Kingdom. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2023; 32:940-962. [PMID: 37927236 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2023.2274888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a limited understanding about how an association with those that download Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM), a highly stigmatized crime, impacts the lives of their innocent family members. Non-offending family members are often considered a valuable protective resource for offender desistance and in safeguarding children from abuse. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the lived experiences of female family members of CSAM offenders in Ireland and the United Kingdom to both identify and target areas for intervention thus ameliorating their ability to protect. A qualitative research design was adopted, and data analyzed via reflexive thematic analysis. Fifteen individuals self-selected for participation and interviews resulted in the identification of three key themes: Shattered Worldview, The Injured Self; Contamination by Association. The analysis highlighted how non-offending family members experienced considerable shame, trauma, and stigma with consequences that reached into every aspect of their lives. The findings are discussed in the context of the limited available literature along with research implications and recommendations for both policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Kavanagh
- Department of Justice in Ireland, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Schmitt S, Robjant K, Koebach A. When reintegration fails: Stigmatization drives the ongoing violence of ex-combatants in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02156. [PMID: 33942549 PMCID: PMC8213920 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reintegration of ex-combatants involves multiple challenges. In addition to the trauma-related psychological sequelae, social obstacles in the community can aggravate psychopathological aggressive tendencies and lead to the continuation of violence in civilian life. However, the association between others' negative attitudes and ex-combatants' ongoing perpetration of violence remains largely unexplored. Between September 2018 and May 2019, we assessed a representative community sample of adults in Eastern DR Congo (N = 1,058) and measured trauma exposure, perpetration, mental health problems (PTSD, depression, and appetitive aggression), perceived stigma (shame, perceived lack of social acknowledgement), experienced stigma, and skepticism toward reintegration with ex-combatants. Male ex-combatants (12%, n = 129) had more past trauma and violence perpetration than other community members and a greater number of recent conflicts (including both victimization and perpetration) within the community and with strangers/organized violence. They reported more experienced stigma, more severe PTSD symptoms but were less skeptical about reintegration. Ex-combatants' ongoing violence was predicted by an interplay of the community's skepticism toward reintegration and ex-combatants' perceived and recently experienced stigma (often attributed to the armed group history) and mental health problems, in addition to lifetime traumatization. These findings promote the need for combined interventions that address individual mental health problems including aggression and collective discriminatory attitudes and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schmitt
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Non‐Governmental Organization Vivo InternationalKonstanzGermany
| | - Katy Robjant
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Non‐Governmental Organization Vivo InternationalKonstanzGermany
| | - Anke Koebach
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Non‐Governmental Organization Vivo InternationalKonstanzGermany
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Olff M, Amstadter A, Armour C, Birkeland MS, Bui E, Cloitre M, Ehlers A, Ford JD, Greene T, Hansen M, Lanius R, Roberts N, Rosner R, Thoresen S. A decennial review of psychotraumatology: what did we learn and where are we going? Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1672948. [PMID: 31897268 PMCID: PMC6924542 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1672948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
On 6 December 2019 we start the 10th year of the European Journal of Psychotraumatogy (EJPT), a full Open Access journal on psychotrauma. This editorial is part of a special issue/collection celebrating the 10 years anniversary of the journal where we will acknowledge some of our most impactful articles of the past decade (also discussed below and marked with * in the reference list). In this editorial the editors present a decennial review of the field addressing a range of topics that are core to both the journal and to psychotraumatology as a discipline. These include neurobiological developments (genomics, neuroimaging and neuroendocrine research), forms of trauma exposure and impact across the lifespan, mass trauma and early interventions, work-related trauma, trauma in refugee populations, and the potential consequences of trauma such as PTSD or Complex PTSD, but also resilience. We address innovations in psychological, medication (enhanced) and technology-assisted treatments, mediators and moderators like social support and finally how new research methods help us to gain insights in symptom structures or to better predict symptom development or treatment success. We aimed to answer three questions 1. Where did we stand in 2010? 2. What did we learn in the past 10 years? 3. What are our knowledge gaps? We conclude with a number of recommendations concerning top priorities for the future direction of the field of psychotraumatology and correspondingly the journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam
University Medical Centers (location AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma
Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Ananda Amstadter
- Departemnts of Psychiatry, Psychology, &
Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
USA
| | - Cherie Armour
- School of Psychology, Queens University
Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marianne S. Birkeland
- Section for implementation and treatment
research, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo
Norway
| | - Eric Bui
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts
General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and
Training Division, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Anke Ehlers
- Department of Experimental Psychology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian D. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | - Talya Greene
- Department of Community Mental Health,
University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maj Hansen
- Department of Psychology,
Odense, Denmark
| | - Ruth Lanius
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Research
Unit, Western University of Canada, London, ON,
Canada
| | - Neil Roberts
- Psychology and Psychological Therapies
Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff,
UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine &
Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff,
UK
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Clinical and Biological
Psychology, KU Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett,
Germany
| | - Siri Thoresen
- Section for trauma, catastrophes and forced
migration – children and youth, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress
Studies, Oslo, Norway
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Chesham B, Dawber C. The "All of Us" study - Non-clinical staff members' experience of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in acute care settings. Australas Emerg Care 2019; 22:243-248. [PMID: 31405626 DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A multitude of Australian hospitals use non-clinical staff to assist with chest compressions and ancillary duties during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Whilst few studies have focused on psychological implications for non-clinical staff, research into other groups indicates that a lack of attention to psychological support may adversely impact individual wellbeing, team functioning and clinical performance. The aim of this study was to explore how non-clinical workers were psychologically affected during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and factors that might mitigate adverse psychological effects. METHODS This study utilised a qualitative descriptive methodology involving semi-structured, face to face interviews to investigate the experiences of non-clinical staff involved in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and a validated Post Traumatic Stress rating scale. RESULTS The study found that all 12 participants had experienced critical incident stress symptoms following their involvement in resuscitation attempts, though only one had ongoing evidence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Participants felt that they needed more psychological preparation and that post-incident debriefs had been helpful but inconsistently provided and facilitated. Peer support was seen as the most significant factor in mitigating the psychological impact of critical incidents. CONCLUSION This study shows that the development and formalisation of peer support networks for non-clinical health staff warrants serious consideration. The study also indicates that non-clinical members of resuscitation teams may benefit from more psychological preparation and support with self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Chesham
- Emergency Department, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, 6 Doherty Street, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia
| | - Christopher Dawber
- Ma Mental Health Nursing, Consultation Liaison - Mental Health and Addiction Services, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, 6 Doherty Street, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia
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Schäfer I, Hopchet M, Vandamme N, Ajdukovic D, El-Hage W, Egreteau L, Javakhishvili JD, Makhashvili N, Lampe A, Ardino V, Kazlauskas E, Mouthaan J, Sijbrandij M, Dragan M, Lis-Turlejska M, Figueiredo-Braga M, Sales L, Arnberg F, Nazarenko T, Nalyvaiko N, Armour C, Murphy D. Trauma and trauma care in Europe. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2018; 9:1556553. [PMID: 30637092 PMCID: PMC6319458 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1556553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The European countries have a long history of exposure to large-scale trauma. In the early 1990s the increasing awareness of the consequences of trauma within the mental health community led to the foundation of local societies for psychotraumatology across Europe and the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS), which celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2018. The focus of this article is to describe the current state of care for survivors of trauma in the 15 European countries where ESTSS member societies have been established. Brief descriptions on the historical burden of trauma in each country are followed by an overview of the care system for trauma survivors in the countries, the state-of-the-art of interventions, current challenges in caring for survivors and the topics that need to be most urgently addressed in the future. The reports from the different countries demonstrate how important steps towards a better provision of care for survivors of trauma have been made in Europe. Given the cultural and economic diversity of the continent, there are also differences between the European countries, for instance with regard to the use of evidence-based treatments. Strategies to overcome these differences, like the new ESTSS training curricula for care-providers across Europe, are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Naomi Vandamme
- Belgian Institute for Psychotraumatology, Trauma Center Limburg, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Dean Ajdukovic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, CHRU de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Laurine Egreteau
- Laurine Egreteau, CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Astrid Lampe
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vittoria Ardino
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo, Urbino University, Urbino, Italy
| | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Joanne Mouthaan
- Department Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maja Lis-Turlejska
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Social Studies (CES) of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Sales
- Department of Psychiatry of the Military Hospital of Coimbra, Centre of Trauma (CES) of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filip Arnberg
- National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tetiana Nazarenko
- Non-Governmental organization ‘Ukrainian Society of Overcoming the Consequences of Traumatic Events’ (USOCTE), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Nalyvaiko
- International Institute of Depth Psychology, Non-Governmental organization ‘Ukrainian Society of Overcoming the Consequences of Traumatic Events’ (USOCTE), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Cherie Armour
- School of Psychology, Institute of Mental Health Sciences, Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Dominic Murphy
- Research Department, Combat Stress, Leatherhead, UK & King’s Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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McKeown S, Taylor LK. Intergroup contact and peacebuilding: Promoting youth civic engagement in Northern Ireland. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.v5i2.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Focusing on the post-accord generation in Northern Ireland, this study aimed to examine the role of intergroup contact in promoting support for peacebuilding and youth civic engagement. The sample comprised 466 youth (aged 14-15; 51% Catholic, 49% Protestant) who were born after the 1998 Good Friday/Belfast Agreement and therefore represent a ‘post-accord’ generation. Recruited through their schools, youth completed scales on intergroup contact (quality and quantity), support for peacebuilding, and civic engagement. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling and bootstrapped mediation in MPlus. Results found that support for peacebuilding partially mediated the association between higher quality and higher quantity contact and greater civic engagement (volunteering and political participation). Findings demonstrate that youth who are living with the legacy of protracted intergroup conflict can support peacebuilding and engage in constructive behaviours such as civic engagement. By recognising the peacebuilding potential of youth, especially in a post-accord generation, the findings may inform how to promote youth civic engagement and social reconstruction after conflict.
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