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Roland A, Windal M, Briganti G, Kornreich C, Mairesse O. Intensity and Network Structure of Insomnia Symptoms and the Role of Mental Health During the First Two Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:1003-1017. [PMID: 38059205 PMCID: PMC10697149 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s432944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Insomnia, being a mental disorder, is best conceived as a network of symptoms. With the important increase in insomnia prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic, our aim was to investigate how the structure of insomnia symptoms in the general population has changed due to the pandemic. We also looked at the directional dependencies of nightmares and of covid- and lockdown-related stress/anxiety and depression in insomnia. Patients and Methods 5986 persons replied to our online questionnaire for the first wave and 2843 persons to our second wave questionnaire. Both questionnaires included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Regularized Gaussian Graphical Models (GGM) and Bayesian Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) were estimated. Results The pre- and peri-lockdown networks were equally strongly connected (first wave: S = 0.13, p = 0.39; second wave: S = 0.03, p = 0.67), but differed for the first lockdown regarding only six edges (M = 0.13, p < 0.001) and for the second lockdown only five edges (M = 0.16, p < 0.001). These symptoms all worsened during the lockdowns in comparison to before the pandemic (p < 0.001). The diurnal items of the ISI had the highest predictability and centrality values in the GGMs. Lockdown-related stress/anxiety influenced indirectly nightmares through covid-related stress/anxiety, lockdown-related depressive affect and mental fatigue. These reported feelings of stress/anxiety and depression showed an indirect impact on insomnia symptoms through mental and physical fatigue. Conclusion Though the lockdown slightly intensified insomnia symptoms, it did not alter their network structure. Despite their differences, both GGMs and DAGs agree that the diurnal symptoms of the ISI, play an essential role in the network structure. Both methods confirm the need for emphasizing the cognitive/affective component in the treatment of insomnia (ie cognitive behavioral therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Roland
- Brain, Body and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels University Consultation Center, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Windal
- Brain, Body and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Briganti
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Addictologie, CHU/UVC Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Addictologie, CHU/UVC Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Mairesse
- Brain, Body and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels University Consultation Center, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Addictologie, CHU/UVC Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
- Vital Signs and PERformance Monitoring (VIPER), LIFE Department, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
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Keskin G, Gümüşsoy S, Taşdemir Yiğitoğlu G. Spouses' coping with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a difference between male and female attitudes? Women Health 2023; 63:801-817. [PMID: 37876322 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2023.2272205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
This descriptive study was conducted to determine the stress-coping status of spouses and the difference between male and female attitudes during the pandemic period. We collected data with the Personal Information Form and the Scale for Coping with Family Stressors from 533 participants. The mean age of women and men was 36.04 ± 10.04 and 37.13 ± 11.56, respectively. A significant difference in verbalizing with others, work - family segmentation, cognitive restructuring, changing behaviors, emotional disclosure, exercise, and spending more time with family was found between women and men (p < .05). A significant difference was also observed in coping mechanisms with family stressors between women and men, and thus, gender affects their coping attitudes. During crises such as pandemics, the community should be aware of the availability of mental health professionals, and spouses should also use effective coping methods with family stress at regular intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülseren Keskin
- Ege University Atatürk Medical Vocational Training School, İzmír, Turkey
| | - Süreyya Gümüşsoy
- Ege University Atatürk Medical Vocational Training School, İzmír, Turkey
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Mahmood QK, Jalil A, Farooq M, Akbar MS, Fischer F. Development and validation of the Post-Pandemic Fear of Viral Disease scale and its relationship with general anxiety disorder: a cross-sectional survey from Pakistan. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1739. [PMID: 37674186 PMCID: PMC10483759 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the worldwide reach of COVID-19, media coverage has amplified the psychological and social effects of this pandemic causing a widespread fear. Despite substantial research on the short-term psychological impact of COVID-19, its long-term consequences on mental health remain relatively unexplored. This research aims to develop and validate a Post-Pandemic Fear of Viral Disease (PPFVD) scale and to see its relationship with general anxiety disorder among the Pakistani population. METHODS A cross-sectional online-based survey was conducted with 457 respondents in August and September 2022. We adopted the modified fear of coronavirus scale (FCV-19 S) consisting of seven items and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) questionnaire to measure anxiety disorder. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied using the maximum likelihood estimation method. Scale dimensions and item reliability were tested for their validity and goodness of fit. SPSS and AMOS were used for data management and analyses. RESULTS All inter-item correlations were found to be significant and ranged between 0.30 and 0.70. The value of Cronbach's alpha was 0.887, indicating good reliability. Corrected item-total correlations ranged between 0.632 and 0.754. Factor loadings ranged from 0.664 to 0.810, indicating a good internal consistency. Overall, these results clearly demonstrate that the one-factor solution model for PPFVD presents a good fit to the data. The composite reliability (CR = 0.747) was also good. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of people globally. This measurement scale can be trusted and used to test the PPFVD in the post-pandemic situation. Prospective research might validate this instrument in newly emerging scenarios and test it with diverse ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisha Jalil
- School of Integrated Social Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Vargová L, Kačmár P, Lačný M, Baník G. Measuring various aspects of coronavirus anxiety: a psychometric evaluation of Pandemic anxiety and Coronophobia scales from the latent and network perspective. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36776147 PMCID: PMC9905769 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, understanding and describing the changes in experiences related to the pandemic and its correlates have become crucial. The current study aims to provide a psychometric evaluation and examination of the relationship of two COVID-related anxiety scales through the latent and network approach. The data was collected from the same participants at two time points (Nwave 1 = 1283; Nwave 2 = 1326). The study examined the psychometric properties of the Pandemic Anxiety Scale and Coronaphobia scale. It also examined the factor structure, invariance and relationship with selected variables through both the latent and network approach. The results revealed that both scales provided good fit and psychometric properties-PAS (wave1: CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05 [0.04, 0.07], SRMR = 0.048; wave2: CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05 [0.04, 0.07], SRMR = 0.049), and Coronaphobia scale (wave1: CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.05 [0.03, 0.07], SRMR = 0.027; wave2: CFI ~ 1, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.03 [0.002, 0.06], SRMR = 0.015). The results also indicated that distinguishing between them is crucial as they were related differently to various variables. The global network models provided a more complex insight in their connections with the set of selected variables. The PAS and Coronaphobia scales are brief and valid measures that can be used in research looking at mental health issues related to the pandemic. The present study shows a unique pattern of relationships of these scales with other variables, extending previous studies into the topic of COVID-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Vargová
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, 17. Novembra 1, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kačmár
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Moyzesova 9, 040 59 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Lačný
- Institute of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, 17. Novembra 1, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Baník
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, 17. Novembra 1, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia
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Goutaudier N, Martinelli N, Chevalère J, Dezecache G, Belletier C, Huguet P, Droit-Volet S, Gil S. Affective experiences during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and posttraumatic growth: A 1-year longitudinal study in France. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:472-476. [PMID: 35577154 PMCID: PMC9101774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 crisis has resulted in major restrictions on daily life that are undeniably detrimental to individual wellbeing. Nevertheless, there may be positive psychological changes over the longer term, particularly in the form of posttraumatic growth (PTG). METHODS A total of 1075 individuals representative of the French population took part in an online survey during the first lockdown (T1: March to May 2020) and 1 year later (T2). Their affective experiences at T1 were analyzed, together with the development of PTG at T2. RESULTS Three affective profiles were identified at T1: one associated with feelings of loneliness and depressive symptoms (Loneliness cluster), one with positive feelings (Happiness cluster), and one with rather negative feelings of anger and fear, but also a feeling of happiness (Negative-moderate cluster). PTG was generally low at T2, with the Negative-moderate cluster achieving the highest score. LIMITATIONS This study was based on an online survey, and an exploratory cluster analysis was conducted. Complementary studies should be conducted to determine the predictive value of our findings. CONCLUSIONS Within the space of 1 year following the first lockdown due to COVID-19, people living in France, especially those who had experienced a mixture of feelings during lockdown, appeared to develop some form of PTG. Nevertheless, PTG was rather weak overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Goutaudier
- Université de Poitiers; CNRS (CeRCA UMR7295), France,Corresponding author at: Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), Bât. A5, MSHS, 5 rue Théodore Lefebvre, TSA 21103, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - N. Martinelli
- Université Clermont Auvergne; CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J. Chevalère
- Université Clermont Auvergne; CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G. Dezecache
- Université Clermont Auvergne; CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C. Belletier
- Université Clermont Auvergne; CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P. Huguet
- Université Clermont Auvergne; CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S. Droit-Volet
- Université Clermont Auvergne; CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S. Gil
- Université de Poitiers; CNRS (CeRCA UMR7295), France
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Heeren A, Mouguiama-Daouda C, Contreras A. On climate anxiety and the threat it may pose to daily life functioning and adaptation: a study among European and African French-speaking participants. CLIMATIC CHANGE 2022; 173:15. [PMID: 35912274 PMCID: PMC9326410 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-022-03402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The notion of climate anxiety has gained traction in the last years. Yet uncertainty remains regarding the variations of climate anxiety across demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, age) and its associations with adaptive (i.e., pro-environmental) behaviors. Moreover, the point-estimate proportion of people frequently experiencing climate anxiety has seldom been probed. In this study, we assessed climate anxiety (including its related functional impairments), along with demographic characteristics, climate change experience, and pro-environmental behaviors, in 2080 French-speaking participants from eight African and European countries. 11.64% of the participants reported experiencing climate anxiety frequently, and 20.72% reported experiencing daily life functional consequences (e.g., impact on the ability to go to work or socialize). Women and younger people exhibited significantly higher levels of climate anxiety. There was no difference between participants from African and European countries, although the sample size of the former was limited, thus precluding any definite conclusion regarding potential geographic differences. Concerning adaptation, climate anxiety was associated with pro-environmental behaviors. However, this association was significantly weaker in people reporting frequent experiences of climate anxiety (i.e., eco-paralysis) than in those with lower levels. Although this observation needs to be confirmed in longitudinal and experimental research, our results suggest that climate anxiety can impede daily life functioning and adaptation to climate change in many people, thus deserving a careful audit by the scientific community and practitioners. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material. Available at: 10.1007/s10584-022-03402-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Heeren
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Belgian National Science Foundation (F.R.S.-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Mouguiama-Daouda
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alba Contreras
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Starcevic V, Schimmenti A, Billieux J. A Model of Multifaceted Fear During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Balancing Between Overemphasising and Neglecting the Distinction Between Fear and Anxiety: A Reply to. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 17:255-259. [PMID: 34909001 PMCID: PMC8629095 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to revisit a model of multifaceted fear during the COVID-19 pandemic proposed by Schimmenti et al. (2020) in light of the distinction between fear and anxiety. Although the latter remains unresolved, the boundary between fear and anxiety is more fluid than firm and a strict dichotomy between them is not tenable. The four domains of fear during the COVID-19 pandemic have characteristics of both fear and anxiety, which manifest themselves differently within each fear domain and are experienced differently by people and at different points in time. This conceptual approach has implications for understanding COVID-19-related fears and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladan Starcevic
- University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- UKE - Kore University of Enna, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Enna, Italy
| | - Joël Billieux
- University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
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