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Carbone GA, Michel CM, Farina B, Adenzato M, Ardito RB, Imperatori C, Artoni F. Altered EEG Patterns in Individuals with Disorganized Attachment: An EEG Microstates Study. Brain Topogr 2024; 37:420-431. [PMID: 38416284 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-024-01038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Over the past years, different studies provided preliminary evidence that Disorganized Attachment (DA) may have dysregulatory and disintegrative effects on both autonomic arousal regulation and brain connectivity. However, despite the clinical relevance of this construct, few studies have investigated the specific alterations underlying DA using electroencephalography (EEG). Thus, the main aim of the current study was to investigate EEG microstate parameters of DA in a non-clinical sample (N = 50) before (pre) and after (post) the administration of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Two EEG eyes-closed Resting State (RS) recordings were performed before and after the AAI, which was used for classifying the participants [i.e., Disorganized/Unresolved (D/U) or Organized/Resolved (O/R) individuals] and to trigger the attachment system. Microstates parameters (i.e., Mean Duration, Time Coverage and Occurrence) were extracted from each recording using Cartool software. EEG microstates clustering analysis revealed 6 different maps (labeled A, B, C, D, E, F) in both groups (i.e., D/U and O/R individuals) and in both conditions (i.e., pre-AAI and post-AAI). In the pre-AAI condition, compared to O/R individuals, D/U participants showed a shorter Mean Duration and Time Coverage of Map F; in the post-AAI condition, a significant reduction in the Mean Duration of Map E was also observed in D/U individuals. Finally, in the "within" statistical analysis (i.e., pre-AAI vs. post-AAI), only the D/U group exhibited a significant increase in Time Coverage of Map F after the AAI. Since these maps are associated with brain networks involved in emotional information processing and mentalization (i.e., Salience Network and Default Mode Network), our result might reflect the deficit in the ability to mentalize caregiver's interaction as well as the increased sensitivity to attachment-related stimuli typically observed in individuals with a D/U state of mind.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph M Michel
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benedetto Farina
- Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Adenzato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rita B Ardito
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fiorenzo Artoni
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
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Imperatori C, Schimmenti A, Raimondi G, Santoro G, De Rossi E, Innamorati M, Adenzato M, Carbone GA, Ardito RB, Farina B. Psychometric Properties of the Detachment and Compartmentalization Inventory (DCI) in an Italian Community Sample. J Trauma Dissociation 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38444257 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2024.2323982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The Detachment and Compartmentalization Inventory (DCI) is a valid and reliable self-report instrument that assesses these two distinct forms of dissociative symptoms. However, there is limited research on the cross-cultural validation of the DCI. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an Italian translation of the DCI and examine its internal structure and psychometric properties (including internal consistency, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability) within an Italian-speaking community sample. The sample consisted of 1276 adults (887 females; mean age: 29.57 ± 10.96 years), who completed the DCI and other self-report measures evaluating dissociative experiences and childhood trauma. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original two-factor model (χ2169 = 1312.80, RMSEA = 0.073, 95%CI 0.069-0.077; CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.94; SRMR = 0.04). Additionally, the DCI exhibited good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity with another measure of dissociation. The study also confirmed the association between DCI scores and the severity of childhood trauma. Finally, a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the DCI effectively distinguishes individuals who screened positively for dissociative disorders. Overall, these findings indicate that the Italian translation of the DCI possesses satisfactory psychometric properties, suggesting its utility as a screening tool for assessing detachment and compartmentalization experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, UKE-Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Giulia Raimondi
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Santoro
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena De Rossi
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Innamorati
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Adenzato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turn, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe A Carbone
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turn, Turin, Italy
| | - Rita B Ardito
- Department of Psychology, University of Turn, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetto Farina
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Gao X, Qin Y, Jiao S, Hao J, Zhao J, Wang J, Wen Y, Wang T. Genetic evidence for the causal relations between metabolic syndrome and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:46. [PMID: 38245519 PMCID: PMC10799927 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence reveals associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and psychiatric disorders (PDs), although causality remains uncertain. Consequently, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to systematically evaluate the causality between MetS and PDs. Linkage disequilibrium score regression estimated the heritability of PDs and their genetic correlations with MetS. In primary analyses, the main model employed inverse variance weighting method, with sensitivity analyses using various MR models to ensure robustness. Replication MR analyses, involving cohorts distinct from those in the primary analyses, were performed to validate the generalizability of the findings. Multivariable MR analyses were carried out to account for genetically predicted body mass index (BMI). As a result, genetic correlations of MetS with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), anorexia nervosa(ANO), major depressive disorder(MDD), and schizophrenia were identified. Causal effects of MetS on ADHD (OR: 1.59 [95% CI:1.45-1.74]), ANO (OR: 1.42 [95% CI:1.25-1.61]), MDD(OR: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.13-1.33]), and the effects of ADHD (OR: 1.03 [95% CI: 1.02-1.04]) and ANO (OR: 1.01 [95% CI: 1.01-1.02]) on MetS were observed in primary analyses. Results from sensitivity analyses and replication analyses were generally consistent with the primary analyses, confirming the robustness and generalizability of the findings. Associations between MetS and ADHD, as well as ANO persisted after adjusting for BMI, whereas the statistical significance of the association between MetS and MDD was no longer observable. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying PDs, suggesting potential modifiable targets for public prevention and clinical intervention in specific PDs related to metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shu Jiao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junhui Hao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanchao Wen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Cankardas S, Tagiyeva-Milne N, Loiseau M, Naughton A, Grylli C, Sammut-Scerri C, Pivoriene J, Schöggl J, Pantazidou A, Quantin C, Mora-Theuer EA. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on characteristics, extent and trends in child maltreatment in 34 Euro-CAN COST Action countries: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080183. [PMID: 38171627 PMCID: PMC10773372 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the factors commonly associated with an increased risk of child maltreatment (CM) were found to be increased during COVID-19, reports of actual maltreatment showed varying trends. Similarly, evidence regarding the impact of COVID-19 on CM within the European Cooperation on Science and Technology and Network Collaborative (COST) Action countries remains inconsistent. This scoping review aims to explore the extent and nature of evidence pertaining to CM within the countries affiliated with the Child Abuse and Neglect in Europe Action Network (Euro-CAN), funded by the COST. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Key electronic databases were searched to identify eligible papers, reports and other material published between January 2020 and April 2023: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, Scopus and Web of Science. To cover the breadth of evidence, a systematic and broad search strategy was applied using a combination of keywords and controlled vocabulary for four concepts: children, maltreatment, COVID-19 and Euro-CAN countries, without restrictions on study design or language. Grey literature was searched in OpenGrey and Google Scholar. Two reviewers will independently screen full-text publications for eligibility and undertake data extraction, using a customised grid. The screening criteria and data charting will be piloted by the research team.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews will be followed to present the results. Results will be summarised in a tabular form and narratively. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review will identify and summarise publicly available data, without requiring ethical approval. The findings will be disseminated to the Euro-CAN Network and reported to the COST Association. They will also be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This protocol is registered on Open Science Framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Cankardas
- School of Health, Social Work & Sport, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | | | - Mélanie Loiseau
- Forensic Medicine Unit, University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Inserm, UMR 1231, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, CHU Dijon Bourgogn, Dijon, France
| | | | - Chryssa Grylli
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clarissa Sammut-Scerri
- Faculty for Social Wellbeing, Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Jolanta Pivoriene
- Faculty of Human and Social Studies, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Johanna Schöggl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasia Pantazidou
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine Quantin
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), University Hospital, Dijon, France
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Eva Anna Mora-Theuer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Mucci F. Article Highlights. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:69-71. [PMID: 37234361 PMCID: PMC10206629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mucci
- Corresponding author Federico Mucci Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2 53100 Siena, Italy Phone: +39 050 2219768 E-mail:
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