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Lubansu A, Abeloos L, Bockstael O, Lehtonen E, Blum D, Brotchi J, Levivier M, Tenenbaum L. Recombinant AAV Viral Vectors Serotype 1, 2, and 5 Mediate Differential Gene Transfer Efficiency in Rat Striatal Fetal Grafts. Cell Transplant 2017; 16:1013-1020. [DOI: 10.3727/000000007783472372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrastriatal grafts of fetal ganglionic eminences (GE) can reverse symptoms of striatal lesions in animal models of Huntington's disease. On the other hand, neurotrophic factors have been shown to protect host striatal neurons from ongoing degeneration. Neurotrophic gene transfer into GE prior to grafting could combine the benefits of striatal neuron replacement and in situ delivery of neurotrophic factors. Here we evaluate the potency of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) as vectors for gene delivery into rat embryonic (E15) GE using the eGFP reporter gene under the control of the strong cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. We observed a very efficient expression of the eGFP reporter gene in organotypic cultures of GE infected with rAAV serotype 1 from 4 days until at least 4 weeks postinfection. In contrast, transduction was low and absent when using serotype 2 and serotype 5 rAAV, respectively. Two months after transplantation of rAAV2/1-infected embryonic GE in adult rat striatum, more than 20% of grafted cells expressed eGFP. The majority of transduced cells in the graft were neurons as indicated by colabeling of GFP-immunoreactive cells with the NeuN marker. Our study suggests that GE transduced by rAAV-serotype 1 vectors could be an interesting tool to mediate efficient expression of a gene coding a neurotrophic factor in Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphonse Lubansu
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Abeloos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Bockstael
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Enni Lehtonen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Blum
- Research Unit in Biotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Brotchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Levivier
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liliane Tenenbaum
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Research Unit in Biotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Borlongan CV, Yu G, Matsukawa N, Yasuhara T, Hara K, Xu L. Article Commentary: Cell Transplantation: Stem Cells in the Spotlight. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:519-526. [DOI: 10.3727/000000005783982774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar V. Borlongan
- Neurology/Insttitute of Molecular Medicind & Genetics/School of Graduate Studies, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Research/Affiliations Service Line, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Guolong Yu
- Neurology/Insttitute of Molecular Medicind & Genetics/School of Graduate Studies, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Research/Affiliations Service Line, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Neurology/Insttitute of Molecular Medicind & Genetics/School of Graduate Studies, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Research/Affiliations Service Line, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Neurology/Insttitute of Molecular Medicind & Genetics/School of Graduate Studies, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Research/Affiliations Service Line, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Koichi Hara
- Neurology/Insttitute of Molecular Medicind & Genetics/School of Graduate Studies, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Research/Affiliations Service Line, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Neurology/Insttitute of Molecular Medicind & Genetics/School of Graduate Studies, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Research/Affiliations Service Line, Augusta VAMC, Augusta, GA, USA
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SanMartin A, Borlongan CV. Article Commentary: Cell Transplantation: Toward Cell Therapy. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:665-73. [PMID: 17176618 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agneta SanMartin
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Meyer JS, Tullis G, Pierret C, Spears KM, Morrison JA, Kirk MD. Detection of calcium transients in embryonic stem cells and their differentiated progeny. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 29:1191-203. [PMID: 19475505 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A central issue in stem cell biology is the determination of function and activity of differentiated stem cells, features that define the true phenotype of mature cell types. Commonly, physiological mechanisms are used to determine the functionality of mature cell types, including those of the nervous system. Calcium imaging provides an indirect method of determining the physiological activities of a mature cell. Camgaroos are variants of yellow fluorescent protein that act as intracellular calcium sensors in transfected cells. We expressed one version of the camgaroos, Camgaroo-2, in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells under the control of the CAG promoter system. Under the control of this promoter, Camgaroo-2 fluorescence was ubiquitously expressed in all cell types derived from the ES cells that were tested. In response to pharmacological stimulation, the fluorescence levels in transfected cells correlated with cellular depolarization and hyperpolarization. These changes were observed in both undifferentiated ES cells as well as ES cells that had been neurally induced, including putative neurons that were differentiated from transfected ES cells. The results presented here indicate that Camgaroo-2 may be used like traditional fluorescent proteins to track cells as well as to study the functionality of stem cells and their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Meyer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Chaichana K, Capilla-Gonzalez V, Gonzalez-Perez O, Pradilla G, Han J, Olivi A, Brem H, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Preservation of glial cytoarchitecture from ex vivo human tumor and non-tumor cerebral cortical explants: A human model to study neurological diseases. J Neurosci Methods 2007; 164:261-70. [PMID: 17580092 PMCID: PMC2744592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For the human brain, in vitro models that accurately represent what occurs in vivo are lacking. Organotypic models may be the closest parallel to human brain tissue outside of a live patient. However, this model has been limited primarily to rodent-derived tissue. We present an organotypic model to maintain intraoperatively collected human tumor and non-tumor explants ex vivo for a prolonged period of time ( approximately 11 days) without any significant changes to the tissue cytoarchitecture as evidenced through immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy analyses. The ability to establish and reliably predict the cytoarchitectural changes that occur with time in an organotypic model of tumor and non-tumor human brain tissue has several potential applications including the study of cell migration on actual tissue matrix, drug toxicity on neural tissue and pharmacological treatment for brain cancers, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisorn Chaichana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Building, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivian Capilla-Gonzalez
- Unidad Mixta Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe - Universidad de Valencia, Laboratorio de Morfologia Celular, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pradilla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Building, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Building, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Building, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Building, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
- Unidad Mixta Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe - Universidad de Valencia, Laboratorio de Morfologia Celular, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Building, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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