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Ramos SLF, Lopes MTG, Meneses C, Dequigiovanni G, de Macêdo JLV, Lopes R, Sebbenn AM, da Silva RF, de Jesus Pinto Fraxe T, Veasey EA. Natural Populations of Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer in Amazonia: Genetic Diversity and Conservation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2957. [PMID: 36365412 PMCID: PMC9655110 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Astrocaryum aculeatum, a palm tree incipiently domesticated from upland ecosystems in the Brazilian Amazon, is especially adapted to anthropized areas. The pulp of the fruit, obtained by extractivism, is consumed fresh by the Amazonian population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of the natural populations of A. aculeatum, exploited by extractive farmers in Amazonas, Brazil, seeking to suggest conservation and management strategies for this species. A total of 218 plants were sampled in 15 populations in 14 municipalities in the state of Amazonas, evaluated by 12 microsatellite loci. A total of 101 alleles were observed. The means of the observed heterozygosities (HO = 0.6390) were higher than expected (HE = 0.557), with high levels of heterozygotes in the populations. The fixation index in the loci and populations was negative. The FST (0.07) and AMOVA showed moderate population structure. Bayesian analysis indicated the grouping k = 4 as the most adequate. There is a high genetic diversity in populations, with a moderate genetic structure due to possible historical events, which could be related to the process of subpopulation formation, possibly presenting three historical moments: before and after the beginning of deforestation and today. The conservation and management policies of this species must be carried out at a watershed level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Linorio Ferreyra Ramos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Nossa Senhora do Rosário, 3863, Bairro Tiradentes, Itacoatiara 69100-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Otávio Ramos, 3.000, Bairro Coroado, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Carlos Meneses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dequigiovanni
- Centro Universitário de Cascavel, Avenida Tito Muffato, 2317, Bairro Santa Cruz, Cascavel 85806-080, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Lopes
- Campo Experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Km 29, AM 010, CP. 319, Manaus 9010-970, AM, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Magno Sebbenn
- Seção de Melhoramento e Conservação Genética Florestal, Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, Rua do Horto, 931, Bairro Horto Florestal, São Paulo 01059-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Freire da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Therezinha de Jesus Pinto Fraxe
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Otávio Ramos, 3.000, Bairro Coroado, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ann Veasey
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Bairro São Dimas, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil
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de Santana Lopes A, Gomes Pacheco T, Nascimento da Silva O, Magalhães Cruz L, Balsanelli E, Maltempi de Souza E, de Oliveira Pedrosa F, Rogalski M. The plastomes of Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey. and A. murumuru Mart. show a flip-flop recombination between two short inverted repeats. PLANTA 2019; 250:1229-1246. [PMID: 31222493 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The plastomes of Astrocaryum murumuru and A. aculeatum revealed a lineage-specific structural feature originated by flip-flop recombination, non-synonymous substitutions in conserved genes and several molecular markers. Astrocaryum murumuru Mart. and A. aculeatum G.Mey. are two palm species of Amazon forest that are economically important as source of food, oil and raw material for several applications. Genetic studies aiming to establish strategies for conservation and domestication of both species are still in the beginning given that the exploitation is mostly by extractive activity. The identification and characterization of molecular markers are essential to assess the genetic diversity of natural populations of both species. Therefore, we sequenced and characterized in detail the plastome of both species. We compared both species and identified 32 polymorphic SSR loci, 150 SNPs, 46 indels and eight hotspots of nucleotide diversity. Additionally, we reported a specific RNA editing site found in the ccsA gene, which is exclusive to A. murumuru. Moreover, the structural analysis in the plastomes of both species revealed a 4.6-kb inversion encompassing a set of genes involved in chlororespiration and plastid translation. This 4.6-kb inversion is a lineage-specific structural feature of the genus Astrocaryum originated by flip-flop recombination between two short inverted repeats. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analysis using whole plastomes of 39 Arecaceae species placed the Astrocaryum species sister to Acrocomia within the tribe Cocoseae. Finally, our data indicated substantial changes in the plastome structure and sequence of both species of the genus Astrocaryum, bringing new molecular markers, several structural and evolving features, which can be applied in several areas such as genetic, evolution, breeding, phylogeny and conservation strategies for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Santana Lopes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Túlio Gomes Pacheco
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Odyone Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Magalhães Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Balsanelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rogalski
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Ramos SLF, Dequigiovanni G, Sebbenn AM, Lopes MTG, Kageyama PY, de Macêdo JLV, Kirst M, Veasey EA. Spatial genetic structure, genetic diversity and pollen dispersal in a harvested population of Astrocaryum aculeatum in the Brazilian Amazon. BMC Genet 2016; 17:63. [PMID: 27108235 PMCID: PMC4842287 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocaryum aculeatum is a palm tree species native to the tropical regions of South America, exploited commercially by local farmers for the pulp extracted from its fruits. The objective of this research was to compare the genetic diversity between adult plants and seedlings from open-pollinated seeds, quantify the pollen flow and dispersal, the spatial genetic structure, and the effective size of a population that has been continuously harvested for its fruits. The study was carried out in a natural population of A. aculeatum distributed over approximately 8 ha in the State of Amazonas (Brazil), separated by 400 m from the closest neighboring population. In total, 112 potential pollen donors, 12 mother plants and 120 offspring were mapped and genotyped. Results Genetic diversity was high for parents and the offspring. The fixation indexes for adults (F = -0.035) and offspring (F = -0.060) were negative and not significant. A significant spatial genetic structure was detected for the adult plants (up to the distance of 45 m) indicating short-distance seed dispersal. Paternity analysis detected 9.2 % of pollen immigration and the average distance of pollination within the population was 81 m. The average effective pollination neighborhood area between plants was 1.51 ha. Conclusions Our results indicate that substantial introduction of new alleles has occurred in the population through pollen immigration, contributing to the maintenance of genetic diversity. Conservation efforts aimed at maintaining the gene pool of the current population or establishing new populations should utilize offspring from mother plants selected to be spaced by at least 50 m to prevent collecting seeds from relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Linorio Ferreyra Ramos
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Departamento de Genética, C.P. 9, CEP 13418-900, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Dequigiovanni
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Departamento de Genética, C.P. 9, CEP 13418-900, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Magno Sebbenn
- Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, Seção de Melhoramento e Conservação Genética Florestal, C.P. 1322, CEP 01059-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), CEP 60077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Paulo Yoshio Kageyama
- ESALQ/USP, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, C.P. 9, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Matias Kirst
- University of Florida, School of Forest Resources & Conservation, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0410, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ann Veasey
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Departamento de Genética, C.P. 9, CEP 13418-900, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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