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Aguilera-Torres C, Riveros G, Morales LV, Sierra-Almeida A, Schoebitz M, Hasbún R. Relieving your stress: PGPB associated with Andean xerophytic plants are most abundant and active on the most extreme slopes. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1062414. [PMID: 36741893 PMCID: PMC9889642 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1062414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plants interact with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), especially under stress condition in natural and agricultural systems. Although a potentially beneficial microbiome has been found associated to plants from alpine systems, this plant- PGPB interaction has been scarcely studied. Nevados de Chillán Complex hold one of the southernmost xerophytic formations in Chile. Plant species living there have to cope with drought and extreme temperatures during the growing season period, microclimatic conditions that become harsher on equatorial than polar slopes, and where the interaction with PGPB could be key for plant survival. Our goal was to study the abundance and activity of different PGPB associated to two abundant plant species of Andean xerophytic formations on contrasting slopes. Methods Twenty individuals of Berberis empetrifolia and Azorella prolifera shrubs were selected growing on a north and south slope nearby Las Fumarolas, at 2,050 m elevation. On each slope, microclimate based on temperature and moisture conditions were monitored throughout the growing period (oct. - apr.). Chemical properties of the soil under plant species canopies were also characterized. Bacterial abundance was measured as Log CFU g-1 from soil samples collected from each individual and slope. Then, the most abundant bacterial colonies were selected, and different hormonal (indoleacetic acid) and enzymatic (nitrogenase, phosphatase, ACC-deaminase) mechanisms that promote plant growth were assessed and measured. Results and Discussion Extreme temperatures were observed in the north facing slope, recording the hottest days (41 vs. 36°C) and coldest nights (-9.9 vs. 6.6°C). Moreover, air and soil moisture were lower on north than on south slope, especially late in the growing season. We found that bacterial abundance was higher in soils on north than on south slope but only under B. empetrifolia canopy. Moreover, the activity of plant growth-promoting mechanisms varied between slopes, being on average higher on north than on south slope, but with plant species-dependent trends. Our work showed how the environmental heterogeneity at microscale in alpine systems (slope and plant species identity) underlies variations in the abundance and plant growth promoting activity of the microorganisms present under the plant canopy of the Andean xerophytic formations and highlight the importance of PGPB from harsh systems as biotechnological tools for restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Aguilera-Torres
- Grupo de Ecofisiología Térmica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile,Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile,Rizoma, Centro de Estudios Agroecológicos y Botánicos, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gustavo Riveros
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Suelos, Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Loreto V. Morales
- Grupo de Ecofisiología Térmica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile,Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Angela Sierra-Almeida
- Grupo de Ecofisiología Térmica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile,Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile,*Correspondence: Angela Sierra-Almeida,
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Suelos, Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile,Laboratorio de Biopelículas y Microbiología Ambiental, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Hasbún
- Laboratorio de Epigenética Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Departamento de Silvicultura, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Survey for ' Candidatus Liberibacter' and ' Candidatus Phytoplasma' in Citrus in Chile. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010048. [PMID: 35055996 PMCID: PMC8781817 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The considerable economic losses in citrus associated with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ presence have alerted all producing regions of the world. In Chile, none of these bacteria have been reported in citrus species. During the years 2017 and 2019, 258 samples presenting symptoms similar to those associated with the presence of these bacteria were examined. No detection of ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ associated with “huanglongbing” disease was obtained in the tested samples; therefore, this quarantine pest is maintained as absent in Chile. However, 14 plants resulted positive for phytoplasmas enclosed in subgroups 16SrV-A (12 plants) and 16SrXIII-F (2 plants). Although they have been found in other plant species, this is the first report of these phytoplasmas in citrus worldwide.
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Vieira MLC, Santini L, Diniz AL, Munhoz CDF. Microsatellite markers: what they mean and why they are so useful. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:312-28. [PMID: 27561112 PMCID: PMC5004837 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellites or Single Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are extensively employed in plant genetics studies, using both low and high throughput genotyping approaches. Motivated by the importance of these sequences over the last decades this review aims to address some theoretical aspects of SSRs, including definition, characterization and biological function. The methodologies for the development of SSR loci, genotyping and their applications as molecular markers are also reviewed. Finally, two data surveys are presented. The first was conducted using the main database of Web of Science, prospecting for articles published over the period from 2010 to 2015, resulting in approximately 930 records. The second survey was focused on papers that aimed at SSR marker development, published in the American Journal of Botany's Primer Notes and Protocols in Plant Sciences (over 2013 up to 2015), resulting in a total of 87 publications. This scenario confirms the current relevance of SSRs and indicates their continuous utilization in plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Carneiro Vieira
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de
Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Santini
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de
Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto Lima Diniz
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de
Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla de Freitas Munhoz
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de
Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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