Al-Suhaimi EA, Al-Jafary MA. Endocrine roles of vitamin K-dependent- osteocalcin in the relation between bone metabolism and metabolic disorders.
Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020;
21:117-125. [PMID:
31761961 DOI:
10.1007/s11154-019-09517-9]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are important metabolic diseases and a major public health problem among the world, they have serious health and economic complications. Overweight and obesity are increased risk for deficiency of vitamin particularly shortage of fat soluble-vitamins. Studies reported that vitamin K supplementation reduces oxidative stress and metabolic risk biomarkers for diabetes, as well as reduces progression of insulin resistance. Vitamin K-dependent-protein osteocalcin (bone derived hormone) plays crucial roles in energy metabolism. There is a clear association between circulating vitamin k and dependent-osteocalcin concentrations with obesity and risk of Type 2 diabetes. Osteocalcin through molecular mechanisms improves insulin resistance, lipid and glucose profile, and mediate vitamin K positive effects. Insulin also signals osteocalcin to regulate bone mineralization. Normal carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins/ hormones is a key step in preventing apoptosis and calcification of vascular endothelial cells. A missing relationship between bone, glucose and fat metabolism could clarify and manage many metabolic mechanisms. This review focuses on the physiological relationship between vitamin K-dependent-osteocalcin, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases through some molecular proteins and hormones including adipokines. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of osteocalcin modulated by vitamin K could help in implementing therapeutic drugs to cure metabolic diseases.
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