Combined resection and multi-agent adjuvant chemotherapy for desmoplastic small round cell tumor arising in the abdominal cavity: Report of a case

Intra-Abdominal Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor: Current Treatment Options and Perspectives

Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor (IDSRCT) is a rare and highly malignant soft tissue neoplasm, which is characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. The mechanism underlying the development of this neoplasm remains elusive, but all cases are characterized by the chromosomal translocation t (11;22) (p13; q12), which results in a formation of EWSR1-WT1 gene fusion. The diagnosis of IDSRCT is often made with core-needle tissue biopsy specimens or laparoscopy or laparotomy. Immunohistochemical analyses have shown the co-expression of epithelial, neuronal, myogenic, and mesenchymal differentiation markers. FISH or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detecting EWS-WT1 fusion can be performed to assist in molecular confirmation. There is no standard of care for patients with IDSRCT currently, and majority of newly diagnosed patients received the aggressive therapy, which includes >90% resection of surgical debulking, high-dose alkylator-based chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. More recently, targeted therapy has been increasingly administered to recurrent IDSRCT patients and has been associated with improved survival in clinical conditions. Immunotherapy as a possible therapeutic strategy is being explored in patients with IDSRCT. In this review, we summarize currently available knowledge regarding the epidemiology, potential mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of IDSRCT to assist oncologists in comprehensively recognizing and accurately treating this malignancy.

Bone Marrow Metastasis of Desmoplastic Small round Cell Tumor

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is an extremely rare and highly aggressive neoplasm. It usually arises as a single mass or multiple masses in the abdominal cavity, characterized by diffuse peritoneal implants, involvement of regional lymph nodes, and liver and lung metastases. However, bone marrow metastasis has rarely been reported in the literature. We present a case of clinically symptomatic bone marrow metastasis in a 25-year-old woman with a diagnosis of desmoplastic small round cell tumor originating from the pelvic cavity.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: impact of F-FDG PET induced treatment strategy in a patient with long-term outcome

The desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an uncommon and highly aggressive cancer. The role of ¹⁸F-FDG PET in management of DSRCT is little reported. We report a case of metastasized abdominal DSRCT detected in a 43-year old patient whose diagnostic and therapeutic approaches were influenced by ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT. The patient is still alive ten years after diagnosis. ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT seems to be a useful method for assessing therapeutic efficiency and detecting early recurrences even in rare malignancies such as DSRCT.