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Tian L, Zhang Z, Long Y, Tang A, Deng M, Long X, Fang N, Yu X, Ruan X, Qiu J, Wang X, Deng H. Endoscopists' Acceptance on the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Development and Case Analysis of a Scale. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:760634. [PMID: 35492311 PMCID: PMC9040450 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.760634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a standardized endoscopist acceptance scale for the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods After investigating endoscopists who have previously used AI and consulting with AI experts, we developed a provisional scale to measure the acceptance of AI as used in gastrointestinal endoscopy that was then distributed to a sample of endoscopists who have used AI. After analyzing the feedback data collected on the provisional scale, we developed a new formal scale with four factors. Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), content validity, and related validity were conducted to test the reliability and validity of the formal scale. We also constructed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in order to determine the scale's ability to distinguish higher acceptance and satisfaction. Results A total of 210 valid formal scale data points were collected. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.904. All the factor loadings were >0.50, of which the highest factor loading was 0.86 and the lowest was 0.54 (AVE = 0.580, CR = 0.953). The correlation coefficient between the total score of the scale and the satisfaction score was 0.876, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.949 ± 0.031. Endoscopists with a score higher than 50 tend to be accepting and satisfied with AI. Conclusion This study yielded a viable questionnaire to measure the acceptance among endoscopists of the implementation of AI in gastroenterology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zinan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Long
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anliu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiuyan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xixian Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianing Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Department of Public Health, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Wu L, Zhang J, Zhou W, An P, Shen L, Liu J, Jiang X, Huang X, Mu G, Wan X, Lv X, Gao J, Cui N, Hu S, Chen Y, Hu X, Li J, Chen D, Gong D, He X, Ding Q, Zhu X, Li S, Wei X, Li X, Wang X, Zhou J, Zhang M, Yu HG. Randomised controlled trial of WISENSE, a real-time quality improving system for monitoring blind spots during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Gut 2019; 68:2161-2169. [PMID: 30858305 PMCID: PMC6872441 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is the pivotal procedure in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal lesions. However, there are significant variations in EGD performance among endoscopists, impairing the discovery rate of gastric cancers and precursor lesions. The aim of this study was to construct a real-time quality improving system, WISENSE, to monitor blind spots, time the procedure and automatically generate photodocumentation during EGD and thus raise the quality of everyday endoscopy. DESIGN WISENSE system was developed using the methods of deep convolutional neural networks and deep reinforcement learning. Patients referred because of health examination, symptoms, surveillance were recruited from Renmin hospital of Wuhan University. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to groups that underwent EGD with or without the assistance of WISENSE. The primary end point was to ascertain if there was a difference in the rate of blind spots between WISENSE-assisted group and the control group. RESULTS WISENSE monitored blind spots with an accuracy of 90.40% in real EGD videos. A total of 324 patients were recruited and randomised. 153 and 150 patients were analysed in the WISENSE and control group, respectively. Blind spot rate was lower in WISENSE group compared with the control (5.86% vs 22.46%, p<0.001), and the mean difference was -15.39% (95% CI -19.23 to -11.54). There was no significant adverse event. CONCLUSIONS WISENSE significantly reduced blind spot rate of EGD procedure and could be used to improve the quality of everyday endoscopy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1800014809; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoda Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganggang Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyue Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Hu
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangjie Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Dexin Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinqi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianshan Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Suqin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Gang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Czupryna J, Kachur AV, Blankemeyer E, Popov AV, Arroyo AD, Karp JS, Delikatny EJ. Cerenkov-specific contrast agents for detection of pH in vivo. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:483-8. [PMID: 25655631 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.146605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report the design, testing, and in vivo application of pH-sensitive contrast agents designed specifically for Cerenkov imaging. Radioisotopes used for PET emit photons via Cerenkov radiation. The multispectral emission of Cerenkov radiation allows for selective bandwidth quenching, in which a band of photons is quenched by absorption by a functional dye. Under acidic conditions, (18)F-labeled derivatives emit the full spectrum of Cerenkov light. Under basic conditions, the dyes change color and a wavelength-dependent quenching of Cerenkov emission is observed. METHODS Mono- and di-(18)F-labeled derivatives of phenolsulfonphthalein (phenol red) and meta-cresolsulfonphthalein (cresol purple) were synthesized by electrophilic fluorination. Cerenkov emission was measured at different wavelengths as a function of pH in vitro. Intramolecular response was measured in fluorinated probes and intermolecular quenching by mixing phenolphthalein with (18)F-FDG. Monofluorocresol purple (MFCP) was tested in mice treated with acetazolamide to cause urinary alkalinization, and Cerenkov images were compared with PET images. RESULTS Fluorinated pH indicators were produced with radiochemical yields of 4%-11% at greater than 90% purity. Selective Cerenkov quenching was observed intramolecularly with difluorophenol red or monofluorocresol purple and intermolecularly in phenolphthalein (18)F-FDG mixtures. The probes were selectively quenched in the bandwidth closest to the indicator's absorption maximum (λmax) at pHs above the indicator pKa (the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant). Addition of acid or base to the probes resulted in reversible switching from unquenched to quenched emission. In vivo, the bladders of acetazolamide-treated mice exhibited a wavelength-dependent quenching in Cerenkov emission, with the greatest reduction occurring near the λmax. Ratiometric imaging at 2 wavelengths showed significant decreases in Cerenkov emission at basic pH and allowed the estimation of absolute pH in vivo. CONCLUSION We have created contrast agents that selectively quench photons emitted during Cerenkov radiation within a given bandwidth. In the presence of a functional dye, such as a pH indicator, this selective quenching allows for a functional determination of pH in vitro and in vivo. This method can be used to obtain functional information from radiolabeled probes using multimodal imaging. This approach allows for the imaging of nonfluorescent chromophores and is generalizable to any functional dye that absorbs at suitable wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Czupryna
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander V Kachur
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Blankemeyer
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alejandro D Arroyo
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joel S Karp
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward J Delikatny
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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